冀东地区饲草中微量元素含量研究

通过火焰原子吸收光谱法对冀东地区常见的22种饲草中铁、铜、锰、锌4种微量元素含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,饲草中4种微量元素的含量范围分别为:铁27.87～1120.33mg/kg,铜3.53～73.69mg/kg,锰3.58～231.02mg/kg,锌2.20～104.50mg/kg,4种元素的平均含量为:铁152.49mg/kg,铜12.70mg/kg,锰101.70mg/kg,锌76.24mg/kg,冀东地区饲草中微量元素的含量存在明显的品种差异和地域差异。     

辽宁省昌图县典型耕地棕壤有效态微量元素含量评价

[目的]为制定适合辽宁省昌图县的施肥方式提供理论依据。[方法]结合室外调查和室内分析研究辽宁省昌图县典型耕地棕壤中有效态微量元素的现状。[结果]该地区的有效铁、锰、铜和锌的含量变化较大,其中双井子镇的有效锌含量低至（0.29±0.24）mg/kg。该地区有效硼、铁、锰、铜和锌的含量分别为（0.73±0.35）、（28.00±11.90）、（33.96±8.58）、（1.46±0.42）和（1.21±0.59）mg/kg。该地区锌含量的变异度最高,其变异系数达48.81%,锰含量的变异度最低,其变异系数为25.28%。该地区土壤中有效硼和锰的含量较高,73.82%的地区有效硼含量达高量水平,94.55%的地区有效锰含量达高量水平 有效铁和铜的含量较适中 土壤中的有效锌较缺乏,89.93%的地区有效锌含量为缺乏,仅有0.31%的土壤中有效锌含量达高量水平。[结论]该地区土壤中有效锌缺乏严重,应多注意补充有效锌肥。     

石榴籽中微量元素含量及挥发油成分分析

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和气质联机测定了不同石榴籽中微量元素的含量和挥发油成分。结果表明,同一地区不同石榴籽中微量元素的含量和挥发油组分存在明显差异。     

Trace and nutrient elements in manure, dung and compost samples in Austria

In Austria, farm animals are estimated to produce about 20×10⁶ ton of excrements annually. In order to predict possible changes of the inorganic compositions of the target soils from various organic fertilizers, mean compositions of excrements, composts and sewage sludges have been compiled on a dry weight basis. Although the high amounts of K and P were beneficial, there were some high concentrations of Na in biogas residues and pig manures. Intense additions of Cu, Zn, and Se are reflected in high loads in the respective excrements, and these amounts in some instances exceeded the threshold limits for soil contamination. Selenium addition to arable soils can be regarded as beneficial, however, as Austria is a low Se area. Composts and sewage sludges were higher in Al and lithophilic trace elements than were the excrements. Factor analysis traced phosphates as the main source of Cd. Cr in processed matrices was significantly higher, and abrasion from tools should be considered in future investigations. Other unwanted trace elements, like Ni, Pb, As and Hg, were found at a rather low concentration.     

沼气厌氧发酵生物催化剂研究进展与展望

综述了国内外厌氧发酵用多功能催化剂(如微生物、酶、营养物质、吸附剂、消泡剂、螯合剂及染料等)的研究进展,强调了催化剂在厌氧发酵中的作用,讨论了沼气发酵菌群、工艺控制和系统处理废弃物等方面的关键问题,突出了使用催化剂的技术优势,并对催化剂在厌氧发酵中应用的未来发展趋势进行了展望。沼气的生产不仅使生物质资源得到深度开发和循环利用,而且实现了废弃物无害化处理及多层次的资源化利用,变废为宝、化害为利,对解决人类社会所面临的能源危机和环境污染具有重大的意义。     

氨基酸螯合盐在动物营养中的研究进展

氨基酸螯合盐作为第三代微量元素添加剂已在生产中逐渐推广应用．本文就氨基酸螯合盐对动物营养的作用机理、合成制备工艺、性质鉴定以及近年来国内外对氨基酸螯合盐在动物营养中的研究与应用现状作一综述，同时对今后的深入研究与应用中值得引起重视的问题提出一些看法，以求进一步提高氨基酸螯合盐的利用效果．     

Water deficit and polyethylene glycol 6000 affects morphological and biochemical characters of Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.)

The effects of water deficit and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 on the growth and content of essential oil, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, proline, macroelements (N–P–K) and microelements (Mg–Zn–Fe–Mn) of Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.) plants were investigated. Water deficits of 80% and 40% of field water capacity decreased certain growth characters (total leaf area, leaf number, and total fresh and dry mass). The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, total carotenoids) and mineral content (N–P–K–Mg–Zn–Fe–Mn) also decreased as water deficit level increased. Water deficit promoted the accumulation of essential oil content and its main components (methyl eugenol, isomenthone and limonene) as well as total soluble sugars and proline contents. The water deficit × PEG 6000 interaction was greater than water deficit treatments alone on all plant growth characters assessed.     

文山烟区植烟土壤有效态微量元素特征研究

[目的]研究文山烟区植烟土壤有效态微量元素的丰缺特征,为烤烟生产均衡施肥提供科学依据。[方法]对文山州134个耕层土样的主要微量元素有效态含量进行分析。[结果]文山州土壤有效Cu、Fe、Mn含量丰富,平均含量分别为2.05、36.44和44.84 mg/kg;有效Zn含量为2.13 mg/kg,总体上属于中等水平,但各区域变幅较大:各烟区土壤的有效态微量元素含量以丘北县和广南县较为缺乏,砚山县含量较高,其余4县(市)含量中等;有效B含量为0.36 mg/kg,属于较低水平,全州普遍缺B,分别有58.96%的土壤缺乏和26.12%的土壤严重缺乏。[结论]文山州植烟土壤有效态微量元素丰缺水平差异较大,需针对各元素丰缺特点制订相应的施肥措施。     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定粟米草中微量元素

采用微波消解处理粟米草,运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粟米草中4种微量元素的含量。通过对仪器参数进行优化,经过样品消解剂筛选,建立了粟米草中微量元素的微波消解-原子吸收光谱测定方法。结果表明：粟米草中有益微量元素含量丰富,其中Cu、Mn、Fe、历含量分别为14．55、128．50、2650．00、68．63μg／g;加标回收率在92．50％-113．75％。实验建立的微波消解方式及原子吸收光谱条件简单、快速、灵敏、准确,亦可为其他中草药的微量元素测定提供参考,同时为进一步探讨粟米草微量元素与功效关系提供理论依据。