微波消解一氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定粤东地区海产品中砷的研究

[目的]建立一种测定海产品中微量砷的有效方法。[方法]采用微波消解一氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定了粤东地区海产品中砷的含量。[结果]砷在1．0-50．0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0．995,方法的检出限为0．02107μg/L,相对标准偏差为0．932％。部分海产品的含砷量超过国家标准,其超标原因可能与沿海地区的工业污染有关。[结论]该方法试剂用量少、污染小、简便、快速、准确,适于各类海产品中砷含量的检测。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定川牛膝中铅和镉

[目的]建立微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定凉山川牛膝中铅和镉元素含量的方法。[方法]用浓硝酸微波消解样品,选用10μl浓度2 g/LMg（NO3）2＋2 g/L NH4H2PO4和10μl浓度2 g/L NH4H2PO4作为基体改进剂,采用标准曲线法测定。[结果]采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定川牛膝中铅和镉含量RSD为4.5%~5.2%,回收率为95%~105%。经测定,凉山川牛膝牛含有铅5.24μg/g,镉1.29μg/g。[结论]采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定川牛膝中铅和镉含量方法简单、准确,结果令人满意。     

白兰叶挥发油提取方法及工艺条件研究

采用2种不同方法,即超声辅助提取法、微波辅助一水蒸气蒸馏法,对白兰叶的挥发油进行了提取。以白兰叶挥发油提取量为指标,通过正交实验设计优选提取工艺。研究表明,白兰叶挥发油的最佳提取工艺为微波辅助一水蒸气蒸馏法,其提取工艺条件为：微波功率480W、微波时间7min、提取时间5h、料液比1：10（g／mL）,此条件下挥发油提取率可达到0．81％。     

不同解冻方式对金枪鱼新鲜度的影响研究

金枪鱼营养物质丰富,但极易腐败,其新鲜度对金枪鱼的品质安全、运输储藏和加工都有重要意义,而解冻方式对其新鲜度有很大的影响。以不同解冻方式下金枪鱼的pH、K值、组胺含量的变化和电子鼻测定的鲜度值为指标,找出比较合适的解冻方式。在整个解冻过程中,pH呈现出减小的趋势,而组胺含量和K值则会随着解冻时间的延长而有所增加。结果显示,外部解冻中的温度梯度解冻和内部解冻中的超声波解冻能够较好地保持金枪鱼的新鲜度。     

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.     

早竹竹叶蛋白的微波提取工艺优化

该文以早竹竹叶为研究对象,p H7.8的磷酸缓冲溶液为提取剂,采用微波提取法,并用考马斯亮蓝染色法测定蛋白质含量,在料液比、提取时间、提取温度、微波功率等单因素试验的基础上,进行L9(34)正交试验设计,优化了微波提取早竹竹叶蛋白的工艺参数。结果表明:各因素对早竹竹叶蛋白质的提取率的影响顺序依次为:微波时间微波温度微波功率料液比。微波提取早竹竹叶蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1∶25,微波时间为8min,微波温度为54℃,微波功率为500W,在此最佳条件下,提取率为8.07%。     

Predicting moisture content and density distribution of Scots pine by microwave scanning of sawn timber

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of calibrating a prediction model for the moisture content and density distribution of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) using microwave sensors. The material was initially of green moisture content and was thereafter dried in several steps to zero moisture content. At each step, all the pieces were weighed, scanned with a microwave sensor (Satimo 9,4GHz), and computed tomography (CT)-scanned with a medical CT scanner (Siemens Somatom AR.T.). The output variables from the microwave sensor were used as predictors, and CT images that correlated with known moisture content were used as response variables. Multivariate models to predict average moisture content and density were calibrated using the partial least squares (PLS) regression. The models for average moisture content and density were applied at the pixel level, and the distribution was visualized. The results show that it is possible to predict both moisture content distribution and density distribution with high accuracy using microwave sensors.     

稻谷热风、微波干燥品质与玻璃化转变研究

以函数拟合、近红外检测及发芽率测定,研究稻谷热风、微波干燥的去水性能及其蛋白质、直链淀粉含量与出芽品质;结合TG/DSC测试,探讨2种热源干燥稻谷的玻璃化转变对其干燥后品质的影响。结果表明:以对数函数拟合稻谷热风、微波干燥去水性能的准确度高;经2种热源干燥稻谷的蛋白质、淀粉含量过程差异不显著;但热风干燥稻谷初期蛋白质含量差异明显。鲜稻谷发芽率显著低于其经热风、微波干燥后的发芽率,三者分别为0.65±0.19、0.93±0.03、0.77±0.02。随含水率降低,经热风、微波干燥稻谷的热重损失与热流则呈不同趋势变化,二者中点温度均减小,综合影响干谷品质。     

响应面优化黑豆总黄酮微波辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化性能评价

为优化微波提取黑豆总黄酮化合物的工艺,并对其抗氧化性进行初步研究,在单因素试验的基础上,选取液料比、乙醇体积分数和微波功率为自变量,总黄酮得率为响应值的三因素三水平的响应曲面分析法,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。结果表明:提取工艺的最佳条件为功率600 W、液料比40∶1、乙醇体积分数60%,在此条件下,总黄酮得率达到22.1 mg·g~(-1)。抑制油脂过氧化作用的研究结果表明黑豆黄酮是一种天然的抗氧化剂。     

微波提取巴戟天中草药中蒽醌含量的应用研究

[目的]优化微波提取巴戟天中蒽醌的提取工艺。[方法]以氯仿为溶剂,微波法提取中药材巴戟天中的蒽醌,以1,8-二羟基蒽醌为对照品,采用分光光度法测定其含量,正交试验研究料液比、提取功率、提取时间对蒽醌提取效果的影响,确定最佳提取条件,并与水浴加热回流法进行比较。[结果]各因素对蒽醌提取效果的影响由大到小依次为:料液比>提取功率>提取时间。与传统提取法相比,微波法分解速度快,试剂用量少,提取效率高,所测结果的准确度和精密度好,经t检验和F检验,2种方法的结果没有显著性差异。[结论]微波法提取巴戟天中蒽醌的最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶7(g/ml),提取功率616W,提取时间8min。