Modeling internode length and branch characteristics for Pinus radiata in New Zealand

It is recognized that estimation of internode length and maximum branch size is important for the prediction of clearwood in unpruned timber stands, as well as for evaluating the quality and value of logs in general. A review of existing branch models reveals a diversity of approaches as well as a tendency for results to be species specific. Here, a branch model is developed for Pinus radiata in New Zealand, capable of predicting successive internode lengths, the number of branches on each branch cluster, and the size of each branch up to the green crown (GC) at site index age 20. Inputs to the model include tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh) (both at age 20) and basal area per hectare of the top 100 stems. Further optional inputs are an ocular count of the number of branch clusters up to the green crown, and branch factor (BF)—the size of the biggest branch in the first cluster encountered above 6 m. The vertical distributions of internode length and maximum branch diameter are found to reach maxima around 0.3–0.4 of relative height. Internode length and the number of branches per whorl were found to be independent of tree size, site index and stand density. Stems per hectare is not required as an explicit predictor variable but it appears implicitly through tree dbh. Some model output is given and the results are discussed.     

Synergy between nature reserves and agri-environmental schemes in enhancing ditch bank target species plant diversity

The issue of what conservation strategies to apply in agricultural landscape for the most effective protection of biodiversity has been debated for some years. The creation and maintenance of nature reserves is often hampered by both ecological and economic factors, while the ecological effectiveness of agri-environment schemes (AES) is still being queried. Our study examined how the spatial pattern of nature reserves and AES affects the diversity of 25 target species of conservation interest in ditch banks and how this information might be used to develop a strategy resulting in synergy between protected areas and enhanced matrix quality. We studied target species plant diversity on 92 ditch banks under AES and on 102 banks not under such a regime; all of them running parallel to nature reserves. We compared the results with those obtained from a previous study which focused on ditch banks running transverse. On non-AES ditch banks running parallel to nature reserves, there was a significant decline in species richness with increasing distance from the nature reserve while this was not the case for AES ditch banks. The effect of AES differed between the two directions, with a significant effect beyond 200 m in the parallel direction and within 200 m in the transverse direction. Our results indicate that synergy between nature reserves and AES can enhance plant diversity and, since the AES effect was different in different direction due to wind direction and nitrogen input to adjacent fields, location of AES should be chosen carefully.     

基于近红外透射光谱分析技术的小麦蛋白质含量测定

近红外分析技术具有快速、简便、准确、非破坏性的优点,为小麦品质检测提供了一个新的技术手段。笔者首先对光谱数据进行移动窗口平均平滑和马氏距离筛选,在以上光谱预处理基础上,建立了小麦籽粒蛋白的偏最小二乘校正模型。仿真试验结果表明：该模型能够较准确地预测小麦蛋白质的含量,预测相关系数、预测均方误差和平均相对误差分别为0.9809、0.1130、1.973%。与用原始数据所建校正模型相比,预测效果显著提高。     

我国民营企业贷款的距离影响因素分析

选取我国2011年沪深两市A股的628家民营上市企业的贷款数据为样本进行实证分析发现：银行贷款量与银行到企业之间距离具有显著的负相关关系,说明银企距离是制约我国民营企业贷款的一个重要影响因素;地区金融发展与企业的银行贷款量之间具有显著的负相关的关系,说明了竞争关系对企业外地银行贷款的抑制作用不是表现在区域的银行网点的竞争,而是地区的金融发展。因此,应重视银企距离,加大地区金融发展。     

基于马氏距离的太阳能电池可靠性筛选方法研究

通过测量太阳能电池的内部低频噪声,可以快速、无损地实现太阳能电池的可靠性筛选分类。提出基于马氏距离的筛选方法分析噪声数据,进而得到全频段的噪声筛选判据。实验结果表明,本文方法和基于个别频率点的噪声分类方法相比,马氏距离筛选方法更加全面地反映了太阳能电池的整体低频噪声水平,不仅可以剔除1/f噪声大的太阳能电池,还可以剔除G-R(genera-tion-recombination)噪声和爆裂噪声大的太阳能电池,因此能将一批太阳能电池进行更为准确、精细的可靠性分类。     

基于视觉注意机制的洪涝淹没区遥感识别方法

依据视觉注意机制,结合洪涝淹没区以色彩可视化表达的时空过程变化特性,构建凸显淹没区视觉显著性的专题信息增强图像,对此应用NBS色差距离系数,使得同质像元在空间上集聚形成显著区域,然后采用基于视觉色差检测的图像聚类技术,开展大范围洪涝淹没区的遥感识别及信息提取,并利用能够同时兼顾遥感错分和漏分信息的复合分类精度系数(composite classification accuracy,CCA)进行识别精度评价。应用上述方法对长江中游2016年夏季洪灾进行了遥感监测试验,并采用误差混淆矩阵法对同一识别对象(洪水淹没区)不同遥感分类方法的可信度进行了评价,结果显示该次试验的Kappa系数和CCA系数各为93.4%和88.5%,较传统的洪水淹没区遥感识别技术都高出5%左右。在2016年长江中游夏季洪灾中,渍水农田面积约19 143.35 hm~2,淹没区面积则高达142 157.5 hm~2,其中被淹水稻占16.6%(约23 579 hm~2),并且绝大部分位于长江沿岸以及府河和汉江等长江支流沿线地势低洼的滨河滨湖地带;武汉市受灾最为严重,该市以34 492 hm~2的洪涝淹没区面积居于各受灾县市之首,占研究区域全部受灾面积的24.26%。基于选择性视觉注意机制的洪涝淹没区遥感识别方法,能够有效提高大范围洪涝淹没区的遥感信息提取精度,较好地解决了淹没区与水域之间的错分现象;基于洪灾前后遥感信息融合的洪涝过程可视化表达,不仅能够实现淹没区不同于水体的时空变化特性的数据化,从而便于开展淹没区的计算机视觉检测,而且还在凸显淹没区视觉显著性的同时,较好地抑制背景冗余信息,尤其能降低将淹没区视同水域进行遥感分类检测时的不确定性。     

棉花杂交亲本距离估测与聚类分析方法的探讨

本研究利用四十个陆地棉亲本,经两年异地试验证明,以表型相关(r_p)矩阵代替遗传相关矩阵(r_g)作为距离分析的基础转换矩阵,不仅从统计角度分析是可行的;而且从应用角度分析,前者也具有相关结果一致性好,性状标准化合理,相关矩阵不会出现不正定性,年份之间可保证参与距离分析的性状完全一致,D~2估测结果一致性及聚类分析结果相符率高等优点.最长距离法的聚类范围大,并类合理且灵敏度高,聚类结果实用价值高,建议以表型相关矩阵(P)—主成份转换(C)—欧氏距离(E)—最长距离法(L).即PCEL法,作为棉花杂交亲本距离估测与聚类分析的适宜方法.     

Spatial distribution and habitat selection of culicoides imicola: The potential vector of bluetongue virus in Tunisia

The increasing threat of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) represents a great challenge to those who manage public and animal health. Determining the spatial distribution of arthropod vector species is an essential step in studying the risk of transmission of a vector-borne pathogen (VBP) and in estimating risk levels of VBD. Risk maps allow better targeting surveillance and help in designing control measures. We aimed to study the geographical distribution of Culicoides imicola, the main competent vector of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep in Tunisia. Fifty-three records covering the whole distribution range of C.imicola in Tunisia were obtained during a 2-year field entomological survey (August 2017 – January 2018 and August 2018 – January 2019). The ecological niche of C. imicola is described using ecological-niche factor analysis (ENFA) and Mahalanobis distances factor analysis (MADIFA). An environmental suitability map (ESM) was developed by MaxEnt software to map the optimal habitat under the current climate background. The MaxEnt model was highly accurate with a statistically significant area under curve (AUC) value of 0.941. The location of the potential distribution of C. imicola is predicted in specified regions of Tunisia. Our findings can be applied in various ways such as surveillance and control program of BTV in Tunisia.     

Effects of altitude, distance and waves of movement on the dispersal in Australia of the arbovirus vector, Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

The dispersal of the biting midge and arbovirus vector Culicoides brevitarsis in the Bellinger, Macleay and Hastings river valleys and up the escarpment of the great dividing range (GDR) of mid-northern coastal New South Wales, Australia, from 1995 to 2003 was studied. The midge moved up these valleys from the endemic coastal plain in at least two waves between October and May, and both waves were modelled. Dispersal time can be explained by direct distance from the coast and the altitude of the sites. Dispersal times due to distance were similar at 18.2 ± 2.2 (S.D.) and 15.9 ± 2.6 weeks per 100 km for first- and second-occurrences at fixed altitude. Time of the first wave was extended 0.48 ± 0.22 weeks for every 100-m rise in altitude and the second by 1.14 ± 0.24 weeks for every 100-m rise for a set distance. Although C. brevitarsis can move up the escarpment of the GDR (and possibly transmit virus), vector dispersal, survival and establishment at and beyond the top of the range are limited. A third model showed that previously described slower movement of C. brevitarsis up the more-southerly Hunter valley relative to movements down the coastal plain also was related to increasing altitude.     

距离分析的环境稳定性研究

31个小麦品系种植于4种不同的栽培环境下,采用3种不同方法选用研究性状来研究距离分析的环境稳定性.结果表明:1.不同环境下遗传距离的相关系数与所用的研究性状关系密切.按广义遗传力法选用研究性状则相关系数大.2.聚类结果随环境而变化,但仍有不少品系分类结果稳定.3.品系聚类结果的稳定性与品系自身稳定性的关系不明确.