永春芦柑如何迎接中国入世挑战

阐述了永春芦柑业的现状,中国入世对永春芦柑业的影响,永春发展芦柑业的优势与劣势,对永春如何发展芦柑业提出建议。     

果园红壤有机无机复合体性质的初步研究

对果园红壤各级有机无机复合体的一些主要性质测定结果表明：＜１０μ各级复合体的碳氮含量明显地高于＞１０μ的各级复合体。随着复合体粒径的增大，Ｃ／Ｎ逐渐增大；松结合态腐殖质占该粒径腐殖质总量的百分率逐趋减少，紧结合态腐殖质的百分离逐趋增加，松结合态／紧结合态腐殖质逐趋下降；ＨＡ／ＦＡ逐渐增大，胡敏酸Ｅ４／Ｅ６从粘粒至粉砂粒和砂粒复合体逐趋减小，腐殖质氧化稳定性逐渐提高；游离态和无定形氧化铁含量逐渐减少     

Pest management based on petroleum spray oil in navel orange orchard in Ganzhou,South China

Comparisons between petroleum spray oil (PSO)-based pest management (pest management based on petroleum spray oil) and conventional pest management were made in a navel orange orchard from 2004 to 2005 in Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, South China. PSO-based management reduced chemical pesticide use and increased the species richness of natural enemies. To control the key pests below the economic threshold, PSO use, compared with chemical pesticide, reduced the cost of pest management. PSO had no negative effects on fruit yield and quality, and could form the basis of a practical and sustainable pest management program in navel orange. C. Chen and J. Zheng contributed equally to this work.     

微波技术提取冰糖脐橙皮中的总黄酮

采用微波技术,用碱性乙醇水溶液浸提、盐酸酸析,从冰糖脐橙皮中提取总黄酮。以总黄酮得率为评价指标,用紫外可见分光光度法检测,L16(45)正交实验筛选出的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶10,乙醇体积分数为60%,微波时间5min,微波功率350W,NaOH质量分数为1%。按优选的最佳工艺实验3次,总黄酮得率为6.11%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.43%(n=3)。     

Genetic transformation of Citrus sinensis cv. Hamlin with hrpN gene from Erwinia amylovora and evaluation of the transgenic lines for resistance to citrus canker

Transgenic Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. cv. Hamlin plants expressing the hrpN gene were obtained by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Towns) Conn-mediated transformation. hrpN encodes a harpin protein, which elicits the hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance in plants. The gene construct consisted of gst1, a pathogen-inducible promoter, a signal peptide for protein secretion to the apoplast, the selection genes nptII or aacC1 and the Nos terminator. The function of gst1 in citrus was evaluated in transgenic C. sinensis cv. Valencia harboring the reporter gene uidA (gus) driven by this promoter. Histochemical analysis for gus revealed that gst1 is activated in citrus leaves by both wounding and inoculation with Xanthomonas axonopodis Starr and Garces pv. citri (Hasse) Vauterin et al. Genetic transformation was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization in eight cv. Hamlin acclimatized plants. RT-PCR confirmed hrpN gene expression in seven cv. Hamlin transgenic lines before pathogen inoculation. Some hrpN transgenic lines showed severe leaf curling and abnormal growth. Six hrpN transgenic lines were propagated and evaluated for susceptibility to X. axonopodis pv. citri. RT-PCR confirmed gene expression in all six hrpN transgenic lines after pathogen inoculation. Several of the hrpN transgenic lines showed reduction in susceptibility to citrus canker as compared with non-transgenic plants. One hrpN transgenic line exhibited normal vegetative development and displayed very high resistance to the pathogen, estimated as up to 79% reduction in disease severity. This is the first report of genetic transformation of citrus using a pathogen-inducible promoter and the hrpN gene. Further evaluations of the transgenic plants under field conditions are planned. Nevertheless, the evidence to date suggests that the hrpN gene reduces the susceptibility of citrus plants to the canker disease.     

汁用甜橙新品种‘渝红橙’

 ‘渝红橙’是从‘先锋橙’中选育出的芽变新品种。该品种树势强健,单果质量170g,少核,出汁率60%,可溶性固形物含量11.8％,固酸比14,果实耐贮性强。早结,丰产,稳产,抗逆性强,易栽培。果实成熟期11月下旬至12月上旬。鲜食品质优良,加工制汁性能优异。     

缺镁对北碚447锦橙光合作用特性的影响

以北碚447锦橙为材料,测定叶片镁质量分数、光合色素质量分数、光响应和CO2响应有关指标,研究在自然条件下缺镁对锦橙叶片光合特性的影响。结果显示,随着黄化程度增加叶片的镁质量分数显著降低,叶片受镁胁迫程度加剧。随着缺镁程度增加,叶片光合色素呈极显著的下降趋势,叶片的光饱和点、Pnmax、表观量子效率(AQY)、CO2饱和点和羧化效率(CE)显著降低,叶片的光补偿点和CO2补偿点显著提高;在光响应和CO2响应上,随着缺镁程度增加,锦橙叶片气孔导度显著降低,而细胞间隙CO2显著增大,表明缺镁锦橙的光合作用主要是受非气孔限制。这些结果为柑橘优质、高产栽培提供了理论指导和相关依据。     

The effects of rootstocks on performances of three late-ripening navel orange varieties

Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock for citrus production are compatibility and resistance, due to less information on the impacts of rootstock to the performance of scion varieties. This study aims to provide information on performances of navel orange varieties on different rootstocks. Three late-ripening navel orange varieties(Citrus sinensis var. Powell, Chislett and Banfield) grafted on seven rootstocks(Swingle citrumelo(C. paradisi× P. trifoliata), Carrizo citrange(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), X639(C. reticulata×P. trifoliata), MXT(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), Hongju(C. reticulata), Ziyang Xiangcheng(C. junos) and trifoliate orange(P. trifoliata)) were used as plant materials for comprehensive comparison of the performances on tree growth, fruit yield and quality in 21 scion–stock combinations. Investigation was carried out in these combinations in field nine years after planting. Vigorous growth of all the three late-ripening navel orange varieties was observed on Carrizo citrange with the largest canopy volume at 33.34 m3 and the highest yield at 29.43 kg per tree, but a low yield efficiency at 2.87 kg m–3. On the contrary, those on trifoliate orange had the smallest canopy volume at 10.79 m3 and the lowest fruit yield at 12.51 kg per tree, but the highest yield efficiency at 3.95 kg m–3. Rootstocks did not show significant effects on fruit size, fruit shape index, peel thickness and the edible rate of the fruits, but fruit quality was significantly affected by the rootstocks. Fruits from the trees grafted on trifoliate orange presented the best quality with significantly higher total soluble solids(TSS) content than those on Ziyang Xiangcheng and Hongju, and also the highest ratio of TSS/titratable acidity(TA). The TA content was observed from the fruits on X639 at 0.59 g 100 mL–1. Vitamin C(Vc) content of fruits on Hongju was the highest at 49.25 mg 100 mL–1. Growth vigor of the trees was positively correlated with fruit yield at an extremely significant level. The canopy volume was negatively correlated with yield efficiency, but positively correlated with compatibility index. Results of this study indicated that the rootstock has great impacts on the growth vigor of the tree, yield efficiency and quality of the fruit. In order to achieve good quality and yield efficiency for navel orange production, less growth vigor rootstock such as trifoliate orange is highly recommended.     

性别决定基因TASSELSEED2在水稻中的功能歧化性浅析

花器官的发育不仅影响农作物的生产,通过性别决定产生单性花的机制亦是重要的基础理论问题。TASSELSEED2基因是与JA合成有关的调控玉米单性雄花产生的性别决定基因,对一些植物中TS2同源基因的表达分析表明TS2蛋白可能在进化过程中产生了功能歧化。为探究TS2蛋白在进化过程中其功能是否发生了歧化,首先通过生物信息学手段对水稻和玉米的TS2基因进行了比较分析,分子进化分析表明,TS2基因在一些植物中可能并不仅仅局限于抑制雌蕊发育的性别决定功能。因此,猜测两性花植物水稻中的TS2可能具有其他功能。利用蛋白质三维结构预测软件,发现水稻TS2基因编码典型的SDR蛋白,含有保守的GASGIG和YTASK基序,其作用底物可能与玉米TS2蛋白类似。启动子分析表明OsTS2和玉米TS2的激素应答元件存在差别。随后,利用RNA-seq数据进行了OsTS2与玉米TS2的组织器官表达分析,并利用实时荧光定量技术考察外源Me JA喷施处理对OsTS2与玉米TS2基因表达的影响。结果表明,OsTS2主要在花序中表达,经外源MeJA处理后其表达量明显升高;而玉米TS2在雄穗分化关键期的叶片中表达量最高,其表达量基本不受外源Me JA影响。OsTS2与玉米TS2表达方面的差异提示水稻TS2可能具有与玉米TS2不同的功能,为深入了解TS2在两性花植物中的功能提供了线索。     

水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯对微型月季萜类次生代谢产物相关基因表达的影响

微型月季是月季家族的新品种,具有开发制作精油的潜力。本研究分别以蒸馏水、1 mmol/L水杨酸和1 mmol/L茉莉酸甲酯处理微型月季,对花瓣提取RNA后,使用Illumina Hiseq4000高通量测序平台进行转录组测序。测序结果共得到55168条Unigene序列,注释率为100%。对不同处理组的差异基因进行了KEEG代谢通路分析,差异基因主要富集在植物-病原菌相互关系、植物荷尔蒙信号转导、萜类骨架生物合成等20条KEGG通路中。对萜类合成相关的5个KEEG代谢通路中的差异表达基因进行了热图分析。研究结果表明水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯可以诱导微型月季中特定萜类合成相关基因的表达,为精油制作领域微型月季质量的提升和品种选育提供基础数据。