In vivo control and in vitro antifungal activity of rhamnolipid B,a glycolipid antibiotic,against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum orbiculare

The glycolipid antibiotic rhamnolipid B isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain B5 was evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity and in vivo control against phytophthora blight and anthracnose under glasshouse conditions. Rhamnolipid B showed antifungal activity against Cercospora kikuchii, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Magnaporthe grisea and Phytophthora capsici. Microscopic observation revealed that the high level of antifungal activity (10 µg ml ⁻¹) against P capsici was mainly due to a lytic effect on zoospores. Zoospore lysis began in the presence of 10 µg ml ⁻¹ of rhamnolipid B and most of the zoospores were collapsed at 25 µg ml ⁻¹. Rhamnolipid B showed inhibitory activity against the germination of zoospores and hyphal growth of P capsici at concentrations of 50 µg ml ⁻¹. Spore germination of the anthracnose plant pathogen C orbiculare was also inhibited in the presence of 50 µg ml ⁻¹ of rhamnolipid B, although hyphal growth was not affected at this concentration. In the glasshouse, the efficacy of rhamnolipid B against phytophthora blight was similar to that of metalaxyl on pepper plants when treated just before inoculation with P capsici. Treatment with either at 500 µg ml ⁻¹ completely protected pepper plants from phytophthora blight. Rhamnolipid B also suppressed the development of C orbiculare infection on leaves of cucumber plants. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

信号分子N-乙酰高丝氨酸内酯(AHLs)诱导铜绿微囊藻细胞凋亡的研究

[目的]研究信号分子N-乙酰高丝氨酸内酯（AHLs）与铜绿微囊藻细胞凋亡的关系。[方法]以铜绿微囊藻为试验材料,采用5μmol/L AHLs处理铜绿微囊藻细胞,用DAPI染色后观察细胞凋亡的形态。[结果]AHLs在1μmol/L浓度下能诱导铜绿微囊藻的细胞凋亡,从而抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长和增殖。[结论]该研究结果为治理铜绿微囊藻水华爆发提供了科学依据。     

铜绿假单胞菌对TLR4缺失鼠的致病性研究

本研究旨在了解TLR4信号转导在铜绿假单胞菌感染所致急性肺损伤的发病机理中的作用.通过使用Tlr4基因突变致正常TLR4信号转导缺失的C3H/HeJ小鼠,评估TLR4信号转导在调节铜绿假单胞菌引起的急性肺损伤中的作用.选用6～8周龄、雄性、TLR4缺陷型(C3H/HeJ)和SPF级野生型(C3H/HeN)的小鼠各21只...     

三峡库区冬季微囊藻水华探析

通过分析优势藻的生长繁殖规律及其与N、P营养盐浓度、温度、流速和水深等因素的关系,探讨了水华微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻在大宁河完整生长周期所需的水域条件及死亡细胞的沉降速率,并提出了防止和抑制水华发生的措施。     

铜绿微囊藻毒素LR提取纯化及对菜蛾的毒力

铜绿微囊藻菌CCAP1 4 5 0 / 4在室内人工培养。通过超声波击碎细胞 ,离心过滤 ,C18净化柱分离 ,得到铜绿微囊藻毒素。应用高效液相色谱分立主峰得到纯化铜绿微囊藻毒素LR。应用提取的微铜绿微囊藻毒素LR对菜蛾幼虫进行胃毒实验 ,发现当三龄菜蛾幼虫取食含有铜绿微囊藻毒素LR的白菜叶片时 ,其 2 4hLC50 为 1 6 8μg/ ,而相对比的鱼藻酮 72hLC50 为 2 2 5 μg/ 。结果显示 ,铜绿微囊藻毒素LR对菜蛾有较强的毒力 ,其毒效在 2 4～ 48h之内显示。本文探讨了应用铜绿微囊藻毒素LR防治害虫的可能性与途径。     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Minks

In order to provide therapeutical guidance for drug admistration,the bacteria from five dead minks suffering with typical symptoms provided by mink farms in Shandong province were isolated and identified,and the drug sensitivity was tested.The bacteria were isolated with TSA plates,and identified using biochemical methods and PCR assay.The drug sensitivity of the isolates to antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method.PCR was used to detect the resistance genes.A total of 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from sick minks.The drug sensitivity results showed that 5 strains were sensitive to fluoroquinolone,the third and fourth generations cephalosporin drugs,but were resistant to aminoglycoside,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,penicillin,the first and second generations cephalosporin drugs.There were six resistance genes were detected,aadA1,aac(3')-Ⅱc,aac(6')-Ⅰb,tetA,tetK and cat2.All of the isolates were detected more than three kinds of resistance genes.The result showed that 5 strains were all Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the main cause of mink hemorrhagic pneumonia.The resistance of 5 strains were very serious and mainly for multiple drug resistance phenomenon.The resistance genes detected in the mink were various,and could cause the resistance to the drugs.     

Fe~(3+)对鳗池中铜绿微囊藻和小球藻生长的影响

以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为研究对象,分别测定了初始Fe3+摩尔浓度为0、1、10、15、20、25、50、100μmol·L-1时铜绿微囊藻和小球藻的生长曲线和叶绿素a含量。结果表明,2株藻均存在铁限制,其中缺铁对铜绿微囊藻生长的限制较为显著,当初始Fe3+浓度为0,1μmol·L-1时,其生长曲线呈现出负增长的趋势;铜绿微囊藻的μmax出现在25μmol·L-1,小球藻的μmax则出现在20μmol·L-1;当浓度为100μmol·L-1时,2株藻的生长均受到了一定的抑制,但此时的生长速度仍高于低Fe3+组。     

鸡胚胎性病原茵多重PCR检测方法的建立

为建立同时检测禽波氏杆菌(Bordetella avium)、沙门氏茵(Salmonella)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)4种导致鸡胚死亡病原菌的多重PCR方法,本研究根据B.aviun的ompA基因、Salmonella的invA基因、E.coli的phoA基因和P.aeruginosa的toxR基因序列,各设计一对特异性引物进行多重PCR反应,并对反应体系和条件进行优化.结果显示,4对引物分别扩增出597bp、724bp、372bp和278bp的目的条带;并且特异性强不与其他非目的茵发生反应.经优化B.aviun、P.aeruginosa和E.coli多重PCR检测灵敏度达到104cfu/mL,而Salmonella为103cfu/mL.本研究建立的多重PCR方法为相关病原茵的快速检测提供方法.     

Characterization and Identification of Two Opportunistic Human Bacterial Pathogens in Rice

Rice plant harbors numerous prokaryotes in which some are pathogenic, some are beneficial with promoting growth of plant or antagonistic against pathogens, and most of them are “neutral” ones with unknown functions. The earliest report on rice bacterial diseases was recorded more than 120 years ago [1]. Over 20 bacterial species were reported to be associated with the rice diseases [2-3]. Recently environmental protectionists are paying more attention to control the release of toxic chemical…     

八种农药防治沙蒿叶甲试验

沙蒿叶甲chrysolina aeruginosa是沙蒿Aytemisia splhaerecephla植物的主要害虫,1984—1985年先后在巴盟乌在特前旗阿拉泵白音都尔村进行药效试验。经室内和四间防治试验,选出2.5％敌杀死EC、20％速灭杀丁EC、50％杀螟松EC、40％复果EC等四种药剂,采用超低容量喷雾,防治效果均在90％以上。亩用剂量敌杀死、速灭杀丁为20—30毫升,杀螟松80毫升,复果100—150毫升。