结合多等级代表性采样和模糊隶属度的区域土壤制图方法

High-resolution and detailed regional soil spatial distribution information is increasingly needed for ecological modeling and land resource management. For areas with no point data, regional soil mapping includes two steps: soil sampling and soil mapping. Because sampling over a large area is costly, efficient sampling strategies are required. A multi-grade representative sampling strategy, which designs a small number of representative samples with different representative grades to depict soil spatial variations at different scales,could be a potentially efficient sampling strategy for regional soil mapping. Additionally, a suitable soil mapping approach is needed to map regional soil variations based on a small number of samples. In this study, the multi-grade representative sampling strategy was applied and a fuzzy membership-weighted soil mapping approach was developed to map soil sand percentage and soil organic carbon(SOC) at 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths in a study area of 5 900 km2 in Anhui Province of China. First, geographical sub-areas were delineated using a parent lithology data layer. Next, fuzzy c-means clustering was applied to two climate and four terrain variables in each stratum. The clustering results(environmental cluster chains) were used to locate representative samples. Evaluations based on an independent validation sample set showed that the addition of samples with lower representativeness generally led to a decrease of root mean square error(RMSE). The declining rates of RMSE with the addition of samples slowed down for 20–40 cm depth, but fluctuated for 0–20 cm depth. The predicted SOC maps based on the representative samples exhibited higher accuracy, especially for soil depth 20–40 cm, as compared to those based on legacy soil data. Multi-grade representative sampling could be an effective sampling strategy at a regional scale. This sampling strategy, combined with the fuzzy membership-based mapping approach, could be an optional effective framework for regional soil property mapping. A more detailed and accurate soil parent material map and the addition of environmental variables representing human activities would improve mapping accuracy.     

奶山羊ESCO2基因克隆及其功能的初步研究

乙酰基转移酶2 (establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2,ESCO2)主要作用为调控姐妹染色单体的凝聚,在细胞DNA双链断裂损伤修复中发挥着重要的作用.本研究以关中奶山羊(Capra hircus)作为实验材料,利用PCR、qRT-PCR、生物信息学、免疫荧光染色等方法,分析其基因序列以及表达规律,克隆ESCO2基因,同时构建真核表达载体pESCO2-IRES2-AcGFP并转染奶山羊雄性生殖干细胞(mGSCs-I-SB细胞).结果表明,奶山羊ESCO2基因(GenBank登录号:KP341998.1)全长为1 834bp,编码612个氨基酸.与其他物种相比,均具有较高的同源性,与牛(Bos taurus)的同源性高达97.82％.ESCO2基因在奶山羊的多个器官中广泛表达,尤其在心脏、肺部表达较高,肝、脾、睾丸次之.ESCO2基因从山羊出生后开始持续高表达,且表达量随山羊年龄增加而升高,一岁时达到最高,随之开始下降.转染pESCO2-IRES2-AcGFP表达载体的mGSCs-I-SB细胞的减数分裂相关基因表达量明显提高,证明ESCO2基因在奶山羊减数分裂和精子发生过程中发挥了重要的作用.本研究结果为进一步研究奶山羊精原细胞减数分裂的精密调控提供了分子基础.     

压力输水树状管网遗传优化布置和神经网络优化设计

分别应用单亲遗传算法和Hopfield神经网络方法进行机压式树状管网的优化布置和优化设计,能够在管网投资最小的最优树状管网布置形式上,获得年费用最低的最优设计方案。研究表明:该方法是可行的和有效的,能减小管网工程投资,提高设计水平和设计效率     

棉花质核不育材料晋A的发现与观察

发现并系统观察了棉花雄性不育材料晋Ａ。通过镜检、自交、测交、回交、开放授粉和网罩试验表明，此材料不育性完全而稳定，陆地棉品种可作其完全保持系，海岛棉品种可使其育性恢复，是我国新发现的又一质核不育材料。其不育胞质来自陆地棉，但与其它胞质系不同，这一发现为棉花三系配套、实现产量上的突破提供了新的胞质基因源。     

芝麻基因雄性不育系的研究

通过群体改良对芝麻雄性不育原始材料进行基因重组，产生了大量优秀变异。用系内连续姊妹交，回效等手段育在敢综合农艺性状良好，不育度为９９％以上，不育株率稳定在５０％左右可供可杂交种生产应用的ｍｓ８６－１不育系。形态学研究证明，所选不育系雄蕊败育彻 底，雌蕊发育正常，具有正常的结籽能力；小孢子败育发生在四分体后的无液泡小孢子期；雄性不育性具有良好的环境稳定性。根据初步的遗传分析推测，不育性可能不是受单隐     

石刁柏性别表现与同工酶的关系

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对石刁柏（ＡｓｐａｒａｇｕｓｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓＬ．）雌雄植株不同器官及不同组织的过氧化物酶同工酶谱进行了研究，结果表明，除根部外，尽管鳞片、茎尖、拟叶等器官酶谱有明显差异，但雌雄株间差异有相同的趋势。雄株均比相应的雌株少一条酶带，雌雄植株组织培养获得的愈伤组织和茎尖过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱差异也有类似的规律。说明石刁柏性别差异与过氧化物酶同工酶的数目有关，过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异可以作为性别鉴定的指标。     

大黍的大小孢子发生,雌雄配子体发育及其淀粉动态

通过石蜡切片,在光学显微镜下系统观察了大黍有性生殖过程中大小孢子发生、雌雄配子体发育及其淀粉动态。大黍花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层４层细胞组成。在花药发育过程中,表皮细胞始终积累大、小不等的圆球状内含物,该内含物经ＰＡＳ、苏木精分别染色均呈负反应。表皮细胞外壁在花粉成熟时期略有增厚,且具小刺状突起。绒毡层细胞属腺质型。小孢子母细胞在减数分裂过程中胞质分裂属连续型。成熟花粉粒富含较大颗粒的淀     

温度对水稻光敏、温敏核不育基因表达影响的研究

在温度和光照自动控制的生物人工气候箱内研究了温度对安农S-1等6个温敏（Thermo-sensitive)不育材料和农垦58S等4个光敏(Photo-sensitive)不育基因表达的影响。结果表明：温敏不育材料在高温（昼温31℃，夜温28℃）条件下为不育，在低温（昼温24℃，夜温22℃）条件下为可育。它们对温度敏感的时期在花粉母细胞形成期至单核花     

甘蓝型三系杂交油菜种子生产中的难题及其解决途径

本文概述了甘蓝型油菜三系育种的现有水平,分析了三系杂交油菜种子生产及一代种在大面积推广应用中存在的问题。根据几年的试验研究结果,作者认为:(1)采用异地异季(即高海拔区春播)制种技术途径,可以有效地解决三系杂交油菜种子生产中的难题;(2)该项新的制种技术途径具有其生产应用价值。     

高粱非买罗细胞质A_2、A_3雄性不育系研究

非买罗细胞质A_2、A_3雄性不育系的研究表明:现有A_1系统保持材料对A_2、A_3仍具有保持能力,A_2、A_3系统的保持系对A_1表现为恢复.A_1系统恢复系,不同生态型的材料对A_2恢复能力不同,中国高粱仍具恢复能力,部分印度高粱表现为保持,A_1、A_2的恢复系对A_3均表现为保持.研究认为:A_2扩大了细胞质利用范围,加强“A_2带”的利用,可有效地促进高粱育种的生产.