大通老爷山阴坡·半阴坡野生观赏树木种群的空间分布格局

[目的]为了了解大通老爷山阴坡、半阴坡野生观赏树木种群的空间分布格局。[方法]用两项局部样方方差(TTLQV)法和成对样方方差(PQV)法对大通老爷山阴坡、半阴坡优势观赏植物山杨、白桦和青海云杉种群的空间分布格局进行了研究,并对格局的形成进行了分析。[结果]在现阶段这3个种群的个体都表现出明显的聚集分布特点,其中青海云杉的集聚程度最大,白桦的集聚程度最小,青海云杉和山杨的聚块呈均匀分布。此种格局的形成与种群的繁殖特性有关,种间对光资源的竞争则使格局的强度和纹理发生了进一步的变化。[结论]山杨、白桦和青海云杉3个种群的个体都呈集聚分布,整个群落的水平分布呈镶嵌状。     

用Monte—Carlo法计算电磁场

本文应用蒙特卡罗法计算复杂的三维电磁场。由于采用了一种既快速又能产生出较好统计性的“伪随机数”的算法，因而得到了较理想的结果。此外，本文还提供一个估计精度的公式，并指明改进精度估计的措施。     

水稻品系试验中遗传方差的刀切法估计

 通过水稻RC96（104个品系）,RC97A（48个品系）以及RC97B（128个品系）3个水稻品系比较3次重复试验结果,利用刀切法对遗传方差进行抽样估计分析,获得了在不同群体大小下的适宜抽样范围。     

加拿大一枝黄花的抑菌性研究

以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、米根霉和酿酒酵母为供试菌种,研究了加拿大一枝黄花叶提取物的抑菌性、最低抑菌浓度及与一些抗菌药品的抑菌性比较。结果表明:加拿大一枝黄花叶提取物对6种供试菌都有一定的抑制作用,抑制性大小顺序为枯草芽孢杆菌>大肠杆菌>酿酒酵母>黑曲霉>米根霉>金黄色葡萄球菌,对供试菌的最低抑菌浓度都在0.002 5 g/ml以下。提取物的抑菌效果与链霉素、四环素、氨苄西林等药品相差较大。     

Molecular characterization of chestnut plants selected for putative resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi using SSR markers

A set of nine short sequence repeat (SSR) loci was used for the molecular characterization of 32 accessions of 15 chestnut trees selected in the field because of their putative resistance to the ink disease caused by Phytophthora spp. The goal of the present study was to determine the genetic identity of those selected European chestnut trees (Castanea sativa) or interspecific hybrids, considering that hybridization programs between European chestnut and Asiatic species (mainly Japanese chestnut, Castanea crenata) have been carried out in Galicia (Spain) since the early 20th century. The results showed that the analyzed SSR loci were useful to discriminate three Asiatic and the European species of Castanea. The joint information provided by a factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) and the presence of privative alleles allowed the putative molecular assignment of the selected plants to a certain identity. Most of them were determined as hybrids between C. crenata and C. sativa. The individuals coded C036 and C048 were assigned, with a high probability, to C. sativa due to their clustering with accessions of this species and because they had a number of privative alleles of this species. Only a few individuals could not be assigned to any particular genotype.     

Evaluation of genetic trends and determination of the optimal number of cumulative records of parity required in reproductive traits in a Large White pig population

Genetic improvement of the reproductive performance of pigs is important for pig breeding despite their low heritabilities. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of selection concerning reproductive traits and to determine the optimal number of parity records required for accurate estimation of breeding values (BVs) in the open population of a commercial pig breeding company. The study used records of 2220 purebred Large White pigs (9845 litters) farrowed between 1998 and 2009 in the two herds of the Pacific Ocean Breeding Co. Ltd. The traits studied included farrowing interval (FI), total number of piglets at birth (TNB), average weaning weight per litter (AWW), and raising rate (RR). A statistical model was applied to the 4‐trait repeatability animal model. The heritabilities of FI, TNB, AWW and RR were low. The genetic trends in TNB (h² = 0.09) showed approximately 1.0 increase in 6 years from 2003 to 2008. The predicted error variances indicated that up to fourth parity records are necessary for accurate genetic evaluation. The present study results indicated that even reproductive traits with low heritability can be improved.     

基于人口学特征的外国旅游者出游推-拉力因素差异分析——以中国西北丝绸之路为例

以"推-拉理论"为基础,从人口学特征方面,运用单因素方差分析法分析中国西北丝绸之路的外国旅游者出游动机的推力和拉力差异,结果显示:不同客源地、性别、年龄、学历、收入结构的外国旅游者出旅动机的推力和拉力有显著差异.并根据样本研究结果提出中国西北丝绸之路国外旅游市场开发的建议.     

方差分析模型与灰色局势决策模型在农药试验分析应用中的比较研究

指出方差分析模型在试验分析应用中有其不可避免的局限性，通过方差分析模型与灰色局势决策模型的比较，认为这种局限性与农作物病，虫，草害药剂防治系统的灰色性密切相关。要克服这种局限性，必须树立灰色观念，以灰色思想和方法 认识和处理问题，而灰色理论和方法就目前来看也有其不足之处，需进一步深化完善。     

Model-based mean adjustment in quantitative germplasm evaluation data

Evaluation data from germplasm collections obtained across many years is often very unbalanced and sparse. For making efficient use of these data, it is desirable to compute summary statistics such as means. The simple arithmetic mean is not a useful measure, because due to the unbalancedness it may yield biased and thus misleading information. Some form of adjustment for diverging environmental effects is therefore needed. In this paper we advocate the use of a simple and well known least squares method to compute adjusted means. The method is exemplified using a published example on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).     

陆地棉种子物理性状的发育遗传研究

应用包含基因型×环境互作的二倍体种子遗传模型及非条件和条件的分析方法对子指、仁指、种仁率及种子容重的双列杂交两年数据进行发育遗传研究。结果表明 ,4个性状在各个时期均存在显著的直接、细胞质和母体方差 ,并以母体方差较大。条件遗传分析发现 ,在某些无法检测到非条件遗传方差的时期存在显著水平的条件方差。同一性状不同时期的相关分析表明 ,子指、仁指和种仁率在大部分时期存在显著的母体加性和母体显性相关。但种子容重各个发育阶段之间的母体相关系数几乎均为零。成对性状之间的相关研究表明 :种子容重和其它三个性状之间的大部分相关系数不显著 ;各成对性状在各时期存在显著的母体加性相关 ;性状间的相关程度及相关性质随着发育进程的改变而呈动态变化 ;性状最终时刻的相关表现无法完全体现在整个发育过程中的动态变化。