速补钙磷对白唇鹿发病率的影响

对65只白唇鹿在补饲过程中添加速补钙磷,结果表明补饲过程中添加速补钙磷的试验组与对照组相比,对白唇鹿异食癖,提高鹿茸产量、降低鹿软骨病骨质疏松、瘫痪等作用显著。平均每只鹿鹿茸产量增加139.5g。鹿软骨病、瘫痪下降1.48%、异食癖发病率降为零。鹿羔月体重平均增2.5kg。     

过量磷对菜心植株生长和产量及品质的影响

采用营养液水培法,研究过量磷对菜心(Brassica parachinensis)植株生长、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:与正常磷浓度处理(1 mmol/L H2PO4-)比较,3～7mmol/L H2P04-处理植株生物量和产量均显著降低,5和7 mmol/L H2PO4-处理植株根冠比显著增加;随着磷浓度的增加,菜薹表皮花色苷含量和菜薹可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,菜薹硝酸盐含量逐渐降低,三者与营养液磷浓度均呈显著线性关系.     

马褂木种源磷效率特性差异研究

设计了低磷(5 mg·kg-1)和高磷(180 mg·kg-1)两个磷素处理水平的盆栽实验,研究马褂木6个代表性种源的磷效率特性差异及其相关性状的关系.结果表明,马褂木种源磷效率差异较大,其值变化在15.4%～38.9%.结合考虑种源对磷肥的敏感性及在不同磷素水平下的生长表现,认为湖南通道为耐低磷型或高磷效率的优良种源,而贵州黎平和湖南邵阳则分别为磷素中等敏感型和磷素敏感型优良种源.研究发现,马褂木种源磷效率与磷素的吸收效率有关,而与磷素的利用效率相关性较小.低磷水平下种源的干物质生产能力可很好地指示磷效率的大小.高磷效率的种源在磷胁迫条件下具有干物质积累量高、叶片宽大、数量多、须侧根发达等特点,而低磷效率种源的干物质积累量低、叶片窄小、须侧根不发达,并呈现缺磷症状.     

植物生长条件下土壤水分与养分资源动态分布的模拟研究

借助根系功能-结构机理模型,在动态描述根系空间生长发育的基础上,采用根系空间吸水速率函数耦合三维土壤水动力学模型,描述根系吸收条件下土壤水分的时空分布;以根个体为中心,采用扩散方式,描述了由于根系吸收土壤中磷元素而引起的土壤中有效磷分布的动态变化。通过小麦苗期根系结构与生物量的动态观测试验,获取了根系生长参数,利用文献资料获取了土壤水分运移参数、土壤有效磷扩散参数。在设定的灌溉与蒸散情景下,模拟了根长密度与根系吸收速率在三维空间的动态分布、根系吸水条件下土壤水分三维时空变化以及根系吸收磷元素的条件下土壤中有效磷的亏缺区域变化过程。模拟结果显示,根系-土壤系统能够实时地模拟根系生长下土壤环境资源的动态变化。     

Interactions between phosphorus availability and microbes in a wheat–maize double cropping system: A reduced fertilization scheme

Mechanisms controlling phosphorus(P) availability and the roles of microorganisms in the efficient utilization of soil P in the wheat–maize double cropping system are poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted a pot experiment for four consecutive wheat–maize seasons(2016–2018) using calcareous soils with high(30.36 mg kg^–1) and low(9.78 mg kg^–1) initial Olsen-P content to evaluate the effects of conventional P fertilizer application to both wheat and maize(Pwm) ...     

绿洲生态条件下氮磷肥配施对冬小麦干物质分配及产量的影响

在西北绿洲生态条件下,设165 kg·hm-2(N1),225 kg·hm-2(N2)两个氮素(纯氮)水平和105 kg·hm-2(P1)、165 kg·hm-2(P2)两个磷素(P2O5)水平共4个处理,研究了氮磷配施对冬小麦产量及干物质积累及分配、灌浆特性的影响。结果表明:N2P1、N2P2具有较高的籽粒产量,分别为7 644.73、7 686.25 kg·hm-2,同时,水分利用效率(WUE)也较高,分别为11.67、11.49 kg·hm-2·mm-1;千粒重和穗粒数随施氮量增加而提高,磷对籽粒产量构成要素影响不显著;氮、氮和磷互作对籽粒平均灌浆速率(V)、最大灌浆速率(Vmax)、有效灌浆持续期粒重增加值(Ws)和有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率(Vs)均有显著影响,但影响籽粒重量的主要因素是Vmax;氮、磷及氮和磷互作对不同器官干物质积累及其分配影响在不同生育时期表现不一。     

有机肥施用对菜地磷素径流流失及磷素表观利用率的影响

采用田间小区定位试验(2011—2012年)研究了自然降雨条件下有机肥施用对太湖流域典型蔬菜地磷素径流流失、蔬菜产量及磷素表观利用率的影响。结果表明:冬瓜种植季内菜地径流水量可达1 800~3 528m~3/hm~2,且与降雨量呈显著线性正相关关系。单施化肥(T1)处理条件下,菜地磷素(TP)径流流失量和流失系数分别达3.45kg/hm~2和1.08%,有机肥施用(T2、T3)显著增加TP径流流失量达14.79%和115.36%,而流失系数却降低39.63%(P0.05)和9.11%(P0.05)。从冬瓜产量角度考量,较T1处理而言,有机肥施用(T2、T3)条件下,虽然经济产量和废弃物产量分别提高1.41%~2.88%和4.17%~6.20%,但冬瓜经济系数却稍有下降,但处理间差异不显著。同时,虽然有机肥施用(T2、T3)显著增加冬瓜磷素吸收量达27.27%和46.18%,但磷素表观利用率却显著降低36.79%和61.22%(P0.05)。有机肥施用显著增加菜地磷素盈余,T2、T3处理条件下,盈余量高达238.44~496.28kg/hm~2,分别达T1处理的2.60倍和5.42倍。     

干湿交替条件下土壤磷释放及其与土壤性质的关系

通过四川瀑布沟水电站消落区典型土壤磷释放室内模拟试验,研究淹水及干湿交替条件下消落区土壤性质变化情况以及土壤性质与磷释放之间的关系,以期为预防水库水体富营养化,水库消落区合理利用与科学制定管理对策提供参考。结果表明：淹水能够提高土壤活性氧化铁（Feox）含量,淹水风干后土壤Feox含量降低至淹水前的水平;淹水后Feox变化幅度为：旱地〉水田〉果园,紫色土〉冲积土。土壤磷吸持饱和度（DPS）与无定形铁铝氧化物Alox密切相关;土壤最大吸磷量（Qm）淹水时最高增加至2 758.01 mg/kg,土壤淹水后Qm、土壤最大缓冲容量（MBC）、土壤吸磷指数（PSI）值升高;淹水能够明显提高土壤的磷素缓冲容量、土壤的最大缓冲能力和吸附能力、土壤磷的保持率,其原因也是与淹水后土壤无定形铁铝氧化物含量大幅度增加有关;通过主成分分析,土壤磷释放能力主要与土壤磷水平和土壤吸磷能力有关,且主要指标包括土壤有机质含量（OM）、土壤有效磷含量（Olsen-P）、土壤磷保持率（f）、土壤最大吸磷量（Qm）、土壤活性氧化铁（Feox）、土壤活性氧化铝（Alox）等,说明四川省瀑布沟水电站消落区土壤存在较大的磷释放风险。     

Phosphorus‐enriched soils of urban and suburban Nanjing and their effect on groundwater phosphorus

Neither the phosphorus (P)‐rich soils in urban areas nor their environmental implications have been adequately studied. This study investigated soils of typical urban function zones in Nanjing/China, like park, residential areas, school yards, campus as well as suburb vegetable land and garbage filling sites, and meantime ground water in situ. Typical soils were also experimentally leached for P leaching evaluation. All studied soils were enriched with P with enrichment ratios varying from 2 to 10 for total P and 5 to 22 for NaHCO₃‐extractable P, as compared with the original parent soils. The C : P ratios also indicated strong enrichment of P in urban soils. In urban areas the maximum P layer appeared as buried under different depth while in suburban soils as epipedon. The various morphology of P distribution suggested different soil formation patterns, which were related to the land use history. Groundwater P was significantly correlated with the maximum extractable P content of P in soil profiles and even better with the weighted average P content of the whole profile or P content of the soil layer at or close to groundwater table. Dissolved P in experimental leachate was comparable with that of groundwater but higher than environmentally acceptable level. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between solution P and different extractable P forms of the studied soils. Simple P tests can provide an evaluation of the potential risk of urban soils in discharging P to water system.     

The spatial distribution of soil microbial biomass in a permanent row crop

The effects of soil texture (silt loam or sandy loam) and cultivation practice (green manure) on the size and spatial distribution of the microbial biomass and its metabolic quotient were investigated in soils planted with a permanent row crop of hops (Humulus lupulus). The soil both between and in the plant rows was sampled at three different depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm). The silt loam had a higher overall microbial biomass C concentration (260 g g^-1) than the sandy loam (185 g g^-1), whereas the sandy loam had a higher (3.1 g CO₂-C mg^-1 microbial Ch^-1) metabolic quotient than the silt loam (2.6 g CO₂-C mg^-1 microbial C h^-1), on average over depth (0–30 cm) and over all treatments. There was a sharp decrease in the microbial biomass with increasing depth for all plots. However, this was more pronounced in the silt loam than in the sandy loam. There was no distinct influence of sampling depth on the metabolic quotient. The microbial biomass was considerably higher in the rows than between the rows, especially in the silt loam plots. There was no significant difference between plots without green manure and plots with green manure for either the microbial biomass or the metabolic quotient.