Rice Growth and Nutrient Accumulation as Affected by Different Composts

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of four different kinds of compost: pea–rice hull compost (PRC), cattle dung–tea compost (CTC), hog dung–rice hull compost (HDR), and hog dung–sawdust compost (HDS). These types of compost differ in nitrogen composition and in the dry matter yield and nutrient accumulation [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)], of rice plants. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were planted in an Oxisol soil. Plants were cultivated in pots, which contained 3 kg of soil, mixed with the four different composts (PRC, 404 g; CTC, 395 g; HDR, and HDS, 450 g) and chemical fertilizer (CHEM) (N:P₂O₅:K₂O=120:96:72) The residual effect was studied after the crop was harvested. All treatments were replicated four times, with a randomized complete block design. The nutrient concentrations in the root, leaf sheath, leaf blade, stalk, and grain were analyzed at different growth stages. After the first crop, the dry matter yield and the amount of N, P, and K absorbed from the CTC or HDS treatments were higher than those of the other treatments, at the most active tillering stage. The growth and nutrient accumulation of rice plants given the PRC treatment were higher than those given the CHEM treatment at the heading stage or the HDR treatment at the maturity stage. In the second crop, the dry matter yield from the PRC, CTC, and HDR treatments was higher than from the other treatments. The nutrient accumulation of the rice plants was positively correlated with the dry matter yield. The residual effect of the HDS compost was the least among all four composts.     

施肥量和施肥方式对人工混播草地产草量的影响

采用裂区试验设计探讨了施肥量和施肥方式两个因素对以苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草为主的人工混播草地产草量的影响,结果表明:随着施肥量增加,鲜草产量明显提高,不同施肥量处理间产量差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);随着基肥比例的增大,追肥比例的减少,鲜草产量反而降低,不同基肥比例处理间产量差异也达极显著水平(P<0.01).另外,相同氮肥量条件下3种施用方式处理与相应的鲜草产量间都成直线关系(r5:5=0.9771**,r6:4=0.9630**,r7:3=0.9643**).     

几种蔬菜的钾肥效应研究

不同蔬菜在不同土壤上的施钾效应研究结果表明：施用钾肥，能促进蔬菜植株的生长，显著提高产量。在一定钾肥用量范围内，产量随钾肥水平提高而提高，超过一定量时，产量并不增加。钾素营养能提高果实中 Ｖｃ 和全糖的含量，改善贮藏特性。 Ｖｃ 含量的提高效应与产量效应一致，但糖分的含量在稍低钾素水平上出现。由于产量提高和品质改善的效应，施钾经济效益十分显著，产投比大。     

茭白配方专用肥肥效比较试验

通过与常规施肥比较,研究茭白配方专用肥对茭白生物学性状、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明:茭白商品性有明显改善,粗脂肪、维生素C、总糖、氨基酸等品质指标增幅达到极显著水平,并可实现增产增效21.96%,节约肥料成本6.53%,利润提高25.98%。在配方专用肥的基础上增施氮肥,不能提高茭白产量,且肥料成本增加,种植效益明显下降。     

Estimation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Dryland Agroecosystem

A field trial was carried out to study the nitrogen fertilizer recovery by four crops in succession in manurial loess soil in Yangling. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer not only had the significant effects on the first crop , but also had longer residual effects, even on the fourth crop. The average apparent nitrogen fertilizer recovery by the first crop was 31.7%, and the accumulative nitrogen recovery by the 4 crops was high as 62.3%, and the latter was double as the former. It is quite clear that the nitrogen fertilizer recovery by the first crop was not reliable for estimating the nitrogen fertilizer unless the residual effect of nitrogen fertilizer was included.     

新型稀有元素微肥研制配方的肥效试验

对洛阳市农科所新技术开发公司研制的4个不同配方的新型稀有元素微肥在莲豆上进行了肥效试验，结果表明：Ⅱ^#配方的微肥产品，对莲豆的营养生长和生殖生长均有十分显著的促进作用，不但可以促进莲豆的生长发育，而且可以大幅度地提高莲豆的英果产量，是施用于英果类蔬菜作物营养平衡、肥效较好的最佳配方；Ⅱ^#微肥还可能更广泛地适用于以营养体为收获对象的茎叶类蔬菜作物，在高效多功能生态农业微肥新产品的研制开发方面具有较高的利用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

花生施用TBS环保生态肥和三元复混肥试验简报

花生施用TBS环保生态肥、三元复混肥作花生基肥，能促进植株健壮生长，增加单株结果数，提高饱果率，从而提高花生产量和经济效益。尤其施用TBS环保生态肥比对照增长15．4％，效果尤为显著，同时也尤于施三元复混肥。     

保水缓释肥对金丝小枣浆烂病发病率的影响

研究了保水缓释肥对金丝小枣浆烂病发病率的影响。结果表明：施用保水缓释肥能明显降低浆烂病的发病率。     

马铃薯新品系需肥规律比较研究

以3个在贵州省马铃薯区域试验中排名前3位的马铃薯新品系S01-335、S01-85和S01-295为材料,采用田间试验与室内分析测定相结合的方法,对马铃薯不同品系氮、磷、钾素的吸收规律进行了初步研究.结果表明:3个马铃薯新品系氮、磷、钾素的吸收变化趋势相同.在整个生育进程中马铃薯植株中氮积累量表现为M型变化趋势,磷积累量表现为A型变化趋势,钾积累量呈单峰曲线变化.     

玉米连作为主垄作少耕新农作制施肥技术的探讨

本文介绍了以玉米连作为主的垄作少耕新农作制施肥技术的特点，以及根茬秸秆还田技术和农家肥，化肥的施用方法，通过试验证明，吉林省西部半干旱地区化肥于秋季或春季一次微基肥施用是可行的，在目前生产上，施用化肥可与秋季或春季的灭茬，深松，起垄同步进行。