包衣稻种物理特性的试验研究

包衣稻种的物理特性是基于包衣稻种的播种机参数设计和性能分析的基础数据。选择了西南地区广泛种植的3个杂交水稻品种（Ⅱ优838、Ⅱ优多系57和岗优22）,对其包衣稻种的容积密度、粒子密度、恢复系数和漂浮系数等物理特性进行了试验研究。按照正交试验设计原理安排试验方案,并对结果进行了方差分析,找到了影响这些特性的主要因素及因素影响的显著性度。试验结果和分析表明：稻种状态（包衣与否）对容积密度影响显著,对漂浮系数影响比较显著,对籽粒密度和恢复系数影响较小;含水率对包衣稻种的容积密度、业粒密度和漂浮系数影响显著;品种对包衣稻种的物理特性影响较小。试验研究得到了包衣稻种在不同影响因素和各因素不同水平条件下物理特性的具体数值。     

内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域土壤水盐空间变异性研究

以河套灌区解放闸灌域的节水改造项目区作为研究对象,从统计特征值、半方差函数和克立格法绘制的分布图几个方面对比分析了节水改造前后的土壤水分和盐分的空间变异性。结果表明:2007年与2008年土壤水分和盐分可分别用球状模型和指数模型进行拟合,空间自相关距离表明二者具有中等强度的空间自相关性,且2008年土壤水分和盐分的相关性都大于2007年,2008年较2007年土壤水盐的空间变化趋于连续。对克里格插值结果分析可知:土壤水分和盐分在空间上的分布都具有明显的逐渐变化趋势,表现为相近值的局部聚集;而且2008年的土壤水分和盐分分布与2007年相比在较大的范围内颜色变化幅度小且较连续。通过对灌区节水改造前后大尺度采样分析,了解区域土壤水盐分布状况和空间变异情况,为灌区今后的节水灌溉、盐碱地分区治理、区域化水资源管理提供一定得理论依据。     

果树LAI快速检测的随机分布模型构建

目前对精确喷施机具本身研究较多,而对喷施对象—果树叶面积指数（LAI）的快速检测方面达不到与机具对接的要求。其中,LAI快速检测样机构建中,光学模型的构建是关键。针对果树具有单一、独立、冠层不规则、不均匀的特点,进行了计算机随机分布模型的仿真和LAI计算。基于从简单到复杂、一般到个别的原则,用VC语言构建了平面随机分布矩形叶子及其LAI测试界面。根据真实番石榴果树的具体参数如投影区域面积和叶宽度等进行匹配,构建随机分布计算分析模型,并应用在基于真树和人造树的虚拟番石榴树LAI计算中,得到虚拟果树阴影率的变     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)四月龄幼鱼雌雄性比及体重差异分析

利用解剖观察和石蜡组织切片法,对37个家系共计4022尾4月龄的大菱鲆幼鱼群体进行雌雄性别的鉴别和统计分析。发现其中雌性1596尾、雄性2426尾,雌雄性比为1:1.52,极显著偏离1:1的理论值(P<0.01)。在家系水平上,37个家系中有19个家系的雌雄性别比例显著偏离1:1 (P<0.05),其余18个家系雌雄性别比例偏离1:1,但不显著(P>0.05),但其中13个家系中雄性个体比例偏高。研究显示,在群体水平上,人工养殖条件下的4月龄大菱鲆已经出现雌雄性比偏离现象。从37个家系中随机选取20个家系(2254尾幼鱼)测量个体体重,利用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析。结果显示,4月龄大菱鲆雌雄个体体重无论在群体还是家系水平都表现为差异不显著。此分析结果表明,在大菱鲆选育过程中,在4月龄时进行的以体重为选育指标的选择不会对选育群体的性比偏离造成显著影响。本研究结果为大菱鲆性比偏离机制研究及良种选育工作提供了参考。     

Genetics of nitrate content in lettuce

Summary Adverse effects on human health makes the high nitrate content frequently found in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under low light conditions an undesirable trait. Efforts have been made to breed cultivars with a reduced capacity for nitrate accumulation. In this study components of variance for nitrate content were estimated in F₂ and F₃ generations of ten lettuce crosses. Additive genotypic variances (A) were estimated from F₃ variance components and from the covariance between F₂ plants and corresponding F₃ lines. Estimates of wide sense heritability of the F₂ from crosses between a high nitrate genotype and four low nitrate genotypes ranged from 0.44 to 0.74 and the estimates for A ranged from 0.25 to 0.40 g·l^-1. Estimated wide sense heritabilities of F₂'s from six crosses involving two low nitrate parents ranged from 0.15 to 0.52. The parents of four of the low nitrate crosses showed relatively large effects of genotype x environment (GE) interaction in successive experiments: the nitrate content of the parents reacted differently to environmental changes between experiments. Estimates of A for crosses between low nitrate genotypes without large effects of GE interaction ranged from 0 to 0.19 g·l^-1. The estimated probability of selecting transgressive low nitrate lines in the progeny of a cross between a high and a low nitrate genotype was low (P=0.002–0.039), indicating that large populations should be evaluated to combine the positive traits of modern high nitrate cultivars with low nitrate content from genotypes not adapted to modern cropping practices. In the progenies from crosses between two low nitrate genotypes without important GE effects, only low estimates of the probability of obtaining transgressive low nitrate lines were obtained (P=0.04–0.06). With the growth conditions used in this study, the probability of selecting lines with a nitrate content compatible under all winter conditions with the proposed future maximum permissible level of 2.5 g nitrate per kg fresh matter is low. Therefore the solution of this problem should be found in a combination of low nitrate cultivars and cultural measures that reduce the nitrate content of the crop.     

基于VAR模型的蛋鸡产蛋性能及其影响因素分析

蛋鸡产蛋性能指标包括产蛋率和合格鸡蛋的平均蛋重,该性能受蛋鸡个体、饲养管理、养殖环境、疫病等诸多因素影响.研究各因素对产蛋性能的影响及其时延效果对蛋鸡养殖过程管理十分重要.将蛋鸡的采食、饮水、环境温度和湿度作为主要影响因素,建立向量自回归(vector auto-regressive,VAR)模型,实现了产蛋率的中短期...     

托佩克（Topigs）种猪繁殖与生长性能分析

文章以Topigs三系配套种猪群体测定性能的测定数据为基础,对3个品系(A、B、E系)的繁殖性能和生产性能进行GLM(一般线型模型)方差分析,以最小二乘均数为性能值,比较年份、胎次、月份(季节)对产仔数、断奶数、初生窝重、断奶窝重、日增重、料重比和背膘厚的变化情况,以及3个品系在上述性状上的表现。结果显示,年份、季节、胎次均存在极大的差异,在年份上表现为与选育时间有关,在季节上表现为与夏季有关,在胎次上表现为产仔数差异不明显、断奶仔猪数逐胎下降。3个品系的结果显示,E系作为第二父本具有一定的优势,但作为第一父本的B系没有明显的优势。     

福建黄泥田肥力质量特征与最小数据集

黄泥田为福建省主要中低产田类型之一,约占水稻土面积的30%。为解析关键限制因子及开展黄泥田肥力质量评价,进而实施针对性的改良措施,采用配对采样方法,采集福建省20对典型黄泥田与邻近同一微地貌单元内高产灰泥田表层土壤,分析了两种土壤类型28项属性因子指标差异及其原因,并采用主成分分析等方法构建福建省黄泥田肥力质量评价因子最小数据集,通过加权指数法分别计算最小数据集土壤肥力质量指数与差异显著因子构成的重要数据集土壤肥力质量指数。结果表明,与灰泥田相比,黄泥田的有机质含量低19.1%,全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别低14.8%、29.9%和25.4%,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别低17.8%、56.7%和39.3%,CEC、交换性钙、交换性镁含量分别低12.9%、50.6%和30.8%,有效铁、有效硼和有效锌含量分别低25.6%、33.3%和44.1%。黄泥田的物理性黏粒、0.001 mm黏粒和容重分别较灰泥田高20.8%、25.6%和12.3%,而孔隙度低19.3%。黄泥田过氧化氢酶活性较灰泥田高20.4%,脲酶活性较灰泥田低40.4%。用主成分分析方法从上述19项有显著差异的因子构成的重要数据集中归纳出累计贡献率达76.22%并能反映黄泥田综合肥力特征的6个主成分,建立了由CEC、全钾、有效磷、有效硼和孔隙度5项因子组成的黄泥田肥力评价最小数据集,相应的黄泥田最小数据集土壤肥力质量指数仅相当于灰泥田的69.5%,通过与重要数据集的土壤肥力质量指数相关分析比较,最小数据集可代替重要数据集对福建省黄泥田土壤肥力质量进行正确评价。     

Genotype x environment interactions and optimum resource allocation for sugarcane yield trials in Swaziland

To account for genotype x environment (G x E) interactions, sugarcane varieties are tested in multi-environment trials (METs) across multiple crop-years and seasons (early vs. late) under fully irrigated conditions in Swaziland. This study aimed to quantify the main sources of variation relevant to the MET network, identify mega-environments, evaluate adaptability of imported sugarcane varieties, and optimize resource use within the testing network. Nine varieties (eight imported Mauritian and one South African variety) were tested at two sites (Mhlume – M and Simunye – S), harvested early (E) and late (L) in the season across five crop-years in replicated (8) Latin square designs. A linear mixed model analysis of cane yield (tons of cane per ha; TCH), sucrose content (SUC%), sucrose yield (tons of sugar per ha; TSH), and fiber content (FIB%) showed that variety x season interactions were highly significant (P < 0.001) and larger than variety x site interactions for most traits. Genotype + genotype x environment (GGE) biplots revealed clustering of environments into two mega-environments by season rather than by site. Two Mauritian varieties were superior in each of the early and late mega-environments. Broad-sense heritability (H²) for all traits was larger than 0.79, with the highest value observed for FIB% (0.89). Resource optimization analysis, using variance components, suggested that future testing be conducted at a single site, across two seasons, with replicate numbers >5, and harvested across approximately five crop-years. Strong variety x season interactions should be exploited more aggressively in irrigated sugarcane selection programs.     

福建将乐林场常绿阔叶次生林主要种群种间联结性研究

【目的】研究福建省将乐国有林场常绿阔叶次生林主要种群间的联结性,为探索植物群落演替及原生性植被类型的恢复提供依据,为该林场常绿阔叶次生林的可持续经营提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法,在福建将乐林场选取重要值较大的22个树种,利用种间联结指数VR研究群落的整体关联性;利用χ2检验、Pearson相关系数检验、Spearman秩相关系数检验分析种对间的联结性。【结果】该林场常绿阔叶次生林种间联结指数VR为1.014,主要种群总体呈现较弱的正关联。231个种对中,χ2检验结果显示,正、负关联的种对数分别为110和119对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.924;显著和极显著相关种对数占总数的11.3%。Pearson相关系数检验结果表明,正、负相关的种对数分别为77和153对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.503;显著和极显著相关的种对数占总数的7.4%。Spearman秩相关系数检验结果表明,正、负相关的种对数分别为100和129对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.775;显著和极显著相关的种对数占总数的13.9%。【结论】福建将乐林场的常绿阔叶次生林总体联结程度较小,22个主要树种种对间关系以负相关较多,种间关联性不明显,主要种群独立出现的概率较大。