Biomass allocation and nodulation of Gliricidia sepium under two cut-and-carry forage production regimes

The effects of two pruning regimes on the above-ground biomass allocation and nodulation of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp. (Leguminosae: Robinieae) were studied in a cut-and-carry forage production system under humid tropical conditions in Guadeloupe, French Antilles. The grass layer composed of a mixture dominated by Paspalum notatum Flügge (80%) and Digitaria decumbens Stent. The pruning regimes were partial pruning (ca. 50%) every two months and complete pruning every six months. The complete pruning caused an almost complete turnover of N2 fixing nodules. The nodule biomass decreased after the partial pruning, but the turnover was not complete. The nodule to foliage biomass ratio followed the same pattern under both treatments, and the values of the ratio converged towards the end of the experimental period. The maxima of standing nodule biomass were 7.2 and 13.0 kg ha−1 in the partially and completely pruned trees, respectively. The cumulative leaf fodder harvest was higher under partial pruning management, due to smaller litter loss. The branch biomass production was higher under complete pruning management. Grass production was not affected by the pruning pattern of G. sepium. It was concluded that the partial pruning management produces more fodder in the studied association, and the nodulation probably adjusts to the canopy N requirements. The potential N release to soil in the turnover of nodules of G. sepium (max. 0.82 kg ha−1) is negligible compared to the N export in tree and grass fodder harvest, 190 and 215 kg ha−1 in partially and completely pruned plots, respectively. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

桃综合贮藏保鲜技术研究Ⅰ.采收成熟度及采前处理对贮藏效果的影响

桃的采收成熟度与果实的耐藏性有较密切的关系。在７～８成熟时的绿熟期采收,经贮藏后果面新鲜,果实硬而脆,褐变和腐烂少;采收过晚则果实易软化,容易褐变和腐烂。采前１个月用１００ｍｇ／ｋｇＧＡ３处理有利于提高桃果实的耐藏性,贮藏后处理果的硬度比对照高１倍;采前１～２ｄ用５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ朴海因处理大久保、京玉和燕红桃,贮藏好果率分别增加２２．８％,２２．９％和１８．３％;采前用混合液（ＧＡ３５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,２,４－Ｄ５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,多菌灵２０００倍）处理可减慢桃果实在贮藏期间的生理代谢,并能较好地保持品质,腐烂和褐变指数分别比对照降低７．７％和４．０％。     

不同树种构成的重组木力学性能的试验研究与分析

试验测定了落叶松、桦木、杨木等树种构成的重组木板材的主要力学性能。结果表明,在一定的工艺条件下,重组木具有较高的静曲强度、弹性模量和握钉力等,适合于做结构材。根据试验结果,分析了树种、木束几何形状、铺装比等因素对重组木板材力学性能的影响。     

持续阴雨对不同播期玉米子粒含水率和机械粒收质量的影响

机械粒收是玉米生产发展的方向,是降低玉米生产成本提高市场竞争力的重要措施。黄淮海区玉米目前处于机械粒收技术示范推广的关键时期。本研究通过分析一年两地持续阴雨对不同播期玉米品种机械粒收质量的影响,为该技术的推广应用提供参考。试验选用华美1号、郑单958、登海605为材料,分析持续阴雨天气下播期、品种、密度对机械粒收质量的影响。结果表明,在持续降雨条件下,播期、品种和密度间的子粒含水率、破碎率存在显著差异,品种间的杂质率差异显著,品种、密度间的田间损失率差异显著。综合比较,持续阴雨天气条件下,子粒含水率是影响机械粒收质量的关键因素,主要通过影响子粒破碎率影响收获质量。     

不同采收期对沙田柚采后品质的影响

研究了不同采收期对梅州沙田柚（ＣｉｔｒｕｓｇｒａｎｄｉｓＯｓｂｅｋ）果实的品质及呼吸作用的影响。结果表明：过早采收的沙田柚,其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素Ｃ等的含量较适时采收的要低,而其有机酸含量及呼吸作用则较高。提出了梅州沙田柚最佳的采收期应是１１月上、中旬,即立冬前后,适宜采收的生理指标是可溶性固形物的质量分数为１３％。     

Correlation between fusaric acid production and virulence of isolates ofFusarium oxysporum that causes potato dry rot in South Africa

Summary Virulence of 12Fusarium oxysporum isolates was determined on three potato cultivars Late Harvest, BP1 and Kimberley Choice. The production of fusaric acid by the 12F. oxysporum isolates was also determined. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between fusaric acid production and virulence ofF. oxysporum isolates. Late Harvest was the most tolerant and BP1 the most susceptible cultivar. Virulence ranking, order of theF. oxysporum isolates with the different cultivars corresponded with the mean of value of the ranking order for all three cultivars. A correlation was found between virulence of isolates and fusaric acid production except for Late Harvest. Fusaric acid production may play a major role in the development of dry rot in potato tubers.     

污水潜水泵的密封

污水潜水泵的结构和输送介质的颗粒性,给轴封设计增加难度。针对这种情况。文章总结了潜污泵所用轴封。重点了副叶 设计和计算。并推导出简单,实用的计算公式。     

用突变模型研究森林蓄积的稳定性

模型构造的方法是以Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程描述生长量,假设采伐量为常量且等于生长量时,推导出折迭突变模型．此模型有助于管理层制定管理决策,防止森林消亡．该文又通过曲线采伐模型及Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ生长模型推导出尖角突变模型,这个模型给出了采伐将导致突变发生的敏感区域,而且通过模型的滞后性使人们清楚地意识到森林一旦遭受破坏,再想恢复需投入更大的力量．     

基于知识—数学模型的起重设备剩余寿命预测

阐述了机电设备剩余寿命预测的必要性,提出了知识－数学模型预测方法,开发了疲劳寿命的数学模型与知识模型相结合的计算机软件。该方法适用于多种劣化模式并存竞争的情况,具有一定的普遍性。以铁路货场起重机智能诊断为实例。     

苜蓿白粉病的研究

苜蓿白粉病（Ｌｅｖｅｅｉｌｌｕｌａ　ｌｅｇｕｍｉｎｏｓａｒｕｍ　Ｇｏｌｏｖ．）是我国北方地区近年来普遍发生的一种真菌病害,对于苜蓿的品质、适口性、产草量及种子产量均有较严重的影响。选育和推广优良抗病品种,是从根本上防治苜蓿白粉病的有效措施。在割草地、小面积试验或种子生产田适时刈割,或喷施灭菌丹、粉锈宁、甲基托布津是防治苜蓿白粉病的重要措施。