嗜水气单胞菌在浸泡感染团头鲂的组织动态分布

利用具有绿色荧光蛋白基因标记的嗜水气单胞菌(WJ-8G FP)对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)进行浸泡攻毒试验,探究温度对浸泡感染后嗜水气单胞菌在团头鲂各组织分布的影响。实验设立A组(水温25℃),B组(水温32℃),C组(水温25℃),其中C组为对照组。用菌株WJ-8G FP对实验组A、B进行浸泡攻毒,试验组C不进行攻毒处理,攻毒后分别于2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h采集各组鱼血液、脾、肾、鳃、肠道、肌肉,培养法统计分析各组织器官上的荧光细菌数量。实验结果显示,在各取样时间段实验组A(25℃)和实验组B(32℃)团头鲂各组织在均能检测到荧光嗜水气单胞菌,对照组未检测到嗜水气单胞菌;最高菌量出现在鳃,且鳃上嗜水气单胞菌数量显著大于其他组织(P0.05),其次是脾、肾;组织内的菌量随时间大体呈现先上升后下降的趋势;B实验组中各组织菌量显著大于A实验组(P0.05)。研究结果表明,鳃是嗜水气单胞菌浸泡感染团头鲂的主要组织器官,与25℃相比较,在水温32℃时团头鲂被嗜水气单胞菌感染的风险更高。     

高温快速盐浴渗氮提高拖拉机曲轴性能

为提高拖拉机曲轴盐浴渗氮效率,选择用于生产拖拉机曲轴的常用材料45钢,分别进行不同保温时间的高温快速盐浴渗氮和常规盐浴渗氮。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和电化学工作站对渗层的显微组织、物相、硬度和耐蚀性进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明:经过660℃×20 min高温盐浴渗氮处理后化合物层的厚度与560℃×140 min常规盐浴渗氮相近,表明高温盐浴渗氮可以显著缩短渗氮的时间。在化合物层厚度相近的情况下,高温盐浴渗氮处理后渗层中γ'-Fe4N相含量从常规盐浴渗氮的0.46增加到0.61,同时,截面最高硬度从常规盐浴渗氮的702提高到784 HV0.01,并且耐蚀性能也获得了提高。该研究可为提升盐浴渗氮技术应用于45钢拖拉机曲轴表面改性工艺方案提供参考。     

温度和物料配比对城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪水浴法好氧堆肥的影响

[目的]探究温度和物料配比对城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪水浴法好氧堆肥的影响,为大规模好氧堆肥提供技术指导与理论基础。[方法]以恒温水浴锅、空气泵、气体转子流量计、温度计、发酵瓶与洗气瓶为材料,构建水浴法温控好氧堆肥装置,开展城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪质量比分别为2∶3,2∶1,3∶1,5∶1(分别命名A,B,C,D组)水浴法堆肥试验。[结果]城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪发酵堆肥微生物代谢活性最佳温度在50～55℃之间,当温度≥55℃,微生物对有机物的降解受到明显抑制。从温度变化看,A—D组堆肥均经历了升温期、高温期、降温期和中温期。A—D组堆肥氮素损失率分别为47.11%±0.55%,63.82%±1.05%,53.43%±0.71%和36.38%±0.83%,D组堆肥的保氮量最高。从种子发芽率与发芽指数看,A—D组堆肥产物发芽率分别为96.7%±2.11%,96.7%±2.25%,84.4%±1.98%和96.7%±2.06%,堆肥产物均达到腐熟度评价标准(≥80%)。[结论]城市园林绿化废物与鸡粪水浴法好氧堆肥最佳温度为50～55℃,D组堆肥的保氮量最高,4组堆肥产物均达到腐熟度评价标准。     

Novel in vivo use of a polyvalent Streptomyces phage to disinfest Streptomyces scabies-infected seed potatoes

A highly virulent and polyvalent Streptomyces phage was isolated from a potato field near Albany, Western Australia. The efficacy of the isolated phage to disinfest seed potato tubers artificially inoculated with a common scab-causing streptomycete was evaluated. The phage suspension was prepared in a mini-bioreactor. Diseased potatoes were bathed in a phage suspension (1 × 10⁹ plaque-forming units per mL) for 24 h. The suspension was constantly circulated within a novel 25 L phage bath by means of an air-sparging pipe driven from an air compressor. Phage-treated scab-affected seed potatoes planted into free-draining polystyrene boxes containing steam-pasteurized field soil produced tuber progeny with significantly ( P  < 0·05) reduced levels of surface lesions of scab (1·2%) compared with tubers harvested from nonphage-treated tubers (23%). The number of scab lesions was also significantly reduced ( P  < 0·05) by phage treatment of mother tubers. No significant differences were recorded in weight, size or number of harvested tubers from phage-treated or nontreated mother tubers. This is the first in vivo study that has used Streptomyces phage to significantly disinfest seed potatoes of Streptomyces scabies and thereby reduce contamination of soil from seed-tuber-borne inoculum and reduce infection of daughter tubers.     

速生杨木染色-材色变化规律研究初探

本研究采用适宜木材染色的大红GR和嫩黄G酸性染料,对人工速生树种-杨木的漂白单板和未漂白单板进行染色.测定染色单板染色前后的颜色,计算染色前后的色差,并分析杨木单板染色后材色变化规律.试验结果表明,不同染料染色单板的变色度Eab与材色指数呈现不同的关系:红色染料a值增加和L值降低对Eab影响大;黄色染料b值增加决定了Eab的变化.     

Essential oil of Lippia grata (Verbenaceae) is effective in the control of monogenean infections in Colossoma macropomum gills,a large Serrasalmidae fish from Amazon

This study investigated the efficacy of Lippia grata essential oil (EO) against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum and effects on the haematology after immersion baths. In the in vitro assays, the efficacy of 100, 250, 350 and 700 mg/L of L. grata EO and two controls were tested, of which one control was with the cultivation tank water and the other was with the tank water and 70% ethyl alcohol. Composition of majority bioactive compounds in the EO was carvacrol (48.12%), p‐cymene (24.39%) and γ‐terpinene (2.49%). Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, Mymarothecium boegeri and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni obtained of fish gills showed 100% immobilization in the in vitro assays when exposed to 700 and 350 mg/L after 30 min and 2 hr respectively. Fish showed tolerance to 700 mg/L of the EO, which was used in therapeutic in three consecutive baths, which caused lamellar hyperplasia in C. macropomum gills. The 700 mg/L of the EO in the therapeutic baths showed an efficacy of 95.1% against the monogeneans and caused decrease in haemoglobin, whereas control fish showed a reduction in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Results indicated that 700 mg/L of L. grata EO is a safe and effective concentration to treat C. macropomum infected with monogeneans.     

搅拌式高精度恒温槽设计与试验

根据高精度温度计量器具检定和校准需求,设计了一种搅拌式高精度恒温槽.在结构上,优化恒温槽内筒结构,内筒采用上搅拌式结构,搅拌腔和工作腔分开,由上下连通结构连为一体,设计了整流格栅和工作介质循环系统,确保筒内工作介质循环和热交换的稳定进行,提高了温场分布的均匀性和稳定性.在温度控制上,采用增量式PID(Proportio...     

水浴法提取怀菊花总黄酮工艺研究

以芦丁为对照品,正交设计优化怀菊花中总黄酮水浴提取条件,于505 nm处采用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量。结果表明,总黄酮在0～50μg/mL范围内,吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,水浴法提取怀菊花总黄酮的最佳提取条件为A1B1C3,即温度60℃、乙醇浓度60%、料液比1∶10、提取2次、提取1 h,提取率为109.74 mg/g。回归方程为:y=0.01058x-0.01233,R2=0.9973,平均加标回收率为98.16%,RSD为0.210%。该方法成本低,无污染,操作简便,结果准确,可作为怀菊花的质量控制方法。     

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in Converter Combined Blown Bath

The fluid flow mathematic models in converter combined blown are set up.It is simulated for flow state and velocity distribution of gas and stir action in different behaviours of bottom blown,top blown and combined blown by software PHOENICS(Parabolic Hyperbolic or Elliptic Numerical Integration Codes Series).In normal operation condition of ejection guns,the fluid flow in bath is axisymmetric three-dimensions flow.The results reveal out dynamic main area and slowness cyclone zones,also asked dead zone abating or erasing in practice.These shows that bottom blown gun ought to 0.5~0.7 circumference diameter of fused bath using top-bottom combined blown process.     

有机-无机复混肥中有机质测定方法的比较研究

采用稀释热法、沸水浴法和油浴法分别测定有机-无机复混肥的有机质含量,并比较了3种方法的精度与准确度。结果表明:沸水浴法和油浴法测定复混肥有机质的相对标准偏差(RSD)和回收率均符合实验要求,值得推广应用;而稀释热法的相对标准偏差(RSD)随着复混肥有机质含量的增加呈上升趋势,为0.55%~6.24%,且单个样品回收率有时超出100%±5%范围。与沸水浴法和油浴法相比,稀释热法的稳定性和准确性相对较差。同时,本研究以灼烧法为参照方法得出稀释热法、沸水浴法、油浴法测定有机-无机复混肥有机质含量的氧化校正系数分别为1.63、1.49、1.24,高于用此3种方法测定土壤有机质含量时的氧化校正系数。