‘罗田甜柿’胚乳培养获得十二倍体再生植株

 取‘罗田甜柿’自然授粉后约70 d 的胚乳, 采用不同细胞分裂素和生长素组合进行离体培养。结果表明: 以1/ 2MS (1/ 2N ) + ZT (玉米素) 1.1 mg/ L + 2,4-D 1.0 mg/ L + CH (水解酪蛋白) 1000mg/ L 诱导产生的愈伤组织易获得再生植株; 形态学和细胞学检测确认再生植株中存在2n=12x=180 的个体。该十二倍体植株对中国原产甜柿的遗传改良可能具有潜在的应用价值。     

稻曲病侵染时期和流行因素研究

分期接种试验的结果表明,稻曲病对水稻的侵染时期,主要在孕穗末期至破口期,病菌侵入籽粒在水稻开花前。3a的系统调查和对比分析结果说明,水稻穗期最高气温>32℃的天数少,降雨量大,有利病菌的侵入和发展流行,品种间抗(耐)病性差异显著。近年来稻曲病发生严重的主要原因是单季晚稻的大面积种植,穗期气候条件适宜病害发生流行。     

Model establishment and biological behaviour observation of mouse blastocyst co-cultured with hepatocarcinoma cell lines with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro

AIM: To explore interaction and biological behaviour changes of two kinds of cells-blastocysts and hepatocarcinoma cells in the same microenvironment. METHODS:The models of mouse blastocysts co-cultured with human hepatocarcinoma cell lines were established, then biological behaviours and mutual effects of the two kinds of cells in co-culture system were observed. RESULTS: Compared with control group, hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential significantly enhanced the rates of blastocyst hatchment , attachment and outgrowth(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in those among hepatocarcinoma cells co-cultured groups (P＞0.05). The blastocyst hatched and attached to hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential. Then, differential trophoblasts invaded hepatocarcinoma cells. The clear-cut interfaces were gradually formed between both sides. Hepatocarcinoma cells on interface showed changes of growth direction and cell shapes and did not invade blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocarcinoma cells promoted blastocyst development. Blastocysts implanted and invaded hepatocarcinoma cells with differently invasive and metastatic potential in vitro, which indicate that blastocyst implantation in vitro does not relate with the kinds and differential level of interactional cells and the low selectivity maybe relate with high adaptability of early life.     

Effect of insulin on the secretion of VEGF and its receptor in serum-free cultured bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells

AIM: This study was designed to investigate the secretion of VEGF and its receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein by cultured bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells treated with various insulin concentrations. METHODS: Endothelial cells was isolated from bovine thoracic aorta, and cultured in serum-free medium, then incubated with different insulin concentrations (30 mU/L, 300 mU/L, 3 000 mU/L). The level of VEGF and its receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: As compared with no insulin group, the expression of VEGF protein in low insulin concentration (30 mU/L and 300 mU/L) groups were significantly increased (P＜0.01). The expression of VEGF protein in high insulin concentration (3 000 mU/L) group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Howerer, no difference of the expression of VEGF receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein among all groups (P＞0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION: Low concentration insulin up-regulates the VEGF protein expression while high concentration insulin down-regulates the VEGF protein expression in bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells, but insulin had no directly effect on the VEGF receptor (flt-1 or flk-1/KDR) protein expression in bovine thoracic aortic endothelial cells.     

Comparison of kinetic properties of a hydrophilic form of acetylcholinesterase purified from strains susceptible and resistant to carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides of green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler)

A hydrophilic form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was purified from N-methyl carbamate susceptible (SA) and highly N-methyl carbamate-resistant (N3D) strains of the green rice leafhopper (GRLH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler. Both of purified AChE from SA and N3D strains displayed the highest activities toward acetylthiocholine (ATCh) at pH 8.5. In the SA strain, the optimum concentrations for ATCh, propionylthiocholine (PTCh), and butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) were about 1 × 10⁻³, 2.5 × 10⁻³, and 1 × 10⁻³ M, respectively. However, in the N3D strain, substrate inhibition was not identified for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh to 1 × 10⁻² M. The K_m value in the SA strain was 51.1, 39.1, and 41.6 μM and that in the N3D strain was 91.8, 88.1, and 85.2 μM for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The K_m value in the N3D strain indicated about 1.80-, 2.25-, and 2.05-fold lower affinity than that of the SA strain for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The V_max value in the SA strain was 70.2, 30.5, and 4.6 U/mg protein and that in the N3D strain was 123.0, 27.0, and 14.5 U/mg protein for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The V_max value in the N3D strain was 1.75- and 3.15-fold higher for ATCh and BTCh than that in the N3D strain. However, it was 1.13-fold lower for PTCh. The increased activity of AChE in the N3D strain is due to the qualitatively modified enzyme with a higher catalytic efficiency. The bimolecular rate constant (k_i) for propoxur was 27.1 × 10⁴ and 0.51 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ min⁻¹ in the SA and N3D strain and that for monocrotophos was 0.031 × 10⁴ and 2.0 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ min⁻¹ in the SA and N3D strain. AChE from the N3D strain was 53-fold less sensitive than SA strain to inhibition by propoxur. In contrast, AChE from the N3D strain was 65-fold more sensitive to inhibition by monocrotophos than AChE from the SA strain. This indicated negatively correlated cross-insensitivity of AChE to propoxur and monocrotophos.     

鸡抗球虫药的体外筛选综述

抗鸡球虫药的筛选分为体内筛选和体外筛选。体外筛选具有简易、迅速、准确和经济的优点。本文在前人大量工作的基础上，总结了体外筛选的全过程，并分述了细胞培养筛选法和鸡胚培养筛选法。     

猪肾脏中氯丙嗪和异丙嗪残留检测方法的建立

建立了猪肾脏中氯丙嗪和异丙嗪残留量检测的高效液相色谱法。猪肾脏中残留的氯丙嗪和异丙嗪,用乙腈提取,再依次用酸化乙腈和正己烷净化,氮气吹干,甲醇溶解后,用Waters高效液相色谱系统,HypersilC18柱,UV检测器,用V(乙腈)∶V(水)∶V(0.5mol·L-1乙酸铵)(50∶49∶1)为流动相,流速1.2mL/min,波长254nm测定,内标法定量。结果表明,氯丙嗪和异丙嗪在猪肾脏中的最低检测限均为10μg/kg,组织中添加量为10μg/kg时,氯丙嗪和异丙嗪的回收率分别为83%和84%,批间变异系数均小于20%。该方法样品处理简单,可同时检测氯丙嗪和异丙嗪在猪肾脏中的残留量。     

湘林黑杨新无性系不同部位水培生根性状研究

对湘林-90等6个杨树新无性系及中汉-17、I-69杨1年生苗,自下而上按4部位分别裁截插穗,进行水培生根试验,探索杨树水培后皮层凸起、先期不定根数量、凸起成根率及根长在无性系、区分段间的分布规律及相关性。     

人工湿地中植物对低盐度养殖废水处理效果

分别构建种植美人蕉（Canna indica）、菖蒲（Acourus calamus）和千屈菜（Luthrum salicaria）的人工湿地,开展对低盐度养殖废水处理效果的模拟研究,设置进水中的C/N/P分别为50/10/1、25/5/1、25/5/2、25/5/3,盐度分别为0.5、1.0和2.0,水力停留时间分别为1 d、2 d、3 d和4 d,测定人工湿地对总氮、总磷和化学需氧量的去除率,出水中的氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和磷酸盐含量以及3种植物的生长状况。研究表明：当HRT=4 d,盐胁迫浓度为1,C/N/P为25/5/2（COD=50 mg/L,TN=5 mg/L,TP=4 mg/L）时,人工湿地装置TN、TP及COD去除率可达90%、97%和65%;不同植物的人工湿地系统中,美人蕉-人工湿地去除效果最佳,此时美人蕉体内叶绿素（SPAD值）、超氧化物歧化酶含量较高,丙二醛含量较低,分别为40.6、1 212U/g和2.45 nmol/g,氨基酸含量为1.82 %;盐胁迫浓度为1,C/N/P为25/5/2时,人工湿地内微生物群落结构得到优化,优势菌群为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,该菌门是污水处理中常见的功能性菌群。因此美人蕉-人工湿地能够处理低盐度养殖废水,能强化人工湿地处理效果,提高植物-微生物的协同去污和盐度耐受性,为滨海水体修复提供技术支撑。     

控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量及氮肥利用的影响

研究籼粳杂交稻钵苗摆栽超高产栽培模式下适宜的控释氮肥运筹。试验于2016—2017年在安徽庐江进行,以当地高产籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为供试品种,设置控释氮肥一次性基施(single basal application of CRNF, BC)、与尿素分蘖肥配施(basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at the tillering stage, BC+TU)、与尿素穗肥配施(basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at panicle initiation, BC+PU)三种运筹模式,以尿素分次施肥(conventional high-yield fertilization,SU)和不施氮肥(0N)为对照,研究控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻产量、氮肥吸收利用及相关农艺指标的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥阶段释放基蘖肥:穗肥比例为7∶3,较传统优化氮肥运筹SU (6∶4)整体表现基蘖肥冗余,穗肥不足,因而BC和BC+TU处理显著降低了钵苗摆...