滇型杂交粳稻数量性状的遗传差异研究

 应用主成分、遗传距离和聚类的方法对滇型杂交粳稻恢复系、保持系数量性状的遗传差异作了初步研究。结果表明恢保间的遗传差异不大;但不同恢保组配间的遗传距离有很大的不同。非经济性状对供试材料间数量性状的遗传差异贡献较大,经济性状的贡献较小。模糊聚类的结果与多元分析的结果大同小异。文章对今后选育恢复系的工作提出了参考性建议。     

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Two Euschistus spp. Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Southeastern Farmscapes

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are ubiquitous, cryptic, phytophagous pests that are found in many crops. In agroecosystems, individuals disperse from adjacent noncrop hosts and tend to aggregate or cluster within fields. In this study, we characterized the distribution of Euschistus servus (Say) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) over 2 yr at three southeastern United States farmscapes. Stink bugs were captured in pheromone-baited traps, and Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) used to identify the location of significant aggregations by habitat type and season. Euschistus servus adults were more likely to be captured in pecan orchards, cotton, other crops, or unmanaged habitats than in woodland habitats. Significant aggregations of E. servus were detected in a variety of habitats including pecan, corn, cotton, peanut, and tobacco, as well as fallow and hay fields, pastures, and hedgerows. Fewer adult E. tristigmus were captured than E. servus adults, and E. tristigmus adults were typically trapped and aggregated in woodland habitats. The resulting data provide an important understanding regarding the seasonal movement and relative abundance levels of stink bug populations, which are critical to the development of integrated pest management strategies.     

距离分析方法在小麦亲本选配中的应用研究

作者对距离分析方法在小麦亲本选配中的应用问题做了系统研究,本文是这一研究的总结报告。结果表明:1.遗传距离与杂种优势的关系受试验材料的影响。从聚类结果来看,在小麦育种中选择类间亲本进行杂交要优于类内亲本间的杂交。2.就性状选用方法而言,广义遗传力法要优于常规法和权重法。3.距离分析所反映的遗传差异不同于亲缘差     

透视仿射对应在画法几何中的应用研究

本文是研究透视仿射对应在正投影中,如何求直线和平面的交点,点到直线的距离,两平面的交线,平面与立体的截交线等问题。以解决在画法几何中作图繁、误差大的问题,达到提高解题速度,解决工程实际问题。     

中年男性两鬓白发的生长速度等有关性状测量

在985 d内,连续拔取一位中年男性两鬓的白发样本左右各12份,每份5～7根.测量其白色段的长度和距发根1 cm处头发的微观性状.用SPSS17.0软件对各性状配对样本T检验和二元定距变量相关分析.结果表明:两鬓头发生长速度差异不显著(P＞0.05):左鬓(0.59±0.05)mm/d;右鬓(0.58±0.06)mm/...     

基于改进K-means算法的冬小麦覆盖度提取研究

为快速、精准地提取冬前分蘖期冬小麦覆盖度,提出了一种基于改进K-means算法的冬小麦覆盖度提取方法。首先将冬小麦图像转换到Lab色彩空间,其次利用蜉蝣算法（Mayfly Algorithm, MA）获取K-means最优初始聚类中心,并用马氏距离代替欧氏距离进行算法改进,最后利用分割得到的二值图像计算冬小麦覆盖度。结果显示,该方法的平均分割精度和平均处理时间分别为94.66%和2.03 s,与过绿指数（excess green,EXG）自适应阈值分割和基于粒子群优化算法（particle swarm optimization,PSO）的K-means(PSO-K-means)分割相比,分割精度分别提高了12.04%和4.18%,处理时间分别减少了2.26和2.94 s。该方法分割效果优于EXG和PSO-K-means分割方法,可用于提取冬小麦覆盖度。     

转TaDREB3基因大豆基因漂流距离及频率的研究

为明确转基因大豆的种植及生态安全性,将导入抗逆基因TaDREB3的转基因大豆T4代播种于大田,周围种植非转基因对照,收获转基因大豆周围不同距离的非转基因大豆种子.经过连续2a的田间及盆栽试验,通过除草剂草丁膦的筛选和分子检测等手段,研究了转TaDREB3基因大豆的基因漂流距离及漂流频率.结果表明:在三叶期整株喷洒75 ...     

离树间距对枣麦间作小麦光合特性及产量的影响

为了解离树间距对枣麦间作小麦光合特性及产量的影响,分析了单作(D0)小麦及距离枣树90cm、110cm、130cm(D1、D2、D3)的间作小麦光合、LAI、分蘖及产量特点。结果表明,在灌浆期D0和D2、D3处理下小麦净光合速率比D1处理分别高13.04%、8.99%、11.73%,D0、D2和D3处理的小麦气孔导度比D1分别高21.43%、9.52%、16.67%,而各处理间蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度无明显差异。从拔节期至成熟期,不同处理间的小麦单株茎数、单株分蘖数、LAI和单株干物质积累量存在显著差异,表现为D0D3D2D1。D0和D3处理下小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均显著高于D2和D1;小麦产量表现为D0D3D2D1,D0处理比D1、D2、D3处理分别高25.78%、16.49%和6.70%。枣麦间作下,距离枣树越远,小麦植株光合性状表现越好,产量也较高,因此优化枣麦株行距配置有利于小麦产量的增加。     

Allozyme Variation of Picea abies in Poland

The aim of this study was to determine the levels and patterns of allozyme variation among 29 populations of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from Poland. Thirteen investigated isoenzyme systems were encoded by 27 gene loci and, on average, 71% of the loci per population were polymorphic. The average and effective numbers of alleles per locus were 2.17 and 1.26, respectively, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.156. A relatively low allozyme differentiation among populations from north-eastern and southern Poland was observed ( F ST = 0.028, mean genetic distance D = 0.005). The results suggest that historical events and extensive gene flow played an important role in the distribution of the observed allozyme differentiation of Norway spruce in Poland.     

冀北山地杨桦次生林不同林层的空间结构特征

利用混交度、角尺度、大小比数和开阔比数4个空间结构参数,结合空间结构单元距离尺度,研究了冀北山地杨桦次生林更新层和乔木层（低林层、中林层和上林层）的空间结构特征。结果表明：乔木层和更新层平均混交度分别为0．520、0．228,差异较大,乔木层混交度随林层增加而降低;乔木层和更新层的平均角尺度分别为0．575、0．530,属于聚集分布,乔木层聚集强度随林层增加而降低;乔木层和更新层平均大小比数分别为0．493、0．511,各等级林木分布较均匀;乔木层平均开阔比数为0．713,处于开阔的光环境中;随着林层增加,大小比数呈下降趋势,开阔比数呈增加的趋势,大小比数与开阔比数呈极显著负相关;参照木与4株最近相邻木的平均距离随林层增加呈递增趋势,但大部分相邻木分布在3m以内。