Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.     

Assessment of short-term mortality of granary weevil,Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) triggered by different microwave irradiation powers

Abstract

The insecticidal efficacy of microwave irradiation against the at 12, 24, 48 and 72?h following exposure to microwave irradiations (100, 300?W) and the progeny production was assessed 45?days later. Linearly increasing irradiation power range (100, 200 and 300?W) was set up for determining mortality tendency. An increase of insect mortality caused by higher irradiation period and times elapsed after treatment has become evident commencing from 12?h after the treatment, which has significantly decreased at later elapsed time after treatment. The irradiation periods inducing the highest mortality at the examined powers were at 10?min and at 100?W power (72?h: 64.93%) and at 4.5?min. and at 300?W power (12?h: 87.01). In addition, a complete suppression of progeny production was achieved by 4.5?min treatment at 300?W power. Lognormal-type mortality process was caused by the linearly increased irradiation range. The properly chosen microwave irradiation can be used for management of Sitophilus granarius larval and adult developmental stages. This treatment could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.     

Advances in DUS Test Technique for Coconut

As great progress has been made in the field of protection of new plant varieties, more attention is paid to the standardization of DUS （Distinctness, Unifor- mity, and Stability） test procedure. For further studies of tropical plants as their im- portance in agriculture and germplasm, protection of coconut becomes more signifi- cant and thus DUS test technique of coconut is needed. In this essay, we analyzed the status quo of the DUS test guidelines by International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants （UPOV proj.3） and national DUS test guidelines in Chi- na, and provided some suggestions or promotions for improving the guidelines of DUS test in coconut.     

宁远县水稻机械插秧优化配套技术研究

从栽培管理措施、产量及效益比较和机械插秧增产机理等方面介绍了宁远县丘陵山区水稻机械育插秧示范的基本情况,在此基础上总结了一套适宜在丘陵山区推广的水稻机械育插秧高产栽培技术,并提出了搞好宣传发动和技术培训工作、开展试验研究和推广示范等加快丘陵山区水稻机械插秧推广速度的措施建议。     

川优673示范种植表现及主要栽培技术

由福建省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的三系杂交稻川优673，具有高产、适应性广、抗逆性较强、米质较好等优点，于2009年通过福建省农作物品种审定，2010年通过国家农作物品种审定。介绍了川优673的主要特征特性，总结了川优673在顺昌县大干镇、永泰县盖洋乡示范片的种植表现及主要栽培技术。     

抗香蕉枯萎病品种宝岛蕉关键生产技术

结合相关文献及研究结果、农户经验，总结宝岛蕉组培、育苗及种苗辨别、蕉园建设、种植期安排、施肥管理、病虫害防治及催熟等关键生产技术。     

马尾松种植技术及经济效益分析

在我国林木种植中马尾松生长在气温较高的地区，同时其分布范围相对较广。本文主要针 对马尾松种植技术和经济效益进行了分析。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定农产品中的锗

采用微波消解处理农产品样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定Ge,简单快速,检出限低。选用103Rh为内标,采用校正方程消除质谱干扰,经国家一级标准物质验证,方法准确度和精密度均满足实际样品分析的要求,回收率达到90%～110%。     

杂交稻圣优996主要特征特性及栽培技术要点

圣优996系福建科力种业有限公司与南平市农业科学研究所育成的中籼三系杂交稻新品种，2014年通过福建省品种审定。建阳市引进圣优996种植，观察了其主要特征特性，总结出高产栽培技术要点，为大面积推广应用做好技术储备。