谷特菌对青稞生长及土壤生态效应的影响

为了解生物肥对西藏青稞生长的影响,开展了谷特菌不同施用时期(播前、青稞拔节期),不同施用量对青稞产量影响的试验,供试生物肥为谷特菌,供试青稞品种为春青稞藏青320。在青稞收获期采样分析了青稞生物产量和经济产量,同时采集土样分析了土壤蔗糖酶、微生物量N等指标。结果表明:(1)施用谷特菌促进青稞分蘖,增加成穗数,在拔节期施用还能提高青稞灌浆能力,增加青稞穗粒数,提高青稞产量;(2)施用谷特菌对土壤0~10 cm土层蔗糖酶活性影响大,表现为土壤蔗糖酶活性随谷特菌施用量增加而增强,当施用量相同时,拔节期施用谷特菌导致土壤蔗糖酶活性增强,但对土壤微生物量N影响无统一规律。     

肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦产量和品质的影响

为研究肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦品种产量和品质的影响,以啤用大麦品种扬农啤7号和饲食兼用大麦品种扬饲麦3号为材料,分析4种肥料运筹方式对大麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,在中等偏上肥力的土壤上,扬农啤7号优质高产施肥方式为基施尿素150 kg·hm^-2+复合肥375 kg·hm^-2,苗肥施尿素75 kg·hm^-2,拔节肥施尿素75 kg·hm^-2+复合肥225 kg·hm^-2,其产量水平在7 500 kg·hm^-2左右;主要啤酒麦芽品质接近国标二级,可适当减少氮肥用量及提前施用拔节肥改善扬农啤7号籽粒的麦芽品质。无论哪种肥料运筹方式,扬饲麦3号的麦芽品质指标均达不到国家二级麦芽标准,该品种不适宜作为啤酒大麦原料种植,宜作优质高产饲食大麦种植,其较佳肥料运筹方式为基施尿素75 kg·hm^-2+复合肥750 kg·hm^-2,拔节肥施尿素112.5 kg·hm^-2+复合肥375 kg·hm^-2,其产量水平在8 000 kg·hm^-2左右,籽粒蛋白质含量在14.0%左右。     

基于RNA-seq技术分析野生大麦穗部发育基因的表达谱及其转录动态

为明确野生大麦穗部发育过程中基因表达的动态变化,以来自以色列的野生大麦Mehula 1-2为材料,对其在穗部发育的4个关键时期（开花后3、8、13和18 d)进行RNA-seq分析,并与栽培大麦穗部的基因表达谱进行了比较。结果表明,在野生大麦穗发育的4个时间点共鉴定到17 163个基因,其中11 273个为差异表达基因,包括635个转录因子相关基因;功能富集分析表明,这些差异基因主要富集到物质合成、代谢过程、物质运输、抗逆等相关过程或通路上;野生大麦和栽培大麦穗部基因的表达谱比较分析发现,两者共同表达的基因显著富集到细胞器、催化、代谢、调节及抗逆等相关通路上,而在特异表达基因方面,栽培大麦主要集中于甲基转移酶、次生壁生物合成、核糖体蛋白等相关基因,野生大麦主要集中于逆境抗性、花青素合成、钙调蛋白等相关基因。本研究发掘的与穗部发育相关的关键基因,丰富了大麦穗部遗传改良基因资源,为进一步解析野生大麦穗部发育关键基因的表达特性和调控机制奠定了基础。     

青稞南繁加代技术及其意义

青稞作为西藏地区人们的主要粮食作物,其育种进程较长.为了加快其进程,在与西藏气候相当的云南元谋进行了6年的南繁加代技术实践,形成一套完备的适合青稞加代繁殖的技术.同时,总结该技术在选地、播种、田间管理和病虫害防治方面的经验,也指出南繁加代技术对促进缩短青稞育种年限和加速繁殖品种的重要意义.     

灌水量对啤酒大麦产量及品质的影响

在甘肃武威通过连续3 a田间试验,研究了不同灌水量对甘啤4号和甘啤7号产量和品质的影响。结果表明,3 a平均生育期灌水3 000 m3／hm2处理比灌水6 000 m3／hm2处理早熟3 d左右,但在年份和灌水量相同的情况下,甘啤4号与甘啤7号生育期基本相同。3 a基本苗和成穗数甘啤7号均高于甘啤4号,不同灌水量对同一品种的基本苗和成穗数影响不显著,灌水量对两个品种蛋白质含量影响不显著。在不同灌水量下,3 a平均千粒重甘啤4号均高于甘啤7号,两个品种3 aS,饱满度灌水3 000 m3／hm2处理均大于灌水6 000 m3／hm2处理。3 a平均折合产量灌水3 000 m3／hm2处理甘啤7号高于甘啤4号,灌水6 000 m3／hm2处理甘啤7号略低于或相当于甘啤4号。     

苏北沿海地区啤酒大麦施肥技术

苏北沿海地区具有啤酒大麦生长得天独厚的自然条件,其是全国优质啤酒大麦主产区之一。通过对啤酒大麦科学施肥原则的阐述,提出了当地优质啤酒大麦科学施肥的方法和技术要点。     

Repetitive cycling and simple recurrent selection in traditional barley breeding programs

Summary A critical examination of three representative barley development programs from three barley producing areas of the world reveals that the evolution of each can be explained by the concepts of simple or phenotypic recurrent selection. Typically, each has utilized only 13 to 16 separate genetic sources in their program. Most of the sources were introduced over 50 years ago and have been progressively recombined through a simple recurrent selection process. The time period required for selection, testing, and reincorporation of improved genetic recombinants into the breeding program, or the completion of a cycle of recurrent selection, ranged from 6.5 to 10.5 years. If the major operative force in barley breeding is recurrent selection, then additional attention should be given to increasing the genetic base and reducing the time required to complete cycles of selection.     

制麦过程中的酶变化

介绍了制麦过程中酶的变化情况及其作用。酶的变化特点是除大麦品性外 ,拟定制麦工艺不可忽视的重要因素。     

西藏野生瓶形大麦79个新变种的发现

本文报道了西藏野生瓶形大麦新变种79个，描述了其形态特征和分布，分析了变种特点。这对大麦分类和起源演化、资源保护和利用、遗传与育种工程等研究都具有重要意义。     

Veränderte Ährenfertilität bei einhalmiger Sommergerste durch Einsatz von Bioregulatoren

Changes in fertility of ears in monoculm summer barley after application of plant growth regulators
The effect of plant growth regulators (PGR) upon the structure of the ears in the monoculm summer barley Kindred Uniculm was tested during four years in pot experiments.
The influence of CCC + Ancymidol and RSW on yield structure of the whole plant and the ear which was divided in three parts (basal = 1.–5. spike internode, medial = 6.–10. spike internode, apical = off 11. spike internode) was measured. The application of PGR's in EC 32 increased kernel yield every year in a range from 11–21 %. Number of kernels were strongly improved while the thousand kernels weight remained unchanged. The increase in number of kernels in the apical zone was higher (26–64 %) than in the basal zone (0–10 %). Obviously "medial dominance" was reduced as the single kernel weight was the same in untreated plants.
The decrease of GA₁-content was evident after application of PGR's. A correlation between GA₁-content and plant height was found.