水稻机械化直播优势、问题与发展对策

随着现代农业与农业机械化技术不断发展,传统水稻种植方式与技术越来越呈现出一定的不足,难以满足水稻高质量生产发展的需求,也与从事农业生产的农民利用农业机械减轻劳动强度、利用机械化生产节本增效的出发点不一致.从水稻机械化技术的相关问题着手,阐述了水稻机械化直播的现实性与必要性.     

中链脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展

中链脂肪酸(MCFAs)是一类含有6～12个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸.除了作为能源物质之外,MCFAs还具有改善肠道形态结构、提高动物生长性能、防治疾病、调节免疫以及抗菌等功能,因此具有作为抗生素替代品的潜力.本文简述了MCFAs的生物学功能和作用机制,并综述了其在动物生产中的应用研究进展,以期为MCFAs在畜牧业生产中应用...     

Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of Aeromonas caviae M12 from Fox

We tried to identify the bacteria and explore the mechanism of the bacteria's pathogenicity via housekeeping gene gyrB and in vitro organ culture (IVOC) of ileum and intramuscular injection. Microscope, electron microscope and scanning electron microscope were also used to observe and the structure, pathogen of M12 and changes of infected tissues. The results showed that M12 was short gram-negative bacteria, and both ends of it were obtuse and the size without flagellum was (0.6 to 1.6) μm×(0.6 to 0.7)μm while length of flagellum was about 2 to 3 times of the length of bacteria.It had 100.0% similarity with Aeromonas caviae from GenBank. IVOC test observed M12' adhesion in intestinal epithelial cell, resulting in formulation of biofilm structure and damage in intestinal epithelial cell. Histopathologic examination showed that M12 could cause damage in intestine, liver, lung, kidney, muscle tissue of rabbit.The assay would offer references for researching the pathogenic mechanism of Aeromonas caviae.     

多浪绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养、鉴定及成肌诱导分化

为了在体外细胞水平模拟多浪绵羊肌肉生长发育过程,本研究以多浪绵羊为试验动物,采用胶原酶和胰酶两步酶消化法分离多浪绵羊骨骼肌卫星细胞（satellite cells,SCs）,并利用差速贴壁的方法纯化分离得到的SCs。利用免疫荧光技术检测SCs标记基因Desmin、Pax7和MyoD1的表达情况,鉴定分离得到的SCs。采用血清撤离的方法诱导SCs向成肌方向分化。通过显微镜观察和成肌分化标记基因肌球蛋白重链（myosin heavy chain,MHC）的免疫荧光,检测肌管的形成情况。通过对SCs标记基因Desmin、Pax7和MyoD1的免疫荧光鉴定,确认本研究成功分离得到多浪绵羊SCs。采用血清撤离的方法诱导SCs成肌分化,显微镜观察和MHC免疫荧光可以明显观察和检测到肌管的形成。本研究对多浪绵羊SCs成功地进行了分离和鉴定,并建立了体外培养条件下多浪绵羊SCs的成肌诱导分化。     

新形势下的动物医学人才培养

动物医学专业一直是农业院校的基础专业,主要培养医治畜禽和伴侣动物疾病的人才,随着社会的发展和就业领域的拓宽等新形势,对动物医学人才的培养提出了新的要求。本文主要从人才培养模式、课程设置和模块化培养等方面进行相关阐述。     

转基因水稻饲用安全性评价的研究进展

现代生物技术的发展为利用外源动物、植物、微生物基因培育优良转基因水稻品种提供了新的途径。随着人们对食品安全问题的格外关注,转基因水稻的食用安全性日益成为关注的焦点。作者简要综述了近年来国内外转基因水稻研究现状与安全性评价的最新进展。     

Towards a risk-based surveillance for Trichinella spp. in Danish pig production

Increasing demands for cost-effectiveness in surveillance for human health hazards from animal origins can be met by introducing risk-based principles. This e.g. implies targeting subpopulations with higher risk of infection compared to the whole population. Furthermore, historical data from surveillance can be collated and used to assess future risk of infection. To demonstrate the effectiveness of combining these two approaches, we used a model called “Discounting historical evidence”. It depends mainly on the annual risk of introduction (PIntro) and the surveillance system sensitivity (SSe) (ability to detect infection if present). The model implies simulations that reiterate for a number of years. For each year the output is updated with the confidence on absence in infection. Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs is used as an example. In Denmark, more than 20 million pigs are tested annually. Despite more than 70 years of testing no pigs have been found positive for Trichinella. Hence, PIntro is low. SSe can be estimated from the maximum number of infected carcasses expected under the specified design prevalence, and the sensitivity of the test applied. According to our assessment, the current prevalence of Trichinella in Danish pigs is less than one case per million, which we interpret as negligible risk. Based on this, a risk-based surveillance programme for Trichinella is designed that targets all out-door reared pigs as well as all sows and boars (current total 610,000 slaughtered annually). These subpopulations are judged to have higher risk of getting Trichinella. Again, SSe and PIntro are estimated and the model results show that risk-based surveillance can be applied without jeopardizing human health. Finally, we incorporate wildlife surveys and test quality assurance in the programme. The results of the simulation model were included in an application to the European Commission concerning Denmark's status as a region with negligible risk of Trichinella. In July 2007, the European Commission granted status as “negligible risk” to Danish pigs and pork.