Performance of DSSAT-Nwheat across a wide range of current and future growing conditions

Crop models are widely used in agricultural impact studies. However, many studies have reported large uncertainties from single-model-based simulation analyses, suggesting the need for multi-model simulation capabilities. In this study, the APSIM-Nwheat model was integrated into the Decision Support System for Agro-technology (DSSAT), which already includes two wheat models, to create multi-model simulation capabilities for wheat cropping systems analysis. The new model in DSSAT (DSSAT-Nwheat) was evaluated using more than 1000 observations from field experiments of 65 treatments, which included a wide range of nitrogen fertilizer applications, water supply (irrigation and rainout shelter), planting dates, elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, temperature variations, cultivars, and soil types in diverse climatic regions that represented the main wheat growing areas of the world.DSSAT-Nwheat reproduced the observed grain yields well with an overall root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.89 t/ha (13%). Nitrogen applications, water supply, and planting dates had large effects on observed biomass and grain yields, and the model reproduced these crop responses well. Crop total biomass and nitrogen uptake were reproduced well despite relatively poor simulations of observed leaf area measurements during the growing season. The low sensitivity of biomass simulations to poor simulations of leaf area index (LAI) were due to little changes in intercepted solar radiation at LAI >3 and water and nitrogen stress often limiting photosynthesis and growth rather than light interception at low LAI.The responses of DSSAT-Nwheat to temperature variations and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations were close to observed responses. When compared with the two other DSSAT-wheat models (CERES and CROPSIM), these responses were similar, except for the responses to hot environments, due to different approaches in modeling heat stress effects.The comprehensive evaluation of the DSSAT-Nwheat model with field measurements, including a comparison with two other DSSAT-wheat models, created a multi-model simulation platform that allows the quantification of model uncertainties in wheat impact assessments.     

Assessment of irrigation scenarios to improve performances of Lingot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in southwest France

In the context of climate change, producing the same amount of food with less water has become a challenge all over the world. This is also true for the Lingot bean production in the area of Castelnaudary of southwest France where market competition with imported bean has made it crucial to achieve high yields to maintain production in the area. The use of an appropriate and robust crop model can help to identify crop management solutions to face such issues. We used SSM-legumes, a crop model generic to legume species, as well as field observations recorded over five years on eight farms of the Castelnaudary area to assess the effect of different irrigation scenarios on bean yield and water consumption. First, it was demonstrated that the SSM-legumes model is robust in simulating the development and growth of Lingot bean in non-stressed or moderately stressed conditions of this region regarding water and nutrient availability. Then, the use of the model to compare irrigation scenarios provided guidance on how to improve irrigation management for Lingot bean production. These results showed that farmers could achieve slightly higher yields with less water by basing irrigation decisions on the water content of the soil.     

Development Capacity of the Old -town Renewal Determined by GIS --A Case Study of Old -town Renewal in Nanyang City

Along with the process of urbanization,the old-town renewal has become the top task in the city construction.Directed by quantitative analysis of city's economy,this paper puts forward a new conception and model of development capacity for old city renewal,established land class evaluation system and AHP model to determine the land class and its evaluation factors.Restricted by the old town's eco-environment and social environment,and targeted by its economy,this paper suggests that the upper limit model of the old city's development capacity should be decided by its eco-environment volume and social environment,and the lower limit model should be determined by the market economy,thus the renewal can see the economy,society and environment proceed orderly and harmoniously.Upon the platform of ARCGIS with considering Nanyang old town renewal planning and design,this paper has drawn a digital map for old town renewal development intensity,and explores tentatively the proper development capacity under the platform of GIS.     

Asymmetric Exhaustive Service Polling System with Bernoulli Feedback

This paper studies asymmetric exhaustive service polling system with Bernoulli feedback,gives the distributions of queue lengths and sojoun times,and obtains some other results,in stationary condition.     

The tyranny of taste: the case of organic rice in Cambodia

Fair-trade and organic products are often sold at price premiums justified by smaller production volumes that are associated with greater social and environmental responsibility. The consumption of these products confers on the consumer a greater sense of morality – and usually a claim to better taste. This paper tells the story of attempts to promote organic/fair-trade rice production by de facto organic Cambodian farmers for export to North American and European markets in order to assist poor farmers to trade their way out of poverty. It demonstrates that instead of promoting sustainable agriculture and fair trade between developed and developing markets, organic/fair-trade projects may impose First World consumer ideals and tastes that are out of step with the larger realities of agrarian transition in Cambodia and the wider region of developing Southeast Asia.     

渔业科学数据智能RSS阅读器的设计研究

针对传统RSS阅读器在实际应用中接收大量冗余信息的问题,提出一种智能化的RSS阅读器。该阅读器基于渔业科学数据平台,采用向量空间模型,运用中文分词、对象持久化等技术实现智能原理,设计实现了智能化RSS阅读器。实验证明：该阅读器的过滤有效性为86.2%,过滤准确性为82.4%,能够较好地过滤掉与用户不相关的信息。应用结果表明：渔业科学数据智能RSS阅读器的实现可使用户获得更精准的信息。     

江苏农村居民消费结构实证分析

为提高农村居民生活质量,促进江苏经济持续健康发展,基于ELES模型,利用2000—2013年的经济数据,对江苏省农村居民的消费结构特征进行了实证研究。结果表明：2000—2013年,江苏省农村居民消费水平有了很大的提升,消费结构上教育与文娱以及交通通讯支出比例逐渐加大。边际消费倾向分析表明,食品、居住、交通通讯以及文教娱乐是江苏农村居民主要消费重点。弹性分析表明,除了食品为居民生活必需品,其余消费品均为奢侈品。     

基于光谱指数的苹果叶片水分含量估算模型研究

建立快速、无损的苹果叶片水分含量高光谱估算模型,为苹果树干旱预警提供理论依据。以2个不同生育期采集的苹果叶片为研究对象,研究了不同水分含量的苹果叶片高光谱特征,分析了苹果叶片水分含量与光谱指数(WI、WBI、PWI、GVWI、MSI、 NDW)之间的相关关系,建立了苹果叶片水分含量估算模型。结果表明,苹果叶片水分含量的敏感光谱波段主要集中于近红外和短波红外波段;利用6个光谱指数建立的单变量估算模型均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),但以水分指数（WI）建立的估算模型y=29503x2-57746x+28317的拟合决定系数R2最大,为0.5401;经检验,拟合方程的RMSE为 2.4,RE为 5.8%,检验精度达到了94.2%。采用主成分回归分析方法,建立的苹果叶片水分含量估算模型y=-556.819+347.838x1-17.815x2-27.864x3+299.492x4+25.647x5+9.835x6的拟合决定系数R2为0.6371,经检验,拟合方程的RMSE为 1.26,RE为 1.8%,检验精度达到了98.2%。表明以主成分回归分析建立的苹果叶片水分含量估算模型具有较好的敏感性和稳定性。     

叶面肥对无土栽培樱桃番茄性状的影响及产量与植株性状的数学模型研究

为了探索樱桃番茄无土栽培在海南热带地区种植效果及植株产量效应,本研究通过增施不同量叶面肥,设计3种处理、3次重复随机试验,并对试验最佳效果的植株产量、株高和茎粗建立相关数学模型。结果表明,增施叶面肥较传统施肥有明显增产效果,平均增产2250 kg/hm²,增产20.2%。而樱桃番茄株高与产量、茎粗与产量具有显著相关性,其模型分别为Y_单株产量=(47.92060X_{株高-24.95763)² (P= 0.0114＜0.05)和Y单株产量=(61.885X茎粗-46.97988)² (P=0.0372＜0.05),符合植株生长趋势变化。因此,在海南开展樱桃番茄无土栽培是可行的,且可以通过调控来调节植株生长情况从而提高产量,增加经济效益。}     

对早熟、矮杆、小粒大豆基因型MiniMax作为大豆研究模式材料的探讨

MiniMax是从美国引进的一个生育期短、植株矮、籽粒小的大豆遗传资源,具有成为大豆基础研究模式材料的潜力。本文从3个方面对MiniMax的形态特征和生长发育特性进行了系统研究: (1)参照DUS测试指南,观察、记载了该品系的植物学特性;(2)设置短日照(12 h)和长日照(16 h)两种光周期处理,结合不同播期试验(春播模拟低温、夏播模拟高温),观察不同光、温条件对其生育期、株高、籽粒大小的影响;(3)利用与生育期、株高、籽粒大小等性状相关SSR标记,解析该品系在这些位点的等位变异特点。结果表明,MiniMax在北京夏播自然光照条件下,生育期63.1 d,株高39.0 cm,百粒重4.6 g。不同光、温处理对其籽粒大小影响较小,而对株高和生育期影响较大。MiniMax的光周期敏感度和光温综合敏感度接近于中国北方春大豆早熟品种,而温度敏感度与黄淮夏大豆品种相当。在短日＋高温条件下,MiniMax的营养生长期及全生育期短、植株矮、籽粒小,可作为生长周期短、占地面积小的研究材料;而在长日＋高温条件下,其生育期长、植株高、占用空间大。在MiniMax中检测到与生育期相关的QTL 5个(FT 2-1、Pod mat 13-3、R7 2-2、R3 1-3和R7 1-3),与株高相关的QTL 5个(Pl ht 13-3、Pl ht 17-2、Pl ht 13-2、Pl ht 7-2和Pl ht 11-3),与籽粒大小相关的QTL 5个(Sd wt 6-4、Sd wt 7-3、Sd wt 10-1、Sd wt 12-3和Sd wt 13-8)。作者认为,MiniMax籽粒小,在适宜的光温条件下具有生育期较短、株高矮、占用空间小等特点,可作为大豆研究模式材料使用。