煤矿区土壤有机碳含量测算与影响因素研究进展

研究矿区土壤有机碳的储量、影响因素以及时空变异规律,不仅对认识矿区土壤质量变化规律,而且对排土场覆土工艺和植被类型的选择具有重要的指导意义。植被、土壤质量等自然因素以及复垦管理措施、复垦模式等人为干扰会对矿区土壤有机碳的积累和转化造成重要影响。目前,对于矿区土壤有机碳的变化过程和转化机理的研究不够深入,尤其是土壤有机碳对复垦措施的响应规律鲜见报道。本文系统梳理了国内外学者对矿区土壤样品有机碳含量的测量和区域土壤有机碳储量的估算,自然因素、人为干扰对矿区土壤有机碳积累的影响。在此基础上,提出了深入研究的方向:1加强矿区土壤有机碳剖面结构的变化及其转化机制的研究;2加强对影响土壤有机碳积累的不确定因素的探讨研究;3应加强复垦模式及覆土工艺以及排土场微地形对土壤有机碳积累机理的研究。     

矿车粘附机理及其清理技术

在对粘湿煤与矿车粘附机理及在低温下发生冻粘的机理进行分析的基础上，综述了目前煤矿所采取的防止湿煤粘附，冻粘的方法与技术情况，同时指出了各种方法与技术的优点与不足，并对煤煤矿车防粘防冻技术与方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

复垦土壤母质原始形成环境及化学特征分析

平朔安太堡露天煤矿排土场的排弃物料,由第四系黄土、第三系红粘土及石炭系、二迭系泥岩、砂泥岩、砂岩等构成,粒度不均,大小不一,这些物质构成了复垦土壤的母质。由于沉积时期的地质环境不同,而且剥采剖面厚达150余米,这样深厚岩土层的化学性质,矿物和元素组成差异较大。本文采用勘探钻孔资料与剥离岩土化学元素分析相结合的方法,分析了复垦土壤母质来源的地质背景、化学性状、元素组成,为合理、有效地重构高质量的复垦土壤和恢复植被提供科学依据。     

矿区生态环境脆弱性评价——以河南省新安县正村煤矿为例

构建了生态系统与生境、人类生存安全度、生态经济三大类指标体系,应用层次分析法确定了指标权重,利用综合指数法对项目区和对照区的评价指标分别进行了定量计算。得出矿区开发前后的生态环境发展趋势定量评价结果及由于矿山开发对生态环境影响的结论,并根据评价结果提出矿区生态环境保护的措施。     

The effect of lime and fertilizers on four lignite overburdens under non‐drained conditions: II. Weathering.

Abstract

Four lignite overburdens from a potential lignite mining area of Louisiana were used to evaluate the effect of rates of fertilizer, lime, plant growth and simulated poor drainage conditions on the weathering of these materials. Common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) grown on each overburden material in pots lined with polyethylene bags received 0, 1/2>x, 1x, 2x and 4x the recommended rate of fertilizer which was a combination of N, P and K. Lime was applied to the overburdens based on soil test lime requirement to increase the pH to 6.5.

Enrichment (fertilizers, non‐drained conditions and lime) had a significant effect on the weathering of the overburdens. The pH, EC, organic C, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na and Al were significantly affected by one or more of these parameters. Visual observations indicated that fertilizers stimulated root production, which effectively increased the weathering of the overburdens. Lime, applied as CaO, did not increase the pH of the Cow Bayou material substantially, suggesting the presence of pyrite, which was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. As pyrite oxidized in the Cow Bayou material, soluble salts accumulated on the surface of the material and on the lower parts of the plant. Gypsum and jarosite precipitated as the solution ionic strength of this material increased due to the weathering of the pyrite.

The Prairie Terrace overburden was selected as the best potential topsoil since it had more favorable physical and chemical characteristics which would promote successful reclamation. Reduced materials such as Cow Bayou and Naborton had undesirable physical and chemical properties. Changes in the chemical properties of these materials would be difficult to predict and soil amendments such as lime and gypsum would be needed in significant quantities for successful reclamation. Dolet Hills, a sandy material, had a less desirable texture and would require frequent irrigation and fertilization if it were used as a topsoil substitute.     

露天煤矿复垦地土壤呼吸的日变化研究——以平朔安太堡露天煤矿排土场为例

采用Li-6400便携式光合作用测量系统连接Li-6400-09土壤呼吸室对安太堡露天煤矿排土场土壤呼吸速率进行了测定。结果表明,该地区土壤呼吸日变化比较明显,呈现单峰型曲线,最大值出现在13:00—15:00,与土壤温度最大值同步,稍滞后于空气温度最大值;土壤湿度与土壤呼吸的相关性较差,在一定范围内,土壤呼吸随土壤湿度的升高而升高。     

理塘县金厂沟矿山环境恢复治理探讨

我国是一个矿产资源大国,丰富的矿产资源为我国的经济发展及生产建设提供了物质基础。可是我们在开采利用的过程中有不少盲目性,只着眼于眼前的短暂利益,而缺乏对矿山开采后的环境治理保护,致使矿山的生态失去平衡。本文以理塘县金厂沟金矿矿山为例,阐述了我国和四川省当前矿山开发产生的环境问题,并提出通过场地平整和草场恢复的方法,可使开采后的矿山环境得以改善。     

矿区产业转型期耕地利用与保护对策研究——以石家庄(井陉)矿区为例

矿区产业转型对耕地数量及质量均带来负面影响,随着工业集中化程度的提高,产业转型对耕地数量的影响最为明显。通过分析石家庄(井陉)矿区耕地利用与保护现状以及矿区产业转型对土地利用及耕地保护带来的影响,总结出处于产业转型期资源枯竭型地区耕地保护的对策,即通过科学编制土地利用总体规划及综合整治塌陷地,实现耕地数量与质量的保护。     

永城市陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价研究

为了采取指数和法和极限条件法对陈四楼煤矿土地复垦适宜性进行评价。以GIS软件为平台,利用河南省永城市土壤图、地形图、土地利用现状图进行空间叠加分析最终确定4个评价单元。依据研究区的自然、经济、社会现状和相关技术标准,确定了宜农、宜林、宜渔3个复垦方向的评价指标,然后采用指数和法和极限条件法对矿区复垦土地进行适宜性评价。结果表明：评价总面积为73.7 hm2,其中适宜农业种植用地面积为25 hm2,适宜林业种植用地面积为20 hm2,适宜渔业养殖用地面积为28.7 hm2。通过评价研究建立矿区土地复垦适宜性评价等级体系。     

Mine Water Aquaculture as an Economic Development Strategy

Abstract

This study involves a comprehensive economic analysis of mine water aquaculture. First, the costs and benefits are quantified using standard enterprise budgeting and feasibility techniques. Next, a price analysis is conducted to determine the underlying probability distribution and generate confidence intervals for use in planning purposes. Then, the relationships between mine sites and unemployment, and mine sites and tourism, respectively, are illustrated using a spatial analysis. Finally, the potential economic development impacts of growth in the aquaculture industry on statewide output, income, and employment are estimated. The results have implications for entrepreneurs and the aquaculture and coal industries in Appalachia and other parts of the US where coal mining can be linked to fish farming, water conservation, and recreation.