Effects of dietary carbohydrate/lipid ratios on growth performance,body composition and glucose metabolism of fingerling blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala

This study aimed to investigate the optimum dietary carbohydrate/lipid (CHO/L) ratio for fingerling blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala (average initial weight: 6.61 ± 0.03 g). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain various CHO/L ratios ranging from 1.62 to 24.20. Each diet was tested in four replicates for 10 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio and nitrogen and energy retention all improved significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios decreased from 24.20 to 5.64 but showed little difference (P > 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios ranged from 2.45 to 5.64. Hepatosomatic index increased significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios increased, whereas intraperitoneal fat ratio showed an opposite trend (P < 0.05). Opposite to moisture content, lipid content of whole body and carcass all increased significantly (P < 0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratios decreased. Liver lipid content showed little difference (P > 0.05) among all the treatments, while liver glycogen content increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing CHO/L ratios. High dietary carbohydrate enhanced the activities of liver hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase but did not induce hyperglycaemia. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of SGR, the optimal dietary carbohydrate and lipid contents for fingerling blunt snout bream were 291.7 and 81.4 g kg⁻¹, respectively, with a corresponding dietary CHO/L ratio of 3.58.     

青稞秸秆对生长期藏绵羊体增重及免疫指标的影响

本试验用青稞秸秆替代燕麦干草作为唯一粗饲料来源,研究其对生长期藏绵羊体增重及免疫功能的影响。选择18只4~5月龄健康河谷型藏绵羊,随机分为2组,即:青稞组(青稞秸秆300 g/d+精料300 g/d)和燕麦组(燕麦干草300 g/d+精料300 g/d)。试验期4周,第1周为预试期,第2~4周为正试期。正试期结束后,按公母各占1/2原则,各组分别选取6只羊屠宰采样。结果发现:青稞组与燕麦组藏绵羊的体重、日增重、脾脏重和脾脏指数均差异不显著(P0.05);青稞组与燕麦组藏绵羊血清中免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、Ig A、Ig M、溶菌酶含量和酸性磷酸酶活性均差异不显著(P0.05),但青稞组中溶菌酶含量有高于燕麦组的趋势(P=0.083);青稞组与燕麦组血清、胸腺和脾脏白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)含量均差异不显著(P0.05)。综合来看,与燕麦干草相比,饲喂青稞秸秆不会降低生长期藏绵羊的体增重及免疫性能,且有提高机体非特异性免疫因子(溶菌酶)含量的潜力,可作为藏绵羊的粗饲料来源。     

基于智能体和元胞自动机的鱼道内鱼类行为模拟

为建立基于智能体和元胞自动机(Agent-CA)的鱼道内鱼类行为模型,该研究以计算流体力学软件得到的水流流场数据为基础,根据过鱼试验研究认识到的鱼上溯行为特征和规律,定义了不同场景下鱼的避开障碍、寻找主流、逆流向前、逆流后退、冲刺、随机6种行为和行为规则,将鱼道划分成多个二维元胞空间,将元胞空间中元胞状态为鱼的网格...     

DRD1及DRD2基因多态性与鸡冠高和体重的相关性

研究鸡DRD1及DRD2基因与冠高和体重的关系。在DRD1和DRD2基因上共选取20个多态位点,对586只宁都三黄鸡的基因型进行检测,分析各位点与77、84及91日龄冠高和体重性状的相关性。结果表明:位于DRD2基因5′侧翼区的位点A-6543G与91日龄体重显著相关(P<0.05),位点C-6539T与91日龄冠高显著相关(P<0.05);DRD1基因编码区上6个多态位点与不同日龄的鸡冠高和体重无显著相关(P>0.05),但由C+765T、C+1011T与G+1065A这3个位点组成的单倍型块与77日龄冠高呈显著的相关性(P<0.05)。研究结果提示:DRD1基因的单倍型块可作为77日龄冠高的辅助选择的有效分子标记;而DRD2基因上A-6543G可作为91日龄体重的有效分子标记,位点C-6539T可为91日龄冠高标记辅助选择提供参考。     

饥饿胁迫对鲤形体、体成分及血液生理指标的影响

为了解饥饿胁迫对鲤形体、鱼体生化成分及血液生理的影响,在18～22℃条件下对鲤进行了0 d、10 d、20 d、30d的饥饿试验。试验结果表明,随着鲤饥饿时间的延长,肥满度、肠体比、肝体比呈现下降趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);鲤肌肉中水分和粗灰分呈现升高的趋势,粗脂肪呈现下降的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),粗蛋白呈现下降的趋势,差异显著(P<0.05);血液中红细胞数量、血红蛋白值显著下降(P<0.05),白细胞数量呈现上升的趋势,血糖含量先下降后稳定下来。说明短期饥饿胁迫使鲤形体发生一定改变、随着饥饿时间的延长,鲤首先动用肌肉中的脂肪,再动用蛋白质来维持体内的正常代谢,同时血液生理指标也发生与饥饿相适应的变化。     

不同基本培养基及培养方式对文心兰原球茎增殖的影响

以薄叶系文心兰Alha′Iwanaga′茎尖诱导形成的原球茎 (PLB)为材料 ,比较不同基本培养基类型 (MS、1/ 2MS、VW )及不同培养方式 (固体培养、液体培养 )对原球茎增殖的影响 ,结果表明 :文心兰PLB增殖以 1/ 2MS为基本培养基配合振荡及回旋培养方式较好 ,固体培养方式因其幼苗形成率高 ,不适合进行文心兰PLB增殖培养     

体重和温度对草鱼摄食小浮萍的影响

研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)对浮萍的摄食能力及主要影响因素,为合理利用草鱼控制小江回水区浮萍暴发提供依据。草鱼(体重29.7~491.2 g)取自红安县中海农业科技有限公司渔场,小浮萍种源采自重庆市云阳县高阳镇黄莲坝库湾。在试验室条件下研究了草鱼对小浮萍的最大摄食量、最大摄食率与体重和温度的关系。结果表明,在水温(25.82±0.57)℃条件下,随着体重的增加(40.36~478.17 g),草鱼的最大摄食量增大,但最大摄食率呈减小的趋势,两者与体重的相关关系分别为C_(max)=2.460W~(0.779),FR_(max)=246.0W~(-0.221);水温(16.55~30.50℃)对草鱼的最大摄食量和最大摄食率的影响极显著(P0.01),最大摄食量和最大摄食率与水温的回归方程分别为C_(max)=0.074T~(2.045),FR_(max)=0.164T~(1.940);建立的预测不同温度和体重条件下草鱼对小浮萍最大摄食率的模型为:FR_(max)=0.410T~(1.940)W~(-0.221)。     

Determination of dietary phosphorus requirement of stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis based on feed conversion,growth, vertebrae phosphorus,whole body phosphorus,haematology and antioxidant status

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary phosphorus requirement of Heteropneustes fossilis fingerlings (7.7 ± 0.04 g). Fish were fed casein–gelatine‐based purified diets in triplicate groups near satiation with seven different levels of dietary phosphorus (3.2, 5.2, 7.2, 9.2, 11.2, 13.2 and 15.2 g/kg dry diet). All diets were formulated to be isoproteic (400 g/kg) and isoenergetic (17.89 kJ/g). Highest absolute weight gain (68.38 g/fish), best feed conversion ratio (1.48), protein retention efficiency (30.74%), protein gain (12.44 g/fish), haemoglobin (11.19 g/dL), RBCs (3.12 x10⁶/mm³), haematocrit (33.44%) and serum phosphate (2.82 mg/L) were found at 9.2 g/kg phosphorus. Hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were also significantly influenced by the dietary phosphorus levels. Whole body and vertebrae phosphorus concentrations increased significantly as the amount of dietary phosphorus increased from 3.2 to 11.2 g/kg dry diet and then plateaued. More accurate information on dietary phosphorus requirement was obtained by subjecting the AWG, FCR, vertebrae phosphorus and whole body phosphorus concentrations data against various levels of dietary phosphorus to broken‐line analysis, which yielded the requirement in the range of 9.0–11.0 g/kg for optimum growth and mineralization of H. fossilis.     

中国鱼类远缘杂交研究及其在水产养殖上的应用

体型和体斑是鳜鱼育种的重要性状。该研究利用多重比较、杂种指数、主成分分析、判别分析对鳜回交子代[斑鳜 (Siniperca scherzeri)♀×杂交鳜 (斑鳜♀×鳜S. chuatsi♂)♂]与其亲本 (斑鳜、杂交鳜) 进行了可量形态性状差异分析,并对回交子代体斑进行了观察。结果显示,回交子代平均杂种指数为38.73,多重比较和杂种指数表明,回交子代体型偏向斑鳜。主成分分析和判别分析表明,回交子代与斑鳜、杂交鳜间的差异性状主要表现在头部隆角、体高/体长、头高/头长、C (隅骨后端至腹鳍起点长)/体长。回交子代、斑鳜与杂交鳜在前3个主成分的三维空间分布上不重叠,相互区分;判别分析可在二维空间上对3个群体进行区分。回交子代体斑主要包括背部鞍状斑与体侧斑纹,可分为4种组合类型,其中45.5%个体具有与斑鳜类似的背部鞍状斑,72.8%个体具有空心斑。研究结果可为鳜鱼回交育种研究与子代鉴定提供基础资料。

     

中国鲎幼鲎形态性状与体重的通径分析及异速生长研究

为了探究不同龄期中国鲎幼鲎生长特性,实验测定了2～4龄幼鲎头胸部长(X₁)、头胸部宽(X₂)、腹部长(X₃)、腹部宽(X₄)、剑尾长(X₅)、全长(X₆)和体重(Y)等参数,运用相关分析和通径分析方法,探讨形态性状对体重的作用效果。结果显示,2～4龄幼鲎体重相关系数最高的形态性状均为头胸部宽(X₂);通径分析发现,头胸部宽(X₂)对2龄和3龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大,腹部宽(X₄)对4龄幼鲎体重直接影响最大;各形态性状对体重决定程度分析与通径分析变化趋势一致。对2～4龄幼鲎头胸部宽和体重进行对数处理,获得异速生长方程回归系数(b)为2.746,表明此阶段幼鲎体重增长率大于头胸部宽增长率,处于正生长期。实验表明,不同龄期阶段中国鲎苗种筛选所依据的形态性状有所差异,中国鲎幼鲎阶段种质评价应考虑其异速生长规律,同时也为探究鲎的生长与性状、结构与生理之间的关系奠定基础。