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21.
本文结合大兴安岭地区的实际情况,以实施“天保工程”为出发点,分析了转产项目建设面临的诸多问题,并提出了改革建议和转产项目开发建设应遵循的原则及发展方向。 相似文献
22.
M. Duru 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(5):401-412
For management purposes, models of lamina digestibility (DW) that are thermal time driven (Tsum) fail to account for plant nitrogen status (0 < Ni < 1) and defoliation intensity (residual sheath height: Sr). The objective of this paper was to enrich them using a functional processed-based model, which assumes that the decline in DW over time depends on the metabolic : structural tissue ratio and plant ageing. An experiment combining two N fertilizer rates and two defoliation regimes (differences in Sr) for two spring and two summer regrowth was done to analyse DW of laminae (youngest fully expanded) and tiller (whole green lamina) levels. For laminae, we show that both processes contribute to explain the decline in DW at a rate that depends on Ni but not on Sr. For tillers, consistent results were found justifying the use of a simple model: DW = f(+Ni; −Ni × Tsum; −Sr). Two different databases (from experiment and commercial farms) were used for validation: RMSD varied from 35 to 49 g kg−1. The process-based model strengthened the empirical model and improved the comprehensiveness of how management practices change DW. We used both models to create applications for reasoning yield in function of herbage mass in complement than in function of time. 相似文献
23.
The reduced nutrient and water availability of the sorption‐weak silty sand soil in Thyrow when compared with the loamy sand soil in Berge enhanced the negative effects of unfavourable weather conditions. Winter wheat reacted to weather conditions and soil quality substantially more sensitively than winter triticale, so that the cultivation of wheat on very light sandy soil is combined with a higher risk. Reduced yields resulting from site differences are, for both cereals, mainly a result of reduced ear densities. Low grain yields as in the dry year 2003 led to high crude protein contents, this being more pronounced for winter wheat than for triticale and on the poor silty sand soil in Thyrow to a greater degree than on the loamy sand soil in Berge. For the starch content the contrary holds true. Grain yields were, to a greater extent, decisive for the protein and starch yields than the content values. For both cereals, the sedimentation value, the wet gluten value, the gluten index and the falling number resulted in principally higher values in the dry year 2003 and on the loamy sand soil when compared with the wet year 2004 and the silty sand soil. Only the wet gluten content was not clearly influenced by soil quality. All parameters describing bread‐making quality are clearly lower for winter triticale than for winter wheat. Especially, the falling number was not satisfactory, so that the tested triticale varieties seem only to be suitable for bread‐making by mixing with wheat flour. The internal grain quality of winter wheat varieties is extensively genetically determined. Weather and soil‐induced variations in the quality parameters were, with only few exceptions, greater for winter wheat than for triticale. 相似文献
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25.
研究种子、水质和不同取材部位对白藜芦醇含量的影响,并初步探讨花生芽内白藜芦醇的分子结构类型。采取紫外分光光度法测白藜芦醇含量,首先选择2种花生种子,一是到成熟期收获的种子,一是成熟期后延期半月收获的种子,对比二者萌发后白藜芦醇的含量;花生芽培养期间,使用纯净水和配制的营养水,对比花生芽内白藜芦醇含量的变化;生长初期,取1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 cm长的胚轴及子叶测其含量;酶解花生芽2,3,4,5 cm胚轴,检测酶解后白藜芦醇含量。结果表明,酶解后的白藜芦醇比酶解前含量增加;胚轴在3 cm时含量最高,子叶在胚轴1 cm时含量最高;水质对白藜芦醇无明显影响,而延长收获期,对白藜芦醇含量有明显影响。白藜芦醇有糖化形式存在,花生芽培养用纯净水,使用延期收获的种子,选取3cm左右到胚轴或整株,即可得到经济实效的花生芽。 相似文献
26.
B. K. Epperson 《New Forests》1992,6(1-4):257-278
The spatial pattern and structure of genetic variation are important aspects of the population genetics of forest stands. Combined with limits to seed and pollen dispersal, spatial structure affects the level of inbreeding and the action of natural selection. The genetic constitution of stand regeneration, following different forestry practices, is also influenced by spatial structure. For example, natural regeneration with seed trees involves sampling seed trees from a stand that may be genetically nonhomogeneous. This paper reviews theoretical and empirical results on spatial patterns of genetic variation, produced under limited gene flow and selection, in terms of recently developed spatial statistics (e.g., spatial autocorrelation). Genetic correlations in samples from spatially structured populations are also described, as well as how spatial samples can be used to characterize the structure of genetic variation, and how inferences can be made about (spatially distributed) components of fitness and yield. 相似文献
27.
Under extensive grazing, a mosaic pattern of frequently defoliated short patches and rarely defoliated tall patches is often formed. The agronomic and ecological consequences of this patch‐grazing pattern strongly depend on its stability between successive years. We assessed patch structure and temporal stability under three intensities of cattle stocking (moderate, lenient and very lenient) in a cattle grazing experiment established in 2002. Aerial images of the whole area taken in 2005, 2010, 2013 and 2015 were classified into short and tall patches using random forest classification. These were complemented by annual sward height measurements (2007‐2017) at 10 permanent plots per paddock, which were classified into sward height classes. The mean proportion (0.72, 0.32, 0.19) and size of short patches decreased with stocking intensity, while size of tall patches increased. Inter‐annual stability depended on patch type and stocking intensity and was particularly high for the respective dominant patch type. Of the short patch area in 2015, 0.62, 0.29 and 0.30 were classified as short in all four aerial images under moderate, lenient and very lenient grazing, respectively; the corresponding proportions for tall patches were 0.10, 0.53 and 0.65. Our results imply that short and tall patches experience persistent differences in local grazing intensity over extended periods. The long‐term effects of this heterogeneity on soil properties and vegetation composition need to be monitored to assess agronomic sustainability and ecological potential of patch‐grazed pastures. 相似文献
28.
Polypore communities were compared between mature managed, overmature managed, and old-growth spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland. A total of 85 polypore species, with 6000 records, were found in 16 sample plots, each 4 ha in size. Old-growth stands had on average 80% more species than mature stands, and 38% more species than overmature managed stands. Variation in polypore species richness was best explained by diversity of dead wood and the number and volume of dead trees. The best predictor for the number of threatened polypore species was the number of cut stumps. Threatened species were practically confined to old-growth forests and to stands in which the amount of dead wood exceeded 20 m3/ha. This figure appears to represent a stand-level threshold value for the amount of dead wood, below which the persistence of threatened species becomes unlikely. Our results suggest that a significant increase in the amount of dead wood (e.g. by leaving large retention trees and even by killing trees) is needed in managed forests before they become suitable habitats for threatened polypores. 相似文献
29.
30.
应用分室理论建立森林结构调整模型 ,并以此分析、预测建阳市森林结构中林种、地类等 1 4个因子的动态变化状况。预测结果表明 :建阳市森林结构已向良性状态发展 ,但与建阳市林业远景规划目标相比仍有差距 相似文献