不同深度垫料对养猪土著微生物发酵床稳定期微生物菌群的影响

通过对养猪土著微生物发酵床稳定期时核心发酵层的判断以及对该发酵床土著微生物的分布进行分析,旨在探讨不同深度垫料对养猪土著微生物发酵床稳定期微生物菌群的影响。试验分别从发酵床的表层和深30、40、50、70cm处取垫料样品后测其温度、pH值、自由水、硝态氮和粗纤维,并从中分离纯化出22株菌,采用16SrDNA序列分析鉴定微生物种类。结果表明,表层垫料温度显著小于其他4层（P〈0.05）,并且随着深度加深垫料温度依次降低;表层垫料pH值显著高于其他4层（P〈0.05）,其中30、40cm处垫料pH值相等,50、70cm处垫料pH值相等,40、50cm处垫料差异显著,整体呈下降趋势;表层垫料自由水、硝态氮和粗纤维含量与30cm处垫料含量差异不显著,从整体上看,30、40、50、70cm深垫料的自由水和硝态氮含量呈下降趋势,而粗纤维含量呈上升趋势;表层活菌数显著（P〈0.05）小于30cm深处垫料活菌数,30、40、50、70cm深垫料的活菌数依次降低。结果表明,30cm深处为该发酵床的核心发酵层,地衣芽孢杆菌为该发酵床的主要土著菌种。表层垫料的各项指标受环境影响较大,其所存在的菌种主要为大肠埃希菌属。40cm深处所分离的菌种主要为乙酰微小杆菌。50、70cm深处除分离出地衣芽孢杆菌外还分离出其他多种微生物。稳定期土著微生物发酵床各层的菌种分布主要与外界环境的变化有关。     

Yield and mineral content of ten enset (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ensete ventricosum</Emphasis>) varieties

A study was conducted to evaluate the macro and trace mineral contents of ten enset varieties collected from Sidama zone of southern Ethiopia. Samples of leaf lamina, leaf midrib, pseudostem and corm were taken from ten enset varieties at the age of 5 to 6 years during the main rainy season. The dry weight of each variety and fraction were also determined. Mineral contents in fractions of different enset varieties were analysed and compared with nutrient requirements of ruminants. The contribution of different enset fractions to the total dry weight was variable (P < 0.05), the highest being from pseudostem and the lowest from leaf lamina. There were varietal differences (P < 0.05) in macro and trace mineral content in different fractions except phosphorus (P) content of leaf lamina. Most enset fractions were rich sources of major minerals such as P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) (except corm) and magnesium (Mg). Sodium (Na) content was very low. Most fractions were rich in iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), but deficient in copper (Cu), except leaf lamina. Zinc (Zn) content was high in corm, but low in other fractions. This account of the macro and trace mineral content of different enset varieties and fractions could help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate mineral deficiencies.     

甜瓜重组自交系群体第1雌花开花期遗传分析

以美国早花厚皮甜瓜品系WI998为母本（P1）,中国晚花薄皮甜瓜品系3-2-2为父本（P2）杂交所得的包括185个家系的重组自交系（RIL）群体为试验材料,通过RIL群体主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析法,研究不同季节第1雌花开花期（DFF）的遗传特点。结果表明：春秋两季第1雌花开花期遗传均受2对重叠性主基因+加性多基因模型（E_1_8）控制,春季主基因遗传率为77.05%,多基因遗传率为22.44%;秋季主基因遗传率为72.38%,多基因遗传率为27.52%。表明甜瓜DFF主基因遗传力大于多基因遗传力,DFF主要受主基因控制,并在不同季节遗传稳定。     

Protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing MHCⅡ expression

AIM: To investigate whether the protective effect of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism is achieved through down-regulating major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ (MHCⅡ) in the adipose tissue. METHODS: Adiponectin knockout (KO) mice and C57BL/6(WT) mice were fed with high-fat diet and standard diet for 24 weeks, respectively. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hepatic histology, and class Ⅱ trans-activator (CⅡTA), histocompatibility 2 class Ⅱ antigen E beta (H2-Eb1) and cluster of differentiation 74(CD74) mRNA and MHC Ⅱ protein levels in adipose tissue were measured at sacrifice. siRNA targeting MHC Ⅱ and overexpression vector was used in 3T3-L1 cells to explore the effect of adiponectin on the protein level of MHCⅡ. RESULTS: The levels of body weight, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, hepatic steatosis, CⅡTA, H2-Eb1 and CD74 mRNA expression, and MHCⅡ protein expression in the KO mice were higher than those in the WT mice that fed with high-fat diet or standard diet. In 3T3-L1 cells, inhibition of adiponectin reversed MHC Ⅱ protein level induced by specific siRNA. The expression of MHC Ⅱ in adipocytes decreased after adiponectin was overexpressed. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin improves glucose and lipid metabolism through suppressing the expression of MHCⅡ in the adipose tissue.     

五个猕猴桃新品种的引进筛选研究

于2008～2010对从贵州各地引进的"贵长"、"海沃特"、"79-2"、"秦美"、"华光"5个猕猴桃品种在当地试种后,调查研究各品种的物候期、植物学特性、经济性状和抗逆性等内容,并进行比较筛选。结果表明:5个猕猴桃品种在当地科学管理条件下,从综合比较结果看,"贵长"品种最好,其次是"海沃特"、"79-2"和"秦美"等3个品种,因此建议在当地自然资源条件下加上配套的栽培技术措施,"贵长"猕猴桃等4个品种可适量发展。     

Farmers’ perceptions of sorghum production constraints and Striga control practices in semi-arid areas of Tanzania

The objectives of this study were to investigate constraints affecting sorghum production and farmers' approaches of Striga management in the semi-arid regions of Tanzania. Focus group discussions based on a semi-structured questionnaire and observations following transect walks were used for data collection. Only 35%, 15%, and 10% of the farmers from Igunga, Kishapu, and Meatu districts, respectively, reported growing newly released varieties. The major constraints affecting sorghum production in the study areas included Striga infestation, drought, storage pests, damage by birds, a lack of access to improved varieties, and a lack of access to production inputs, such as fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Hand weeding, crop rotation, fallowing, intercropping, and organic manure application were the most common practices of farmers for reducing Striga infestations, but most farmers (79.7%) had little knowledge of the best recommended Striga management practices. About 65% of the farmers did not use fertilizers and herbicides for soil fertility improvement and weed management, respectively, creating favourable conditions for Striga infestation. A systematic breeding programme aiming at improving sorghum varieties for Striga resistance, including farmers' preferred traits, should be designed and implemented to increase the adoption of these new varieties by the farmers.     

Significance of salt transport patterns in rice varieties differing in salt tolerance

Abstract

The absorption mechanisms for Na, K, SO₄ and Cl were tested in a salt tolerant (PVR 1) and a salt sensitive (GEB 24) rice varieties. The salt tolerant variety accumulated significantly larger amounts of Na than the salt sensitive variety. Further, PVR 1 absorbed SO₄ from Na₂SO₄ in preference to that from K₂SO₄. The absorption patterns for K and Cl were similar in both the varieties. It is concluded that the capacity of plant species to accumulate greater amounts of Na is a reflection of their halophytic feature.     

不同秋眠类型苜蓿品种生产性能与持久性分析

通过对58份不同秋眠类型苜蓿品种再生性、持久性和产草量在呼和浩特的测定分析,结果表明:1)在全部参试材料与秋眠类型组中,苜蓿秋眠级和再生性正相关并达到极显著、显著水平;而在半秋眠类型组、非秋眠类型组中,苜蓿的再生性和秋眠级相关性很小。2)在全部参试材料、半秋眠类型组、非秋眠类型组中,首蓿的持久性与秋眠级负相关,但是在秋眠类型组中,首蓿秋眠级和持久性相关性很小。3)在全部参试材料、半秋眠类型组、非秋眠类型组中,苜蓿的产草量和秋眠级负相关;在秋眠类型组中,苜蓿的产草量和秋眠级正相关但不显著。     

Molecular characterization of Miraflores peach variety and relatives using SSRs

Some traditional peach varieties, originated from the region of Aragón (Spain), were analysed by SSRs (simple sequence repeats). The aim of this research was to characterize 19 clones related to Miraflores variety, with unknown pedigrees, to assess their genetic diversity and to elucidate their possible relationships with 10 traditional peach varieties. Twenty SSR primer pairs with high levels of polymorphism, which have been previously developed for peach, were used in this study. A total of 46 alleles were obtained for all the microsatellites studied, ranging from one to six alleles per locus, with a mean value of 2.3 alleles per locus. Fourteen SSRs were polymorphic in the set of varieties studied and permitted to distinguish 16 different genotypes out of the 30 initially studied, although fourteen ‘Miraflores’ clones showed identical gel profiles. The genetic distance matrix was used to construct neighbor joining cluster and to perform principal coordinate analysis which allowed the arrangement of all the genotypes according to their genetic relationships. The genetic relationships among these traditional peach varieties, and in particular among ‘Miraflores’ clones are discussed. The obtained results confirm that microsatellite markers are very useful for these purpose.     

Total antioxidant activities,phenolics, anthocyanins,polyphenoloxidase activities of selected red grape cultivars and their correlations

Sixteen red grape cultivars (Md. Jean Matthias, Öküzgözü, Muscat Hamburg, Cabarnet Sauvignon, Tekirda? Çekirdeksizi, Gewürztraminer, 2B/56, Kalecik karas?, Carignan, Kokulu Siyah, Alfonse Lavallée, Bo?azkere, Adakaras?, Papazkaras?, Mourvedre and Cinsaut) which are grown in Tekirda? Viticulture Research Institute were analyzed for determination of antioxidant activities, total phenolics, anthocyanins, external colour, polyphenoloxidase activities, sugar and acidity. The lowest antioxidant activity (percentage of inhibition on peroxidation in linoleic acid system; AA) was determined in Tekirda? çekirdeksiz extracts as 87.58% and the highest AA was in Mourvedre (93.78%). Total phenolic content (TP) varied from 817 to 3062 μg/ml GAE in the same varieties, respectively. The total anthocyanin (TA) content ranged from 40.3 to 990.8 mg/l fresh weight. The lowest PPO activity was found in Bo?azkere and the highest was in Kalecik karas?. The total sugar content in the analyzed varieties varied between 13.29 and 24.46%. There was stronger correlation between AA and TP than AA and TA.