珠美海棠研究进展

珠美海棠抗逆性强,是改良利用盐碱地的优良资源,本文主要总结了其抗逆生理、繁殖、突变研究、分子标记、应用等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

生根剂处理对红缨海棠嫩枝扦插生根的影响

以2年生母树上当年生半木质化嫩枝为材料,采用L9 3^4正交试验设计,研究吲哚丁酸（IBA）、萘乙酸（NAA）及其组合对红缨海棠嫩枝扦插生根的影响。结果表明：红缨海棠嫩枝扦插生根类型为愈伤组织生根型;生根剂处理可以显著促进插穗生根,萘乙酸（NAA）对插穗生根的促进作用明显优于吲哚丁酸（IBA）,且插穗生根质量较好;用1000mg／LNAA溶液浸蘸插穗5s,生根率可达70％。     

苦杏仁精油对家蝇的触杀活性研究

[目的]研究含HCN和去HCN的苦杏仁精油对家蝇的触杀活性,为苦杏仁精油作为卫生害虫杀虫剂提供依据。[方法]采用“点滴法”测定含HCN和去HCN的苦杏仁精油对家蝇的触杀活性。[结果]2种苦杏仁精油对家蝇有很强的触杀活性,触杀活性随着处理时间的延长而增强,且去HCN的苦杏仁精油的杀虫活性高于含HCN的苦杏仁精油。[结论]苦杏仁精油对家蝇具有很强的触杀活性．可作为卫生害虫杀虫剂加以开发利用。     

几种木本园艺植物塑料袋内密封扦插试验

本文报道在食品保鲜袋内密封扦插桂花、樱花、甜樱桃和苹果的试验结果。当年生半木质化至完全木质化插条经生根促进剂处理后，密封扦插在食品保鲜袋内的湿润基质上，放置空旷处，夏秋高温季节晴天适度遮阴。结果表明，塑料袋内的温度较稳定，基质始终保持刚扦插时的湿润状态，插条叶片全部或部分保持饱满、挺立。插条一周左右即可产生愈伤组织，３─４周便可出根。尽管在几种材料上获得的生根率差异较大，但都成功地生了根。在以“峨嵋仙土”为扦插基质，６月份晴天１０：００─１７：００时遮阴的条件下，樱花的生根率达７０％以上。     

变叶海棠（Malus toringoides）X陇东海棠（M.kansuensis）研究

对兼性无融合生殖种变叶海棠(3x)和陇东海棠(2x)的杂种实生苗进行了鉴别和矮化效应预测。结果表明,4x 杂种苗占65.2%,3x 母体苗占34.8%。杂种苗的酶谱可分为偏母型、互补型和突变型。互补型酶谱杂种苗的平均根皮率和叶片过氧化物酶活性显著高于偏母型酶谱杂种苗。选出的7株杂种单株,酶谱均属于互补型或突变型,表明陇东海棠的特征酶带20和21与其矮化效应有关。利用过氧化物酶同工酶谱可对该组合杂种苗的矮化效应作初步预测。     

Method of Constructing Core Collection for Malus sieversii in Xinjiang, China Using Molecular Markers

The method for constructing core collection ofMalus sieversii based on molecular marker data was proposed. According to 128 SSR allele of 109 M. sieversii, an allele preferred sampling strategy was used to construct M. sieversii core collection, using the UPGMA （unweighted pair-group average method） cluster method according to Nei ＆ Li, SM, and Jaccard genetic distances, by stepwise clustering, and compared with the random sampling strategy. The number of lost allele and t-test of Nei＇s gene diversity and Shannon＇s information index were used to evaluate the representative core collections. The results showed that compared with the random sampling strategy, allele preferred sampling strategy could construct more representative core collections. SM, difference for construction of M. sieversii core collection. Jaccard, and Nei ＆ Li genetic distances had no significant SRAP （sequence-related amplified polymorphism） data and morphological data showed that allele preferred sampling strategy was a good sampling strategy for constructing core collection of M. sieversii. Allele preferred sampling strategy combined with SM, Jaccard, and Nei ＆ Li genetic distances using stepwise clustering was the suitable method for constructing M. sieversii core collection.     

‘哈伯’南天竹组织培养和快速繁殖

为建立‘哈伯’南天竹组织培养和种苗繁育技术体系,以半木质化带芽茎段为外植体材料开展植株再生研究。通过观察对比试验法、L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计完全随机法、极差分析、显著性检验、LSD多重比较,探讨了‘哈伯’南天竹组培的最适培养基配方。试验结果表明：最佳诱导培养基为MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + IBA 0.1 mg/L +蔗糖30 g/L,诱导萌动率71.77%,成活率85.51%;最佳增殖培养基为WPM +6-BA 1.5 mg/L + IBA 0.01 mg/L + 蔗糖30 g/L,增殖系数6.3;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + 蔗糖20 g/L + AC 0.2 g/L,生根率97.63%;试管苗移入泥炭土:珍珠岩=3:2(V/V)混合基质中,移栽成活率96.67%。该试验建立了高效稳定的组培快繁技术体系,得到的组培苗后代能够稳定的保持母本优良性状,为工厂化育苗提供了技术支撑。     

南天竹提取液对植物病原菌的抑菌活性

为了探明提取南天竹的最佳溶剂和其提取液的抑菌活性,采用生长速率法测定了南天竹4种不同溶剂提取液对水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、大葱紫斑病菌(Alternaria porri)和棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)的抑制作用。结果表明:南天竹4种不同溶剂提取液对4种植物病原菌菌丝生长速率都有一定的抑制作用。其中,南天竹乙酸乙酯提取液的抑菌活性能力最强,对水稻纹枯病菌、大葱紫斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌率分别为81.54%、73.71%、83.12%和82.81%,甲醇和乙醇提取液的抑菌活性能力次之,丙酮提取液的抑菌活性能力最弱。     

稳定供水对1年生平邑甜茶生长发育的影响

保证水源的稳定性、供水的及时性对果树生长是重要的 ,用海绵供水可以满足这样的试验条件。试验结果证明 ,土壤中一定区域存在稳定的水源 ,可以促使一年生平邑甜茶(MalushupehensisRehd.)植株良好地生长发育 ,全方位提高植株的功能和营养贮备水平     

Serological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Domestic Goose (Anser domestica) in Southern China

In the present study, the antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in 191 farm‐bred and 83 house‐bred geese (Anser domestica) were assessed for the prevalence of T. gondii infection in southern China with the modified agglutination test. Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT ≥ 1 : 5) were found in 27 (14.14%) of farm‐bred geese and 14 (16.87%) of house‐bred geese. Geese infected with T. gondii may be a source of T. gondii infection for humans and cats.