大豆磁诱变育种新方法的探索初报

大豆磁诱变育种的试验表明,利用0.12～0.16 T高强恒定磁场处理大豆花器官方法简便,对大豆具有诱导性状变异的作用,许多由磁诱变的性状变异能够传给后代,并稳定早,可缩短育种年限.通过对变异后代进行田间筛选,获得早熟、丰产、花色等突变类型,为大豆育种提供了较丰富的遗传变异基础材料.     

混合表面活性剂分散纳米CeO2颗粒的协同效应

选用CTAB阳离子型和SDBS阴离子型分别与Tween80非离子型表面活性剂进行复配，通过Zeta电位、吸附等温线以及沉降性能测定，研究了混合表面活性剂对水相介质中纳米CeO2颗粒分散稳定性能影响的协同效应。结果表明：不同混合表面活性剂体系中纳米CeO2颗粒表现出不同的表面电性，从而影响其分散稳定行为；纳米CeO2颗粒对两种混合表面活性剂均有良好的吸附性能，但其吸附等温线形式有所不同；碱性条件下，混合表面活性剂能显著改善纳米CeO2颗粒的分散稳定性，其中SDBS与Tween 80的协同作用更为明显。     

几种土壤中不同形态铁及无定形硅铝的比较研究

分析研究白浆土、黑土和草甸土三类土壤不同形态铁和无定形硅铝表明,游离氧化铁的量在各类土中均为表层大于底层;铁的活化度白浆土高于黑土,而白浆土的白浆层又高于腐殖质层和淀积层;无定形硅、铝在白装土中层次之间分异明显,说明有淋淀现象发生,在黑土和草甸土中差异不大;新鲜有机质对铁的活化有显著作用,络合态铁和土壤腐殖质含量呈明显的正相关。     

功能化多糖包被的银纳米粒子与阿霉素作用的共振光散射及分析应用

将右旋糖酐侧链进行功能化修饰,制备了一种富含醛基的改性多糖.利用这种改性多糖作为还原剂和稳定剂合成银纳米粒子,并研究了该银纳米粒子与阿霉素的相互作用及其共振光散射光谱.研究表明,体系的lg(ΔIRLS)值与阿霉素的浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为lg(ΔIRLS)=0.874 4+0.704 7c,线性范围为1.36×10-6~4.08×10-6mol/L,检出限(3σ)为1.30×10-7mol/L.     

磁控摆开式呼吸阀

机械呼吸阀是油罐的重要附件，几址年来我国油库使用的机械呼吸阀基本形式是阀盘在水平面内，靠自重或弹力控制罐内压力，阀盘工作时沿导杆升降。这种呼吸阀的主要问题是：沿导杆运动引起的机械故障多；阀盘自重大，使阀盘工作时开度小，通气量小，严重时造成油罐受损。     

Effects of permanent magnetic fields on the proliferation of Phalaenopsis protocorm-like bodies using liquid medium

Magnetic fields (MFs) have been applied for the first time in orchid micropropagation. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) – approximately 3 mm in diameter – first derived from leaf segment culture of Phalaenopsis Gallant Beau ‘George Vazquez’, were subcultured every 2 months, and served as initial explants. The proliferation of Phalaenopsis PLBs in liquid medium in the Miracle Pack^® culture system was affected by the action of different intensities and polarities of MFs: 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 Tesla (T) at North (N) and South (S) poles. The MF of 0.1 T – S resulted in the greatest fresh weight of regenerated PLBs. The average number of neo-PLBs formed per clusters in the PLB treated by MF: 0.1–0.2 T was decreased compared to the control exposed to natural MF (5 × 10⁻⁶ T). The proliferation of PLBs under 0.15 T – MF at both N and S poles for 2 and 7 weeks demonstrated that a longer duration of exposure to an MF of 0.15 T, regardless of the polarity, resulted in greater biomass of newly formed PLBs and smaller average number of newly formed PLBs. The S pole of MF had stronger effects on Phalaenopsis PLBs proliferation than the N pole did in all treatments.     

鱼藤酮-壳聚糖接枝物农药纳米粒子水分散制剂研究

通过全天然产物蓖麻油酸酐(RAN)与羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)的酰化反应,合成了羧甲基壳聚糖接技蓖麻油酸(CMC-g-RA)共聚物。探讨了原料的相对分子质量、 RAN与CMC分子上氨基的物质的量之比、反应温度和溶剂等因素对产物取代度的影响。以CMC-g-RA为载体,通过在中性水中自组装大分子胶束的增溶作用,与植物源农药鱼藤酮(Rot)一起制备了一种新型的农药纳米粒子水分散剂。对其粒径、粒径分布、表面电荷、形态结构和Rot的负载率等物理性能进行了表征,探讨了CMC-g-RA和Rot溶液的浓度对纳米粒子各相关性能的影响。结果表明:所形成的纳米粒子干燥后外观形态呈密实光滑的球状,粒径在200~500 nm之间,具有较窄的粒径分布,表面带负电荷;该纳米粒子的Zeta电位值随CMC-g-RA和Rot质量浓度的升高而增大,在-40~-70 mV之间;Rot的负载率在20%~68%范围内。研究表明,改变Rot和CMC-g-RA溶液的质量浓度配比,可调节纳米粒子的物理性能;控制农药的负载率,有助于调控该新型制剂速效与缓释之间的关系。     

磁处理棕壤对磷吸附-解吸特性的影响

探讨了磁处理棕壤对磷吸附-解吸的影响,结果表明:外加磁场处理棕壤后磷的吸附量降低,促进了磷的解吸。棕壤不同粒级磁化后(0.002~0.005mm除外)吸附量基本都减少,而<0.002mm粒级和0.005~0.01mm粒级对吸附量减少起主要作用。     

Discrimination of lithogenic and anthropogenic influences on topsoil magnetic susceptibility in Central Europe

The study was performed on the area of the three countries involved in the MAGPROX project (Poland, Czech Rep., Germany). In the first stage the basic map of magnetic susceptibility based on the field topsoil measurement was compiled with an average grid density of 10 km. In the second stage of the study, vertical distribution of magnetic susceptibility of ca. 600 topsoil cores (0.3 m long), collected over central Europe, was examined with respect to the anthropogenic or lithogenic influence on magnetic susceptibility of the soil surface, with the focus being on the interpretation of the areas showing high surface susceptibility values. The maximum values were mostly observed in depths of 3–4 cm. In general seven different types of susceptibility profiles from forest areas and one typical for urban soil are presented. They are a result of a combination of natural (litho- and pedogenic) and anthropogenic contributions. Our results prove that soil profiles, dominated by anthropogenic influence due to atmospherically deposited dust, are characterized by magnetically enhanced humuous layer, corresponding to layer with the highest concentration of heavy metals. Moreover, forest soils show in these cases higher magnetic susceptibility than soils in open areas (grassland, meadows or arable soils).     

二氧化硅整体柱的制备及其结构表征

以甲醛、尿素为主要原料合成了脲醛树脂整体柱,并以之为模板,制备二氧化硅整体柱。采用扫描电镜、元素分析仪、氮吸附仪及X-射线粉末衍射仪等手段对所合成材料的内部结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,脲醛树脂整体柱制备过程中,通过向反应体系中加入聚乙二醇6 000诱导体系发生相分离,得到的脲醛树脂整体柱具有彼此交联的基质骨架和相互连通的穿透孔,以之为模板合成的二氧化硅整体柱也呈现双连续结构。