帕米尔松田鼠杀灭试验

本文采用４种磷化锌毒饵对帕米尔松田鼠进行灭效试验，结果发现胡萝卜毒饵适口性最好，灭效差异极显著。作者认为使用胡萝卜磷化锌毒饵消灭帕米尔松田鼠是可行的。     

东方田鼠组织与血清中抗日本血吸虫相关蛋白的分离与筛选

本试验以兔、牛、人及感染日本血吸虫后小鼠血清蛋白为对照,分别提取东方田鼠和小鼠的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肌肉、皮肤、骨髓和脑组织蛋白,进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,综合比较和筛选东方田鼠组织及血清中潜在的抗日本血吸虫相关蛋白组分。结果表明,随着感染日龄的增加,小鼠在感染日本血吸虫后12和45 d,其血清中85 ku附近蛋白质条带较东方田鼠表达量明显上调,且有继续升高的趋势;东方田鼠肝脏及血清中150 ku组分蛋白电泳条带与其他动物相同组织中相应蛋白质在表达量存在显著差异,蛋白质表达丰度高,该蛋白质组分可能与东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫作用相关。     

应用模糊聚类评价布氏田鼠为害等级

由于各地环境条件和布氏田鼠密度与种群分布格局的差异,其为害程度很难用统一的数量化指标加以评价,造成了准确测报该鼠为害水平的困难。本文试采用模糊聚类的方法,结合该鼠数量、分布格局以及多项环境因子的定性、定量指标加以综合分析,依其聚类结果可进行该鼠为害等级的全面评价,根据作者收集的20组数据的微机处理,表明这种方法可进行大区域不同环境条件下的为害等级评价,具有良好的应用前景。     

Hepatitis E virus in Common voles (Microtus arvalis) from an urban environment,Hungary: Discovery of a Cricetidae‐specific genotype of Orthohepevirus C

Hepatitis E virus is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. Despite its zoonotic potential, there is limited information about the natural chain of hepevirus infection in wildlife, and the potential reservoir species. In this study, we performed a HEV survey by heminested RT‐PCR on rodent samples from an urban environment (in the city of Pécs, Hungary) and investigated the prevalence of the virus among these native rodent species (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus). HEV was detected exclusively in Common voles (M. arvalis), in 10.2% of screened voles, and 3.2% of all investigated samples from all species. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, our strain showed the closest homology with European Orthohepevirus C strains detected previously in faecal samples of birds of prey and Red fox, supporting the possibility of the dietary origin of these strains. In addition, our samples showed close phylogenetic relation with a South American strain detected in Necromys lasiurus (Cricetidae), but separated clearly from other Muridae‐associated strains, suggesting the presence of a Cricetidae‐specific genotype in Europe and South‐America. Based on these results, we hypothesize the reservoir role of M. arvalis rodents for the European Cricetidae‐specific Orthohepevirus C genotype.     

From biology to management of Savi's pine vole (Microtus savii)

Savi's pine vole (Microtus savii) is a rodent species of the Cricetidae family, inhabiting southern European agroecosystems. It is considered to be the main cause of rodent‐attributed damage in Italy. To achieve an effective management, detailed knowledge of this species is needed. However, the available information about this species is fragmentary and incomplete. In this paper, the existing knowledge of Savi's pine vole taxonomy, reproduction, population dynamics, habitat and food preferences is reviewed in order to organise available information and identify priority areas of future research. Some of the changes in farming practices that have occurred in recent decades may have increased the impact of Savi's pine vole populations in crop fields. To manage this pest species effectively, an integrated strategy is recommended (involving habitat management, trapping and, when appropriate, the use of rodenticides). The apparent lack of cyclical population outbreaks and the relatively small litter size and long gestation and interpartum period of this species suggest that it could be more manageable than other vole species, while its strict herbivorous diet, stable population size in open habitats and wide distribution seem to indicate it as an ideal model species for risk assessment studies. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

应用Leslie矩阵对布氏田鼠种群数量的模拟分析

采用Leslie矩阵对内蒙古太仆寺旗草原的布氏田鼠作了种群动态模拟分析.结果表明:①该模型数值模拟的准确率达到87.7%.②矩阵特征值λ既表达了在调查时段种群达到稳定增长状态的周限增长率,又可作为衡量种群变动趋势的指标:当λ＞1.232时布氏田鼠种群处于上升期,当λ趋于1.232时种群处于高峰期,当λ＜1时种群处于下降期.③不同增长期的年龄结构与繁殖率的差异显著,在种群上升期,幼鼠比例明显高于高峰期和下降期.④在上升期,繁殖率为关键因子;在高峰期和下降期的关键因子是存活率.     

幼年东方田鼠长江亚种对苔草的取食研究

为了解食物对东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)种群的影响,笔者对洞庭湖幼年东方田鼠取食苔草进行研究,为了解东方田鼠种群增长提供基础,为东方田鼠综合管理提供参考。使用洞庭湖东方田鼠在洲滩环境的主要食物——苔草(Carex brevicuspis),在人工饲养条件下对20~30 日龄不同性别东方田鼠进行饲喂。结果表明：喂食1 周苔草后,雌性幼鼠体重明显下降(P<0.05),而雄性幼鼠体重略有增加,不显著(P>0.05);雌性幼鼠单位取食量和单位排泄量均稍高于雄性幼鼠,但差异不明显(P>0.05)。研究认为,在生长发育阶段,雌性幼鼠比雄性幼鼠对环境及食物的要求更高,单一食物会造成幼年雌鼠营养不良。     

贝奥不育剂林间防治效果调查

贝奥不育灭鼠剂是一种新型的植物源灭鼠剂,来源于天然植物雷公藤。2007年在内蒙古大兴安岭林区,分别采取6 m×6 m,7 m×7 m,8 m×8 m和10 m×10 m的不同投药方式,对棕背Clethrionomys rufocanusSundevall和莫氏田鼠Microtus maximowicziiSchrenck进行了林间防治试验,结果表明莫氏田鼠的适口性较好,盗食率达到75%以上,而棕背最高盗食率仅为10.1%。对莫氏田鼠采取10 m×10 m的投药方式(3 450 g/hm2)可达到较好的控制效果。     

增效溴敌隆对几种害鼠的毒杀作用

本文涉及一种抗凝血增效灭鼠剂的研制和应用.该灭鼠剂是以溴敌隆为主剂、以双氯芬酸钠、丙三醇等为辅剂,可制成液剂和粉剂.经生物测定表明,对大白鼠、小白鼠、褐家鼠、大仓鼠和布氏田鼠均有很好的毒效,毒杀率基本达到100％,且适口性良好.现场试验对褐家鼠防效达96％以上.该药中溴敌隆含量为0.002％时,防效与0.005％溴敌隆相当起到了增效的作用,降低了成本,减少了环境污染,保证了人畜安全.     

中国东方田鼠生物生态学研究进展

采用4亚种分类系统(东北亚种Microtusfortispelliceus、指名亚种M.f.fortis、长江亚种M.f.calamorum和福建亚种M.f.fujiandensis),对中国东方田鼠(M.fortis)生物生态学研究现状进行了综述。①中国东方田鼠的分类地位有争议,乌苏里江亚种(M.f.pelliceus)是否属于东方田鼠仍有待进一步研究;迄今为止,对长江亚种进行的研究较多,而对其它亚种的研究甚少。②从南部到北部都有东方田鼠分布,多栖息在低海拔地区,偏爱湿地生境。③该鼠主要以草本植物的绿色部分为食,为农林害鼠,化学防治东方田鼠采用敌鼠钠盐和复方灭鼠剂88-1对人畜比较安全,汛期还可结合物理方法对迁入洞庭湖稻田区的东方田鼠进行灭杀。④从南到北胎仔数、怀孕率有增加的趋势,繁殖期逐渐缩短。⑤沼泽扩展导致东方田鼠种群数量增加,而湖面围垦致使其数量下降。⑥该鼠昼夜均活动,但季节间存在差异,有季节性迁移行为,雌雄鼠均具有杀幼行为。