过渡金属氧化物对木粉/PVC复合材料燃烧性能的影响

用锥形量热仪(CONE)和热重分析法(TGA)研究金属氧化物CuO、La2O<,3>和TiO2对木粉/PVC复合材料(WF-PVC)燃烧性能的影响.结果表明,这3种过渡金属氧化物的加入对WF-PVC均有阻燃作用.其中,CuO使热释放速率(HRR)和总热释放量(THR)降低较多,阻燃效果明显;加入金属氧化物使WF-PVC的烟释放速率(SPR)和总烟释放量(TSP)都有所降低,其中,CuO在有焰燃烧阶段烟释放量最低,抑烟效果最好.这3种氧化物都能增加成炭量.结合热重分析的结果,3种金属氧化物对WF-PVC的热降解影响是不同的.PVC和木粉之间存在相互作用,PVC显著促进了木粉的热降解,木粉的加入推迟了PVC的降解,明显提高了PVC体系的成炭量;WF-PVC的热降解行为,具有更多的PVC降解的特征.     

高压静电回收氯化锌废气设备的研究

本文用生产规模的单管高压静电设备。对回收氯化锌法活性炭生产过程中产生的氯化锌废气进行了研究;对影响锌回收率的各因子进行了讨论。研究结果表明,工业生产中产生的氯化锌废气可以用高压静电法回收,当二次交流电压为3·5万伏,管内废气流速保持一定值,锌回收率可达98％以上,回收液的浓度29°Be′/36℃。设备性能稳定,运行可靠,不需要冷却水,工艺流程短,运行费用低,经济效果显著,是目前国内同行业中光进的回收设备。     

Determination of drought tolerance using root activities in Robinia pseudoacacia ''Idaho'' transformed with mtl-D gene

Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho') is an exotic multi-purpose tree used in landscaping, soil and water conservation, fodder sources and others. To improve its drought tolerance for reclaiming arid land, five lines of transformed mtl-D gene, as osmotic regulator in plant cells, have been selected and managed to determine their drought tolerance under experimental conditions.Qualitative and quantitative variables of transformed plants were studied. The critical value of drought tolerance was determined by detecting the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reductants in roots and soil water content (SWC). The critical value for drought tolerance was SWC 6% while for the control plants the critical SWC was 8%; a moderate level of SWC is 13% and the highest SWC for plant endurance was 18%. The method proved to be reliable and sensitive in the evaluation of drought tolerance for forest trees.     

Preparation of novel reagents 4-alkoxytrityl chlorides and their reaction with methyl Α-d-glucoside

A series of novel 4-O-alkoxytrityl chlorides (1) with different chain lengths was synthesized as a novel reagent for obtaining 6-O-alkylated cellulose with high regioselectivity via trityl groups in one reaction step without the use of any protective groups. These chlorides were reacted with methyl -d-glucoside, which was used as a model compound, to examine the reactivities toward the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose to afford a series of 6-O-alkylated methyl -d-glucosides in high yields. The product compounds were found to have interesting solubilities and thermal properties. Thus, newly prepared trityl chloride derivatives were found to be useful regioselective derivatization reagents on the primary hydroxyl group in carbohydrates, especially in cellulose.     

Effect of CCC and daminozide on growth of silver birch container seedlings during three years after spraying

Applications of growth retardants, daminozide and CCC (chlormequatchloride), were studied in order to determine their effects on morphology and post-planting growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) container seedlings. Daminozide was sprayed once (on 28 June at concentrations of 1.0 – 6.0 g l^–1) and CCC was sprayed twice (on 29 June and 27 July at concentrations of 0.5–3.0 gl^–1). Height growth, morphology of seedlings at the end of the growing season, the shoot and root growth potential the following spring and field performance during the following seasons were measured. During the first summer in the nursery, both daminozide and CCC retarded height growth,but daminozide was more effective. The effects of compounds on stem diameter during the summer of application were small. Neither of the compounds affected the field performance of seedlings. The most suitable applications for retardation of height growth, without negative effects on other morphological variables, were 4 g l^–1 (32 mg per seedling) for daminozide and 2 g l^–1 (16 mg per seedling), sprayed in two applications, for CCC.     

微波设备氯化锌法制备竹质粉状活性炭工艺研究

采用正交试验,研究以竹屑废料为原料,用微波设备氯化锌法制备竹质粉状活性炭的可行性,探讨微波功率、活化时间、浸渍时间及氯化锌浓度对活性炭产品碘吸附值、得率的影响。结果表明,微波设备氯化锌法制备竹质粉状活性炭的最佳工艺为:微波功率1 000 W、活化时间50 min、氯化锌浓度50%、浸渍时间48 h。用此工艺制得的活性炭碘吸附值1070.3mg.g-1,得率达到32.3%。结果表明:微波加热比传统方法缩短活化时间,产品性能高于国家标准。     

赤霉素和氯化胆碱对尾叶桉幼苗生长指标的影响

采用盆栽方法,把赤霉素和氯化胆碱2种生长调节剂添加到富含微量元素的生物活性肥中,探讨这种复合制剂处理对尾叶桉幼苗生长的影响,为桉树生长调控和人工林精准化栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:喷施Lc复合药剂对尾叶桉幼苗的生长、根系的发育具有明显的促进作用。幼苗的株高、地径、生物量的增长分别比对照大36.7 cm、0.25 cm、3 g,经方差分析均有显著差异(P<0.05)。与对照相比,根冠比增加19.07%。Lc复合药剂处理后桉幼苗的分支数有所减少,但与对照相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。此外,Lc复合药剂具有促使生物量优先分配到茎干的作用。     

金合欢基溴合成角鲨烯反应及异构体形成机理的研究

通过自制高效偶联试剂三三苯基膦氯化亚钴和自制金合欢基溴的还原偶联反应,成功地合成了角鲨烯。初步探索了主要反应条件如反应时间等对偶联反应中产物角鲨烯得率的影响。结果表明,在常温、偶联试剂过量10％、反应4h及充分搅拌的条件下,角鲨烯得率45．6％。用GC和GC-MS分析了合成产物角鲨烯,探讨了角鲨烯6个异构体的形成机理和可能的化学结构以及在GC图谱中的出峰顺序。另外,还探讨了合成三三苯基膦氯化亚钴中硼氢化钠滴加速度和搅拌速率对反应的影响。     

电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响

为了研究采用电场手段改良杉木的可行性,将一定含水率的杉木板材置于不同的电场强度(极板间电势差)中,并在杉木板材上部稳定地保持一定量的氯化钠溶液,5 h后,测试板材不同高度(厚度)部位的含水率和钠离子含量,并与未在电场中渗透的杉木的对应值比较分析,研究电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响,结果表明:①定向电场的存在,能促进氯化钠溶液在杉木中的渗透;②在本试验范围内,随着电场强度的增加,氯化钠溶液中水分和钠离子在杉木中、下部渗透量增加,并使各渗透层面的含水率均匀性提高.     

钙对低温高光锻炼下烤烟幼苗光合的促进效应

以烤烟品种龙江911为材料,研究了喷施CaCl2对烤烟幼苗低温高光锻炼过程中光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:低温高光锻炼过程中,烤烟幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(φPSⅡ)均明显低于未锻炼幼苗,说明低温高光锻炼虽然能够增强烤烟幼苗的抗逆性,但却降低了其光...