长江三峡库区药用植物资源与利用现状

在分析长江三峡库区药用植物资源种类和开发利用现状的基础上,分析了该区药用植物资源开发利用存在的问题,并提出了保护和合理开发这些资源的建议。     

紫色甘薯营养成分和药用价值研究进展

紫色甘薯[Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.]是一种富含天然食用色素的独特甘薯。从20世纪90年代初在日本农林水产省九州农业试验场选育出的“川山紫”开始,紫色甘薯由于富含多种营养成分,具有清除自由基抗氧化、预防和治疗心血管疾病等多种药用功能而在日本等发达国家得到广泛推广。就国内外对紫色甘薯各方面的研究,对其营养成分和药用价值进行论述,为在国内广泛推广种植紫色甘薯新品种提供重要依据。     

竹子药用价值概述

竹子药用有着悠久的历史,从根部到梢部,其根、枝叶、实及菌生物等都具有药用价值与药理作用。本文主要从竹子的传统中药利用及现代研究状况等方面论述了竹子的药用价值。对竹子药用价值进一步的开发利用,不仅拓宽了竹类研究领域,而且具有广泛的社会效益和经济效益。     

湖南小溪自然保护区药用苔藓研究

[目的]调查小溪自然保护区药用苔藓的种类及地理成分。[方法]采用水平拉线法调查了小溪国家自然保护区中树干附生苔藓植物的种类,结合该保护区地面着生苔藓种类研究的结果,对该保护区的药用苔藓植物进行了筛选,并对其进行了地理成分分析。[结果]该地区药用苔藓植物共7科8属共9种,其中苔类2科2属3种,藓类5科6属6种。[结论]该地区药用苔藓植物地理成分以东亚成分为主。     

药用植物粗提物对罗汉果花叶病毒病的防治作用研究

[目的]寻找有效防治罗汉果花叶病毒病的方法。[方法]研究测定4种药用植物粗提物对罗汉果病毒病的防治作用。[结果]结果表明,板蓝根、贯众、大黄和黄芩的粗提取物对罗汉果病毒病的防治效果分别为73．10％、46．20％、46．20％和57．60％;板蓝根粗提取物用水稀释5、10、50、100和200倍液对罗汉果病毒病的防治效果分别为77．48％、59．15％、59．15％、52．14％和43．69％。[结论]该研究为探讨防治罗汉果病毒病的新途径提供理论依据。     

广西猫豆主要病害种类调查及病原鉴定

猫豆是广西种植的一种特色药用植物,近年来发生一些重要病害,为明确这些病害种类,对广西猫豆主产区进行主要病害种类调查和病原鉴定。每块地采取5点取样法进行取样调查,并通过形态特征和rDNA ITS序列分析结果对病原菌进行鉴定。研究结果发现,猫豆上发生的主要病害有4种,分别为猫豆炭疽病（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）、猫豆茎溃疡病（Phomopsis sp.）、猫豆斑枯病（Alternaria sp.）和猫豆褐斑病（Pseudocercospora sp.）,这些病害的发病率达30％~80％。     

Growth and accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia grown in hydroponic culture

In separate experiments conducted in 2007 and 2008, growth and accumulation of selected caffeic acid derivatives (CADs; i.e., caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, echinacoside, caffeic acid, cynarin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cichoric acid) were determined in Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia seedlings grown in hydroponic culture (floating raft system) at a density of 122 plant m⁻² (at planting). Plants were harvested 11 (2007) or 16 (2008) weeks after transplanting (i.e., 15 or 20 weeks after sowing). In both years, plants grew vigorously and at harvest approximately half of the plants under observation had developed one to three inflorescences. In 2008, the root yield (2940 kg ha⁻¹) harvested in nearly eight months from two consecutive hydroponic cultures was within the yield reported in the literature for field cultivations lasting two to four years. None of the selected CADs was found in the leaves, while the inflorescences (stem and capitulum) contained only caftaric acid and echinacoside at concentrations higher than the detection limits (0.05 mg g⁻¹ dry weight). Echinacoside, cynarin and chlorogenic acid were found in root tissues at concentrations ranging from 0.36 to 5.25 mg g⁻¹ dry weight. In all plant samples, echinacoside, which is the marker compound for E. angustifolia material, did not reach the minimum quality standard (10 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) for the production of standardized extract. We concluded that short-cycle, high-density greenhouse hydroponic culture stimulates plant growth and root production in E. angustifolia, but it does not ensure sufficient CADs accumulation in dried roots.     

Reduction of Seed Dormancy in Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. by In-dark Seed Selection and Breeding

Strong seed dormancy has been an obstacle for field production of Echinacea species. Previous research on overcoming Echinacea seed dormancy has been extensive and focused on treatment methods, which involve time and expense, and are incompatible with organic production if synthetic chemicals are used. We have attempted to genetically reduce seed dormancy through selection and breeding in Echinacea, by using Echinacea pallida as a model species. Three accessions were used in this study. Nine parent plants of each accession selected from early, in-dark germinated seeds (in-dark plants) or from late, in-light seeds (in-light plants) were planted and grouped by accession and germination treatment method for seed production through a polycross method. Germination tests indicated that these in-dark plants produced seed (in-dark seed) with significantly reduced seed dormancy when tested under light or dark condition in comparison to the seed of the in-light plants (in-light seed). Among the three accessions, the in-dark seed germinated at much higher rates than did the in-light seed, more than 2× at 25 °C under light and up to an 83× increase in darkness, and up to an 8× increase over the corresponding parental seed lots under comparable germination conditions. In addition to these increases in germination, the in-dark seed showed early and synchronized germination as compared to the in-light seed. Since these results were achieved through only one cycle of selection and breeding, they strongly suggest that we have developed a very effective method for modifying seed dormancy in Echinacea.     

大石围天坑群鳞毛蕨科药用蕨类植物资源调查

[目的]掌握大石围天坑群区鳞毛蕨科药用蕨类植物资源现状。[方法]通过野外实地考察、标本采集、资料查阅及标本鉴定,对大石围天坑群区鳞毛蕨科药用蕨类植物进行了调查研究;并对鳞毛蕨科药用蕨类植物地理分布及其药用价值进行了介绍。[结果]大石围天坑群区具有药用价值的鳞毛蕨科蕨类植物共有4属,分别为复叶耳蕨属（Arachniodes Blume）、贯众属（Cyrtomium Presl）、鳞毛蕨属（Dryopteris Adanson）和耳蕨属（Polystichum Roth）;共15种,其中,复叶耳蕨属有1种,为西南复叶耳蕨[Arachiodes assamica（Kuhn）Ohwi];贯众属共有5种,分别为贯众（C.fortunei J.Sm）、尖羽贯众[C.hookerianum（Presl）C.Chr]、尖耳贯众[C.caryotideum（Wall.exHook.et Grev.）Presl]、镰羽贯众[C.balansae（Chrit）C.Chr.]和山地贯众（C.forunei J.Sm）;鳞毛蕨属共有5种,分别为黑色鳞毛蕨（Dryopteris fuscipes C.Chr）、奇数鳞毛蕨[D.sieboldii（van Houtte）O.Ktze.]、变异鳞毛蕨[D.ryopteris varia（L.）O.Ktze]、狭鳞鳞毛蕨[D.dickinsii（Baker）C.Chr.]和齿头鳞毛蕨[D.labordei（Christ）Ching];耳蕨属共有4种,分别为黑鳞大耳蕨[Polystichum makinoi（Tagawa）Tagawa]、革叶耳蕨（P.neolobatum Nakai）、乌鳞耳蕨（P.piceo-paleaceum Tagawa）和对马耳蕨[P.m tsus-simense（Hook.）J.Sm]。大石围天坑群区蕨类植物根据药物功效可以归为清热止痛类、平喘化痰类、解毒利尿类、止血收敛类、驱寄生虫类、治骨伤类、抗病毒和抗肿瘤类及镇惊、平肝、降压、安神类。[结论]大石围天坑群区独特的地理和气候条件十分适宜蕨类植物的生长繁衍,蕨类植物资源分布数量与繁殖程度上较为丰富,是桂西重要的植物资源,且该地蕨类植物中的植物活性成分相对较高,保护这一重要资源的生物多样性及实现其可持续利用具有重要意义。该研究可为进一步研究和分析鳞毛蕨科植物的药用及开发利用价值提供资料。     

药用植物抗旱研究进展

从生长发育、生理生化、有效成分等方面概述了近年来药用植物对干旱胁迫响应的研究成果,提出了提高药用植物抗旱性的途径,以期为药用植物抗旱机理研究和探索提供一定理论依据。