猪场建设中“水”问题的探讨

给水及排水是在猪场规划建设时就应该统筹考虑的重大问题。从给水工程设计和废水处理两方面探讨了猪场建设中所涉及的"水"问题,介绍了水源、水量、水质、水温控制、施工要点、废水处理方式等诸多细节,以供同行参考。     

兔脑炎原虫病防制研究进展

兔脑炎原虫病是由兔脑炎原虫引起的一种人畜共患的寄生虫病 ,该虫可感染各种动物和人。其中以兔的感染较为严重 ,且多为隐性或慢性感染。因此对兔脑炎原虫病的诊断、预防及治疗显得非常重要。过去对此病的诊断通常采用病理组织学检查法或血清学等方法 ,而且没有有效防治该病的措施。随着近年来国际上对此病研究的深入 ,出现了一些新型的诊断技术如 PCR技术和透射电镜术等 ,并能用一些药物进行防治 ,如阿苯达唑和多胺等。文章重点就诊断和防治两方面进行了概述     

Viral diseases of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

The ostrich is an important animal in many livestock industries. A significant threat to this industry is losses from diseases. Newcastle disease is a notifiable, highly contagious viral infection of ostriches. Avian influenza may be transmitted from waterfowl, shorebirds and gulls to ostriches. Borna disease virus is a viral neurotropic infection spread mainly by rodents and felines. Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever is a viral disease transmitted by Hyalomma ticks to humans. Avipoxvirus afflicts ostrich chicks and is transmitted by mosquitoes or by direct contact with a pox lesion. Maintenance of a healthy and profitable enterprise requires the implementation, with assistance from the local veterinary authority, of comprehensive, practical and effective methods of health management and preventative medicine.     

张掖市肉用母牛乏情不育原因分析与防治对策

文章根据张掖市近年来户养肉用母牛乏情不育发病率上升现状,随机调查了甘州区沙井镇、临泽县倪家营乡等6个乡镇母牛饲养管理、饲料的种类、成分及来源和人工授精状况,结合母牛生殖机能紊乱和全身变化等情况进行研究分析,得出母牛营养性乏情不育结论并提出防治对策。     

犬髋关节发育异常的研究进展

犬髋关节发育异常是一种常发于4～10月龄大型品种幼犬,由遗传和其它因素所致的复合性进行性疾病。典型临床特征为疼痛,跛行,主要病理变化为髋臼变浅,股骨头变形,髋关节不同程度的松弛,不完全脱位或全脱位,甚至发展为严重的退行性关节炎。从首次发现本病至今,对本病的遗传特点、诊断方法标准和各种治疗手段都有大量的研究。作者综述了犬髋关节发育异常的发病因素,常用的诊断和防控措施,从而为全面认识本病,并进行深入研究提供参考。     

划破草皮对不同地形高寒草甸草原土壤特征及地下生物量的影响

在青藏高原东缘东祁连山高寒草甸草原开展平地划破草皮和缓坡地划破草皮试验,研究了划破改良措施对土壤特征及地下生物量的影响。结果表明,划破干扰对土壤含水量和土壤紧实度的影响主要体现在7-8月,在此期间划破干扰对平地的改良效果均显著优于缓坡地;划破初期,划破干扰减小了平地与缓坡地划破沟内表层地下生物量,但经过4个月的生长季,划破改良显著增加了平地表层土壤地下生物量,而缓坡地表层土壤地下生物量反而较其对照区有所减小;划破处理可以有效增加平地各个土层有机碳含量,而对于缓坡地,反而降低了表层土壤有机碳含量。研究证实,平地划破草皮措施有利于生产力较低的高寒草甸草原禾草-嵩草草甸的综合改良,但划破草皮措施对以嵩草为优势种的缓坡地草甸草原需谨慎使用。     

金丝猴腹壁透创一例的治疗

陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心1只5岁金丝猴发生罕见的腹壁创伤,创口大小9 cm,大部分空肠、回肠和部分结肠脱出体外.经紧急实施手术治疗,术后抗菌消炎、镇痛镇静、补充营养、精心护理,10 d后基本康复.     

不同施肥水平与组合对饲用黑麦经济效益的影响及施肥决策

应用回归均匀设计构造试验方案,研究氮肥、磷肥、钾肥不同水平与组合对饲用黑麦经济效益的影响及优化施肥方案。结果表明,饲用黑麦干草价格较低时,应减少肥料投入以降低生产成本为主,使所获利润最大;干草价格较高时,应适量增加肥料投入以提高产量,从而获得较高利润; 在饲用黑麦生产中,施肥量多少取决于所追求的目标。以产量为目标,就要投入较高的施肥量,以经济效益为目标,就要求适宜的施肥量,考虑到牧草品质,就要求较多的施氮水平。只有饲用黑麦产品实行优质优价,才能基本达到三者目标的统一。综合考虑,施肥量投入应为N:225 kg/hm²左右,不应低于150 kg/hm²,P₂O₅为75 kg/hm²,K₂O为30 kg/hm²以下比较适宜。     

犊牛腹泻的病因分析与治疗对策

犊牛腹泻是犊牛常见的疾病,导致犊牛大量死亡和发育受阻,给养牛业带来了巨大的经济损失。笔者分析了犊牛腹泻的发病原因,提出了治疗对策,并对其临床症状,诊断和预防进行了论述,以期提高养殖效益。     

Feeding value of enset (Ensete ventricosum), Desmodium intortum hay and untreated or urea and calcium oxide treated wheat straw for sheep

Feed intake, in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization were evaluated in male sheep fed different fractions (leaf, pseudostem, corm, whole plant) of enset, untreated or 2% urea‐ and 3% calcium oxide‐ (CaO or lime) treated wheat straw and Desmodium intortum hay as sole diets. All feeds, except D. intortum hay and enset leaf had low crude protein (CP) content. Non‐fiber carbohydrate contents were higher in enset fractions, especially in pseudostem and corm relative to other feeds. Enset leaf and pseudostem had high calcium, phosphorus and manganese contents. Corm, whole enset and D. intortum hay were rich sources of zinc. Daily dry matter and CP intakes were higher (p < 0.05) in sheep fed D. intortum hay (830 and 133 g, respectively) than those fed pseudostem (92 and 7.8 g, respectively). Organic matter digestibilities were highest for corm (0.780) and whole enset (0.776) and lowest for D. intortum hay (0.534) and untreated wheat straw (0.522). The CP digestibility ranged from 0.636 in D. intortum hay to 0.408 in corm. Nitrogen (N) balance was highest (p < 0.05) in D. intortum hay (10.4 g/day) and lowest in corm (?1.3 g/day). Enset leaf could be a useful protein supplement whereas the pseudostem and corm could be good sources of energy.