山荆子嫁接俄罗斯花楸初步研究

本试验以2年生山荆子作砧木,2年生俄罗斯花楸苗木枝条的叶芽作接穗,通过春、夏两季的嫁接试验,总结出俄罗斯花楸嫁接繁殖规律.结果表明:夏季嫁接的平均成活率为90.6％,春季嫁接的平均成活率为91.7％.春季嫁接的成活率略高于夏季,两季差异不明显.     

山荆子中根皮苷和黄酮含量的测定及其乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性

【目的】测定山荆子鲜叶、茎皮和果中根皮苷及阴干的果实和叶中黄酮的含量,并比较阴干叶和果实乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性。【方法】采用超声波辅助甲醇提取山荆子鲜叶、茎皮和果实中的根皮苷,用高效液相色谱法测定提取物中目标产物的含量;用超声波辅助乙醇提取山荆子阴干叶和果实中的黄酮,用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠法测定其叶和果实中的黄酮含量,并通过清除DPPH、ABTS自由基和还原力比较研究其乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性。【结果】山荆子鲜叶、茎皮和果实中的根皮苷含量分别为(12.00±3.60),(21.60±6.10)和(1.18±0.15)mg/g;阴干的叶和果实中黄酮含量分别为(4.78±0.62)和(0.68±0.04)mg/g。在清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基活性及还原力方面,山荆子阴干叶乙醇提取物较果实的抗氧化活性强。【结论】超声波辅助提取技术结合HPLC法测定山荆子叶、茎皮和果实中根皮苷含量操作简单,重复性好,结果准确。山荆子阴干叶和果实的乙醇提取物都具有较强的抗氧化活性,且叶乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性较强。     

干旱胁迫下新源1号新疆野苹果抑制性差减文库的构建与初步分析

为分离和鉴定新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii Roem.)根组织干旱胁迫条件下差异表达的基因,以苗龄为3个月的新源1号新疆野苹果水培苗为材料,应用20%PEG 6000溶液处理模拟干旱胁迫,利用抑制性差减杂交(SSH)的方法构建了新疆野苹果根组织干旱胁迫诱导表达差减文库(正库)和抑制表达差减文库(反库).正库和反库随机各挑菌500个,菌落PCR显示插入片段在250~1000 bp之间.测序鉴定后共得到268个有效UniESTs.经Blastx和Blastn等生物信息学方法分析表明全部的UniESTs按可能的生物学功能可被分为16个大类,包括新陈代谢、能量、转录、蛋白质合成、蛋白质修饰降解、DNA加工、细胞信号转导等.     

供铁水平对不同苹果基因型生长及根系特性的影响

以小金海棠 (MalusxiaojinensisChengetJiang)和山定子 (MalusbaccataL .Borkh)为试材 ,研究供铁水平对其生长及根系特性的影响 ,结果表明 ,在幼苗生长量、新叶叶绿素含量、营养液pH日变化、根系活力、根系ATP酶活性诸方面 ,存在基因型差异。同一供铁水平 ,小金海棠有明显的铁胁迫反应 ,而山定子铁胁迫反应较弱。低铁胁迫处理 ,小金海棠叶片叶绿素含量、根系活力、根系ATP酶活性皆明显高于山定子。根系活力及根系ATP酶活性可用作铁高效基因型植物的筛选指标     

Effects of Plant and Soil Factors on Growth of Young Apple and Blackcurrant Plants

Abstract

Shoot growth as affected by plant size at planting, peat application in the planting hole, pruning, drip-irrigation and, for apple, specific apple replant disease (SARD) was investigated in apple (cv. Elstar) and blackcurrant (cvs Ben Lomond and Ben Nevis), using a multifactorial design. In the first year after planting, peat application and drip-irrigation enhanced shoot growth in both species, with a further interactional increase when both treatments were applied. The extension growth of apple, in contrast to blackcurrant, was positively related to plant size, and the strength of the relationship was distinctly improved when growth conditions were good. Pruning had only small effects on total shoot growth, with a trend towards an increase when growth conditions were poor.     

高寒冻土层地区不同土壤改良措施对花叶海棠光合特性的影响

为促进花叶海棠在天峻县的生长,采用不同比例的森林土、泥炭、腐熟羊粪、河砂和珍珠岩改良土壤,分析不同土壤改良措施下花叶海棠叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_2浓度。结果表明:在6个处理中,S_3(50%森林土+10%泥炭+10%腐熟羊粪+5%河砂+5%珍珠岩+20%原土)、S_2(40%森林土+10%泥炭+10%腐熟羊粪+5%河砂+5%珍珠岩+30%原土)处理的叶片平均净光合速率较大,分别为14.11μmol m~(-2)s~(-1)、13.72μmol m~(-2)s~(-1),增长率分别为17.58%、14.32%;S_3、S_6(10%森林土+50%泥炭+10%腐熟羊粪+5%河砂+5%珍珠岩+20%原土)处理的叶片平均蒸腾速率较大,分别为12.44mol m~(-2)s~(-1)、11.64mol m~(-2)s~(-1),增长率分别为65.65%、54.99%;S_6、S_3处理的叶片平均气孔导度较大,分别为0.455mol m~(-2)s~(-1)、0.426mol m~(-2)s~(-1),增长率分别为49.18%、39.68%;S_3处理的叶片平均胞间CO_2浓度较大,为280.1μmol mol~(-1),增长率为21.10%;不同土壤改良措施与花叶海棠叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及胞间CO_2浓度均呈极显著性相关(P0.01),与气孔导度呈显著相关(P0.05),经各项指标综合分析,筛选出经S_3处理的试验地最适宜花叶海棠生长。     

几种木本园艺植物塑料袋内密封扦插试验

本文报道在食品保鲜袋内密封扦插桂花、樱花、甜樱桃和苹果的试验结果。当年生半木质化至完全木质化插条经生根促进剂处理后，密封扦插在食品保鲜袋内的湿润基质上，放置空旷处，夏秋高温季节晴天适度遮阴。结果表明，塑料袋内的温度较稳定，基质始终保持刚扦插时的湿润状态，插条叶片全部或部分保持饱满、挺立。插条一周左右即可产生愈伤组织，３─４周便可出根。尽管在几种材料上获得的生根率差异较大，但都成功地生了根。在以“峨嵋仙土”为扦插基质，６月份晴天１０：００─１７：００时遮阴的条件下，樱花的生根率达７０％以上。     

新疆野苹果叶形性状变异及其与SSR标记关联分析

以从新疆天山地区新疆野苹果600个无性系中筛选得到的18个优系为研究对象,调查其叶形性状变异,并进行了SSR分子标记分析,探究叶形性状与SSR标记间的相关关系。结果表明,调查的15个叶形性状在无性系间均存在极显著差异;平均变异系数最大的为叶尖角α(达到25.39%),叶形指数L1/L3最小(仅为10.31%);叶片长的重复力最大(达到0.967),叶形指数L1/L3最小(仅为0.495)。以15个叶片性状为依据,可将各无性系完全区分开,并分为3类,各无性系间的遗传距离变化在1.293~7.235间。用均匀分布在17个染色体连锁群上的30对多态性SSR引物对18个无性系进行聚类分析,可将各无性系完全区分开,并可分为4类,各无性系间的遗传距离为0.089~0.689,平均遗传距离为0.433。所有叶形性状聚类结果与所有SSR标记聚类结果不相关。以单一叶形性状聚类结果与经过筛选的部分SSR标记聚类结果进行相关分析,绝大部分达到极显著相关,且大部分引物组合表现为累积效应,表明叶形性状与部分SSR位点具有紧密关联。     

Cytoplasmic relatedness of apple landraces and cultivars: a molecular analysis

Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity has been determined in apple landraces and cultivars, based upon restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for several mitochondrial genes. Our analysis includes three cultivars, Golden Delicious, McIntosh and Delicious, which represent the various patterns of mtDNA polymorphisms previously described (Ishikawa et al., 1992). A total of five RFLPs were detected, allowing classification of the apple genotypes into four cytoplasmic groups: GroupI, Golden Delicious-type; GroupII, McIntosh-type; GroupIII, Delicious-type; and Group IV, Dolgo Crab-type. European landraces and cultivars were assigned to Groups I, II, and III, while chinese crab apples were placed in either Group III or IV.     

Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple

The availability of molecular markers linked to mildew resistance genes would enhance the efficiency of apple-breeding programmes. This investigation focuses on the identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the Pl₁ gene for mildew resistance, which has introgressed from Malus robusta into cultivated apples. The RAPD marker technique was combined with a modified ‘bulked seg-regant analysis’ mapping strategy. About 850 random decamer primers used as single primers or in combinations were tested by PCR analysis on the basis of resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Selected primers producing RAPD fragments were applied in an additional selection step to M. robusta and genotypes representing intermediate breeding stages of the breeding population 93/9, for which a 1:1 segregation could be observed for the resistance trait. Seven RAPD markers, all representing introgressed DNA sequences from M. robusta, were identified and arranged with the Pl₁ locus in a common linkage group. The two most tightly-linked RAPD markers, OPAT20₄₅₀ and OPD2₁₀₀₀ were mapped with a genetic distance of 4.5 and 5 cM, respectively, from the Pl₁ gene. Both markers are suitable for marker-assisted selection in apple breeding. The polymorphic DNA fragment OPAT20₄₅₀ was cloned and sequenced, and longer primers for the generation of a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker have been constructed; this marker was easier to score than the original RAPD marker.