3个家蚕品种部分产茧量及体质量性状指标的协方差分析

养蚕生产中家蚕的桑叶食下量难以人为控制在同一水平,通常认为食下量会对蚕体生长发育及全茧量等产茧量指标产生显著甚至极显著影响。以山东省现行的3个春用蚕品种为材料,将食下量作为协变量进行协方差分析的结果表明,3个家蚕品种在3-5龄的蚕体质量增量、全茧量、茧层量性状指标上无统计学意义(P>0.125 2),仅个别指标均值间的最大差异在0.1水平下显著(P全茧量=0.066 9,P茧层量=0.056 1),因此该方法校正了用常规方差分析得出的上述性状指标在品种间存在极显著差异(P<0.000 1)的有偏结论,还明确了消化吸收量对上述性状指标影响不显著,可不作为协变量考虑。     

HPLC法测定枇杷叶中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量

为了建立枇杷叶中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法,选用色谱柱Agilent Ecilpse plus C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-0.1%氨水(70∶30)磷酸调p H=8.0,流速为0.8 m L/min,检测波长210 nm,柱温25℃。齐墩果酸和熊果酸能达到基线分离,分离度R2.5,齐墩果酸在0.20~7.94μg、熊果酸在0.21~8.49μg范围内呈良好的线性关系。试验证明该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于枇杷叶药材的质量控制。     

玉米花粉破壁方法的试验研究 Ⅰ.超微粉碎破壁方法的研究

采用多因素分析和二次回归正交旋转试验设计的方法,建立了试验因素与试验指标间影响关系的数学模型。通过优化计算得到玉米花粉超微化破壁的最佳工艺参数为:转速476r/min,粉碎时间为1.2h,球料比为7,花粉含水量控制在5%以下。此时花粉颗粒径小于8μm,花粉破壁率达100%。     

伞形科参棕亚科及牵环花亚科气孔的结构及其分类学价值

本文首次深入研究了伞形科参棕亚科和牵环花亚科及相关类群34属(参棕亚科9属,牵环花亚科21属)48种植物叶片(茎或果实)的气孔结构,结果显示有3种类型气孔:无规则型,不等型及平列型。参棕亚科的气孔多为平列型,少为无规则型,而牵环花亚科多为无规则型,少为不等型(Gymnophyton除外)。Bowlesia分支的细胞壁多为深波状,其他分支的细胞壁多平直。气孔结构的研究为分子系统学建立的参棕亚科和牵环花亚科,以及Bowlesia分支提供了形态学依据,并支持分子系统学将Apiopetalum,Mackinlaya及Stilbocarpa从五加科分别移入参棕亚科和牵环花亚科,将Homalosciadium,Platysace,Hermas及Klotzschia移出两亚科。     

竹叶复合颗粒饲料加工工艺及其喂羊试验

通过对竹叶的开发,研制出适合优质肉羊饲用的竹叶颗粒饲料,使竹叶变废为宝,有效地解决了临安市非常规饲料资源的利用。进行了竹叶复合颗粒饲喂育成羊和羔羊的试验,结果表明,试验羊只的增重效果良好,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益均显著。     

Yield and morphological responses of a forage sorghum to mefluidide

Abstract

Due to rapid growth, stem build‐up in forage sorghum crops often leads to considerable wastage by animals and consequent loss of production. In this study the potential of the chemical plant growth regulator, mefluidide, for modifying the morphology of forage sorghum was examined. Mefluidide was applied to two consecutive plantings of forage sorghum at 0; 0,14 and 0,28 kg/ha. Treatment with mefluidide suppressed stem elongation of sorghum plants and stimulated tillering 4–6 weeks after application. After 6 weeks the stem:leaf ratio of treated plants was significantly lower (P ≤0,05) than that of control plants. On average, total dry matter (DM) yield was marginally higher for the control, but DM yield of leaf material was significantly higher. (P ≤0,05) for treated plots from 6 weeks after mefluidide application. No significant differences were observed between levels of mefluidide but responses of different variables over time differed between plantings. This was associated with different stages of plant growth when mefluidide was applied and different environmental conditions for two plantings.     

水分对柠条萌蘖株和未平茬株光合参数及调渗物质的影响

对柠条Caragana korshinskii平茬后的萌蘖株和未平茬的对照株在夏季旺盛生长期进行了水分处理,并研究了浇水前后萌蘖株和对照株光合参数及调渗物质的变化。浇水前,萌蘖株具有较高的水势 (LWP)、光合速率(A)、气孔导度(G)、蒸腾速率(E)、光系统II最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光系统II实际量子产率(△F/Fm′);而对照株相应指标较低,但对照株光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）,脯氨酸(Pro)、 丙二醛(MDA)含量较高。浇水后,对照株LWP、A、G、E、Fv/Fm、△F/Fm′均有不同程度的上升,而NPQ值和Pro、MAD的含量下降。浇水对萌蘖株和对照株叶绿素(Chla+b)含量影响不显著,且浇水前后萌蘖株均高于对照株。结果表明：萌蘖株在生长季所受干旱胁迫较小,植物将更多的光能以光合作用的形式利用,植物生长迅速;而对照株所受干旱胁迫的影响较为严重,光合速率低,植物将更多的光能以热的形式消耗,导致植物生长缓慢。     

Identifying phenological functional types in savanna trees

Savannas are notable for the varied patterns of leaf display in the tree layer. Characterising this variation, and assessing the range of phenological strategies apparent in savanna ecosystems will be helpful for understanding savanna tree life-histories and their response to global change. We recorded leaf phenological metrics on a monthly basis for 28 woody species for one year in a semi-arid savanna at Nylsvley Nature Reserve, South Africa. Using these metrics four plant functional types were described: (1) evergreen species, which retained full canopy throughout the year; (2) semi-evergreen species, which lost a significant amount of canopy during the dry season, but not less than 60%; (3) obligate deciduous species in which the canopy was leafless for about 3 months during the dry season; and (4) rain-stimulated species, in which canopy flushing was driven by rainfall patterns. Of the 28 species, 18% were evergreen, 18% obligate deciduous, 32% semi-evergreen and 32% were rain-stimulated species. These results confirm that phenological strategies are variable in savannas, and highlight that there are numerous cues controlling the timing of leaf out and leaf drop. By defining distinct phenological strategies we can predict which plant functional types will have phenological cues that will be vulnerable to shifting climates.     

施用镁肥对桑叶产量和叶质的影响

试验表明在Ｋ／Ｍｇ相对较高的酸性土壤,施用镁肥可提高桑叶产量和改善桑叶品质,在生产上可以施用钙镁磷肥或喷施２％硫酸镁溶液。     

桑叶超氧物歧化酶（SOD）的研究

分别用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取了桐乡青、湖桑１９７、团头荷叶白、尖头荷叶白４个品种的顶芽、第５位和第１０位叶以及蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ粗酶液，然后用ＮＢＴ光还原法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分别分析测定了它们的活性及其同工酶。试验结果表明：用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取的ＳＯＤ，其活性无显著差异；同一叶位的桑叶ＳＯＤ活性在不同桑品种之间无显著差异；同一桑品种不同叶位的ＳＯＤ活性有显著差异；蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ活性与第１０位叶的ＳＯＤ活性相当。发现桑叶中有３～４种ＳＯＤ同工酶。