工业生产系统环境污染治理理念的探讨

随着世界经济的发展，地球环境日趋恶化。为了人类的生存和发展，必须实施可持续发展战略。文章在分析工业生产系统环境污染产生的原因和过程末端治理弊端的基础上，提出了从源头治理环境污染的理念——宏观上依据热力学第二定律，在中观上采用工业生态学原理，在微观上实施绿色制造和清洁生产，即从客观上运用熵、工业生态学、清洁生产和绿色制造的理论调配资源，组织工业企业，进行生产。最后对排灌机械的可持续发展战略的实施进行了探讨。     

玉米种子的机械损伤对其发芽率的影响

玉米种子质量是决定玉米产量的重要因素.目前,由于我国没有生产专用种子玉米脱粒机,玉米种子的脱粒只能采用打击原理设计的普通脱粒机,对玉米籽粒伤害较大,从而影响了种子在田间的出苗率以及植株整个生长发育过程.为此,针对不同部位有机械损伤的玉米种子对其发芽率的影响进行了分析,进而为新型低损伤玉米种子脱粒机的研制提供作用部位与作用方向的参考.     

我国低温冷冻害的发生规律分析

本研究简要介绍了低温冷冻害的类型及影响,重点分析了我国冷冻害的时空格局,探讨了全国范围内冷冻害的发生情况.我国受低温冷冻害影响的范围非常广,其中东北和黄淮海地区是影响最大的两个区域,并且近十几年来我国黄淮平原及华中部分地区有加重趋势.云南和广东等华南和西南地区也经常出现不同程度的冷害.个别年份强度非常大.近20年来,我国低温冷冻害经历了减弱-增强-减弱的过程.1992～1999年是冷冻害影响最严重的时段,其中1998年全国总受灾面积867万hm-2,仅江苏、安徽两省就超过了500万hm-2.2000年及以后的几年强度有所降低,但平均每年的受灾面积仍高于370万hm-2.1986～1991年、1992～1999年、2000～2005年3个时段内各省区冷冻害发展变化趋势的分析表明,我国大部分省区冷冻害强度在不断加大,其中有8个省区年平均受灾面积上升辐度超过lO万hm-2.     

南美斑潜蝇的发生危害与综合防治

对南美斑潜蝇的生物学特性、分布及危害情况进行了简要介绍,提出了几项综合防治措施。     

细胞分裂素对冷害水稻幼苗膜保护酶热稳定蛋白和能量代谢的影响研究

低浓度６－苄基腺嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）处理水稻种子,能维持冷害水稻苗叶绿体较高的能量水平,利于稻苗的各种生理生化反应;可提高冷害水稻幼苗膜保护酶ＳＯＤ,ＰＯＤ,ＣＡＴ的活性,降低膜脂过氧化产物ＭＤＡ的含量,还能提高热稳定蛋白和ＡＴＰ的含量。亚细胞组分测定表明,ＡＴＰ主要存在于叶绿体和线粒体中,细胞溶质中的含量很少。     

光肩星天牛对小美旱杨幼林生长量危害损失的初步研究

1987年在山东费县祊河林场大滩分区栽植了3片感光肩星天牛的小美旱杨试验林,其立地条件一致,分别为天然接虫区、人工接虫区和对照区,整个试验区与外界虫源地之间由祊河自然隔离.1988年开始人工接虫,并逐年记录虫口密度和树木生长量.当光肩星天牛危害7年生以下的小美旱杨,且每株4年的累积刻槽数为9.4个,或排粪孔数为5.7个时:①与对照区相比较,人工接虫区小美旱杨的胸径、树高和材积生长分别下降14.06％、21.15％和37.49％;生物量下降37.75％;②光肩星天牛在侵害胸径约为7.0cm以下的小美旱杨幼林时,喜选择在径级较粗的树上刻槽和产卵.     

纵坑切梢小蠹对加勒比松的为害

对纵坑切梢小蠹在白云山不同变种加勒比松的为害状况进行了初步调查，掌握了该虫为害松树的特征如：侵入孔部位、侵入孔直径、侵入孔道长度、为害梢直径、为害梢长度等，发现纵坑切梢小蠹对疏叶型本种加勒比松的春梢为害较严重。     

木粉加入量对木／塑复合材料性能影响的研究

研究了聚丙烯与木粉以不同比率复合而成的材料的物理力学性能和复合形态特征。结果表明：不同混合比率的聚丙烯与木粉进行复合后所得的复合材料，除冲击强度有所降低外，其它力学性能均比纯聚丙烯的有较大幅度的提高。木粉表面的酯化处理可以改善木塑界面之间的相容性和复合材料的均匀性。在木塑复合过程中木塑之间发生镶嵌现象使木塑之间产生物理结合。     

Responses of Pinus massoniana and Pinus taeda to freezing in temperate forests in central China

Abstract

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), a native species widely distributed in temperate forests in central China, and Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), an exotic tree species introduced to China from southeastern United States, are dominant evergreen conifers that play a pivotal role in maintaining forest structure and functions for the region. We examined the effects of freezing on these species with chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage using both field- and laboratory-based experiments in September 2009 and January 2010, respectively. We found that freezing could cause a greater impact on the Loblolly pine than the Masson pine. Although the two species showed similar values of F _v /F _m and electrolyte leakage before freezing, the Masson pine needles showed lower F _v /F _m and higher electrolyte leakage ratios than those of the Loblolly pine when treated in low temperatures (?15 to 0°C). We also found that cold-acclimation was crucial for both species to adapt to low temperatures with the F _v /F _m ratio decreased approximately by 80% in the first freezing hour for the non-acclimated needles of both species while the cold-acclimated needles showed little changes in the F _v /F _m ratio. This finding is also supported by our measurements of electrolyte leakage. These results suggest that the Loblolly pine could be more susceptible to freezing damages than the Masson pine in central China.     

余甘子精粉的体外抗氧化活性分析

The antioxidant activities in vitro of refined powder of Phyllanthus emblica L. were detected by methods based on chemical measurement and cell modeling. The results of anti-peroxidation ability and iron reduction ability trials showed that the refined powder of P. emblica L. had strong ability of anti-peroxidation, and it increased with the increasing of concentration with a clear dose-response relationship. When the concentration reached 800 μg·mL^-1, the ability of anti-peroxidation was almost equal to the positive control VC with the same concentration. Meanwhile, it also had iron reduction ability that accompanied by significant dose-response relationship. By in vitro cell culture method, H₂O₂ was used to induce SH-SY5Y cells damages to establish the cell model of oxidative damage. The author detected the effect of different concentrations of powder on cell survival rate for the model cells by MTT assay. The results indicated that refined powder could show better protective effect to oxidative damaged SH-SY5Y cells in the range of 600 1 200 μg·mL^-1. When the concentration reached 1 200 μg·mL^-1, the cell survival rate was the highest and refined powder exhibited the best antioxidant activity. Both methods proved the strong antioxidant activities of refined powder of P. emblica L. in vitro.