贵州地方猪BF基因的群体遗传特性分析

以BF基因为候选基因,利用PCR和直接测序技术对贵州白香猪、可乐猪、大约克猪3个品种共95个个体BF基因外显子15、16、17的733 bp进行多态性分析,并对不同品种进行群体遗传学分析。结果显示:在第16外显子45 bp处存在A→C的碱基突变,命名为BF-exon16-A45C,导致编码的氨基酸由谷氨酸(Glu)突变为天冬氨酸(Asp);在贵州白香猪和可乐猪群体内均检测到AA、AC和CC三种基因型,在大约克猪群体内只检测到AC和CC两种基因型,贵州白香猪处于低度多态,可乐猪和大约克猪处于中度多态。经χ2适合性检验表明:贵州白香猪在该位点偏离了Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡状态,可乐猪和大约克猪均处于Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡状态。     

Genetic characterization of Portuguese brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and comparison with other European populations

Abstract– Allozyme and other protein loci were examined to study the genetic structure of Portuguese brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) populations. A total of 247 individuals from three tributaries of the Lima hydrological basin and a hatchery, all located in northern Portugal, were analyzed. Four of 22 protein coding loci were found to be polymorphic: CK-A1^*, GPI-A2^*, MPI-2^* and TF^*. A new allelc at the latter locus was found in Atlantic populations. The data obtained for Portuguese brown trout were compared with published data for 14 European populations and three hatchery stocks. Six polymorphic loci (CK-A1^*, GPI-A2^*, GPI-B2^*, LDH-C^*, ME^* and MPI-2^*) were used in a cluster analysis. This showed the similarity of Portuguese natural populations and northern Iberian populations and that Portuguese hatchery fish have an autochthonous origin, distinct from that of other Atlantic hatchery stocks.     

欧氏和玛氏对盲囊线虫线粒体nad1基因部分序列的比较研究

欧氏对盲囊线虫(Contracaecum ogmorhini)和玛氏对盲囊线虫(Contracaecum margolisi)是属于欧氏对盲囊线虫复合种中的两个种，前来自于南半球，后来自于北半球，二在地理分布和宿主特异性方面均有明显的不同。本研究用γ^33P对引物进行标记，通过聚合酶链式反应一单链构象多态性(PCR—SSCP)分析和DNA序列分析技术对来自南半球两个不同地理种群的欧氏对盲囊线虫和北半球种群的玛氏对盲囊线虫在线粒体NADH脱氢酶亚单位Ⅰ基因(nad1)部分序列的差异及种群遗传关系进行了研究。结果显示：南半球两个种群的序列相似性很高，而北半球种群与南半球种群的序列相似性则相对较低，它们之间had1部分序列种间遗传差异大于种内，且存在着2个可作为区分两的遗传标记。种群遗传关系分析也表明：北半球的玛氏对盲囊线虫种群作为一个独立的新种而区别于南半球的两个欧氏对盲囊线虫种群。     

山丹马6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的多态性研究

用淀粉凝胶电泳及琼脂覆盖技术对山丹马的血液红细胞6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的电泳变异进行了测定。在6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶座位发现了3种表现型,即FF,FD和FS,其频率分别为0.958,0.021和0.021。在葡萄糖磷酸异构酶座位发现了两种表现型,即II和FI,其频率分别为0.771和0.229。等位基因频率直接通过表型计算出:PGDF为0.979,PGDD为0.0104,PGDS为0.0104;GPIF为0.1146,GPII为0.8854。亲子关系排除概率在6PGD和GPI座位点分别为0.1009和0.0912。两座位的个体识别概率分别为0.081和0.353。     

Association of aster yellows subgroup 16SrI-B phytoplasmas with a disease of Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea

A new phytoplasma disease of Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurea was observed in the Czech Republic in 1998. Infected plants showing severely proliferating shoots, leaves reduced in size with vein clearing and chlorosis, shortened internodes and virescent petals died in advanced stages of the disease. Electron microscopy examination of the ultra-thin sections revealed the presence of numerous polymorphic bodies in phloem tissue of leaf midribs and petioles. The disease was successfully transmitted from infected plant via a dodder bridge into periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ). The phytoplasma aetiology of this disease was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primers R16F2/R16R2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplification products indicated the presence of aster yellows related phytoplasmas (16SrI-B) in naturally infected samples of R. glutinosa var . purpurea and in symptomatic periwinkle after dodder transmission of the agent. A comparison of the amplified sequence with 17 sequences available in the GenBank confirmed the classification of the phytoplasma in the subgroup 16SrI-B. This is the first report of natural occurrence of phytoplasma-associated disease in R. glutinosa var. purpurea.     

Milk Protein Polymorphism in Kangayam Cattle

This paper reports the milk protein polymorphism, the allele frequencies of variants and the possible linkages among various combinations of milk protein phenotypes in the Kangayam cattle of south India. Milk samples from 156 Kangayam cows were typed by starch gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for caseins and whey proteins, respectively. All the four milk protein components studied, _s1-casein, -casein, -lactoglobulin and -lactalbumin, exhibited polymorphism with high allele frequencies of 0.9231±0.0151 for _s1-casein C, 0.9263±0.0148 for -casein A, 0.9135±0.0159 for -lactoglobulin B and a relatively high frequency of 0.6218±0.0275 for -lactalbumin A. The mean heterozygosity estimated over all the four milk protein loci was 0.2420. Genetic equilibrium was observed among all the loci studied, except -lactalbumin. Linkage analysis confirmed the non-independence between _s1- and -caseins and between caseins and -lactalbumin phenotypes.     

微卫星标记与丝羽乌骨鸡产蛋性能的关系研究

从鸡的遗传图谱中选择9个与产蛋性能相关的微卫星基因座,对在产蛋性能上有明显差异的丝羽乌骨鸡个体共170只进行标记基因型与产蛋性状的最小二乘分析,结果表明：有4个标记G31913、X82867、Z95315、G01672与丝羽乌骨鸡的4个月连产蛋量、开产蛋重及500日龄产蛋量间存在显著的关系。标记G31913中基因型AB所对应的开产体重最小二乘均值与其它基因型的对应值间的差异达显著或极显著,开产蛋重间无显著差异。标记Z95315的基因型CC所对应开产蛋重、开产体重最小二乘均值最高,并且均显著高于其余8种基因型所对应的开产蛋重、开产体重最小二乘均值。标记G01672基因型为EE、AE所对应开产蛋重最小二乘均值与基因型为CE、CC的对应值间差异显著;等位基因E与开产蛋重有显著正相关,等位基因C与开产蛋重有显著负相关。标记X82867基因型CD所对应500日龄产蛋量最小二乘均值显著低于AB型,4个月连产蛋量、300日龄产蛋量也低于基因型为AB个体。研究表明,标记G31913的基因型AB和标记Z95315的基因型CC有望作为开产蛋重、开产体重早期选择的辅助标记。     

波尔山羊FSHR5’端序列的SNP多态性及超排效果分析

为探索波尔山羊超排个体排卵数差异与个体遗传特性的相关性,对波尔山羊的FSHR基因(950 bp),分成四段分别设计引物进行PCR-SSCP多态性分析,结果发现一个SNP位点,导致5-’1出现两种基因型。序列分析显示该突变位点位于转录起始点上游-739bp处,属于远端转录启动调控区。统计分析表明AA型个体的平均排卵数与AB型个体的平均排卵数差异极显著(P<0.01),平均胚胎可利用率差异显著(P<0.05),这说明个体的超排潜力可能与其本身的FSHR基因的遗传特性有关。     

Characterization of polymorphisms of transferrin receptor and their association with susceptibility to ETEC F4ab/ac in pigs

Diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing F4 (F4ab, F4ac and F4ad) fimbriae is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn and weaned pigs. The locus controlling susceptibility towards ETEC F4ab/ac has been mapped to SSC13q41, in which TFRC (transferrin receptor) was localized and considered as a positional candidate gene for ETEC F4ab/ac receptor. In this study, we determined susceptibility/resistance to ETEC F4ab/ac in a total of 755 F2 animals from a White Duroc x Erhualian intercross using a microscopic enterocyte adhesion assay. We identified two TFRC polymorphisms (SNPs 591 A>G and 632 A>G) in a single exon after comparative sequencing analysis of 2371-bp amplicons containing the complete coding region of TFRC using RNA of eight full-sib F2 animals with susceptible and resistant phenotypes. The intron sequences flanking the two exon polymorphisms were obtained, revealing an intron polymorphism (SNP 291 C>T). We genotyped the 19 founder animals of the White Duroc x Erhualian intercross for the identified polymorphisms, showing that only the 291 C>T polymorphism is a highly informative marker. We further genotyped all 59 F1 and 755 F2 animals for the 291 C>T polymorphism, and the association of this polymorphism with susceptibility/resistance to ETEC F4ab/ac in these F2 animals was evaluated by the transmission disequilibrium test. The result showed that the 291 C>T polymorphism is not a causal mutation, however, has a significant linkage disequilibrium with the ETEC F4ab/ac, especially F4ac receptor locus.     

五指山猪小群体遗传学检测

本研究利用26个微卫星基因座对中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所保种场的五指山猪小群体58个样本进行了遗传学检测,用非变性(中性)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,统计了群体平均基因纯合率、等位基因数,利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)。统计结果:全群平均基因纯合率为66.5%;平均多态信息含量、平均观测杂合度为、平均期望杂合度分别为0.807、0.338、0.835;每个位点平均等位基因数为11.92,此结果说明该群体虽然近交程度较高,但仍具有丰富的遗传多样性,遗传变异较大。