苍耳倍半萜内酯和博落回生物碱对3种蔬菜害虫的活性比较

为探讨苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)倍半萜内酯分离物L-Ⅱ(主要成分为4β,5β-环氧苍耳素-1a,4a-内过氧化物)的活性大小,将其与博落回(Macleaya cordata)总生物碱提取物MacSC(主要成分为血根碱和白屈菜红碱)的活性进行了比较研究.结果显示,两种测试物对试虫均表现较高活性,其中,苍耳倍半萜内酯分离物L-Ⅱ对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)4龄幼虫的选择性拒食中浓度(AFC50)为23.6 mg/L,活性强于博落回生物碱提取物MacSC(111.8 mg/L):在测试浓度为10 mg/mL时,L-Ⅱ处理组的小菜蛾4龄幼虫仅有4.30%发育为成虫,是对照的6.12%,小菜蛾蛹的羽化率为对照的12.05%,而MacSC的影响相对较低,两值分别为对照的33.89%和56.23%:在上述测试浓度,L-Ⅱ对桄蚜(Myzus persicae)和萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)均有较强的忌避作用,24 h忌避率分别为72.03%和74.47%,而MacSC对桃蚜的忌较效果较低(55.50%),对萝卜蚜无忌避活性.说明苍耳倍半萜内酯分离物L-Ⅱ对几种试虫的拒食、忌避和生长发育抑制活性均高于博落回总生物碱提取物MacSC.     

小果博落回总生物碱的抑菌活性研究

【目的】获得抑菌活性更强的小果博落回的生物碱成分。【方法】采用4种亲核性溶剂(甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和饱和Na2CO3碱溶液)和1种非亲核性溶剂(四氢呋喃),分别从吸附了小果博落回总生物碱的D101树脂上洗脱生物碱,用薄层层析法(TLC)进行成分分析,以金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌、肠形点状产气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌、巴氏杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和鳗弧菌等8种菌株为供试菌,采用药敏纸片法进行抑菌活性测定,研究小果博落回在不同溶剂处理下所得的总生物碱成分和抑菌活性的变化。【结果】TLC分析结果表明,经过乙醇、甲醇、碱溶液和丙酮作用后,所得总生物碱(分别为SEtOH、SMeOH、Sbase和Sacetone)与直接用酸提取的总生物碱(Saw)在成分上存在差异;5种总生物碱均具有抑菌活性,其抑菌活性依次表现为SMeOH>SEtOH≈Sacetone≈Sbase>Saw。【结论】提取过程中使用亲核性溶剂,可引起小果博落回总生物碱成分的变化和抑菌活性的改变,其中以甲醇提取的总生物碱的抑菌活性较强。     

资源植物博落回在石漠化防治中的生态与经济效益探讨

对黔东丘陵山区博落回生长的气候条件、土壤环境条件、分布状况以及博落回的形态特征进行调查研究.结果表明,博落回是一种适生能力强的野生植物,在土壤pH值4.86～8.50、薄土层、砂土、粘土、白云质石砂地和石缝中均能生长,博落回为黔东石漠化地区的生态恢复和重建奠定良好的基础.同时.博落回是具有极高经济价值的药源植物,对促进石漠化山区经济发展具有重要作用.     

普洱小叶榕主要病虫害的发生及防治

对普洱小叶榕的病虫害种类进行调查,共发现病害3种,害虫5种,并对其为害特点、发生规律及其综合防治进行了讨论。     

博落回生物碱提取工艺研究

以博落回血根碱的提取率为考察指标优化博落回生物碱提取工艺,结果表明:酸性醇提取法比酸水法、醇提法对血根碱的提取效率高。采用正交试验方法对酸性醇提取法进行优化,最佳工艺条件为:在pH值为3的75%乙醇溶液中回流提取2次,每次1 h。此条件下血根碱提取率为5.82 mg/g。对最佳工艺条件稳定性试验的结果表明:其稳定性较好,RSD=1.65%。     

采用叶绿素成像技术测定细叶榕(Ficus microcarpa L.)叶片对聚乙二醇模拟的水分胁迫的响应

[目的]采用叶绿素成像技术测定细叶榕(Ficus microcarpa L.)叶片对聚乙二醇模拟的水分胁迫的响应。[方法]人工模拟水分胁迫下检测细叶榕、垂叶榕和极端耐旱的欧洲夹竹桃离体叶片,并用叶绿素荧光成像技术同时提取单片叶多个部位进行检测和分析。[结果]细叶榕、垂叶榕和夹竹桃对脱水响应的结果表明:①叶片各测定部位之间的光合反应中心最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)的值较小,而电子传递速率(ETR)、PSII真实光化效率(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭(qP)则有较大的差异;②水分胁迫下叶片不同部位的这种离散性更加明显;③抗逆性强的离散程度明显变小。[结论]为叶绿素成像技术进一步应用于植物对干旱胁迫的响应研究奠定了基础。     

夜间低温对2种光强下榕树叶绿素荧光的影响

为探明夜间低温对榕树Ficus microcarpa光合机构的伤害及日间不同光强在伤害中所起的作用,利用叶绿素荧光技术研究了夜间低温胁迫后生长于全光照(强光)与遮荫(弱光)条件下榕树叶片叶绿素荧光的日变化.结果表明:夜间低温能导致榕树叶片发生光抑制,但并没有破坏光合机构.夜间低温后,遮荫条件下,榕树叶片可通过增强光化学能力和热耗散途径来耗散过剩光能,保护光合机构免受伤害;而强光下,榕树叶片则不能很好地通过光化学与热耗散途径来消耗过剩光能,从而导致光合机构发生破坏性伤害.图3表1参14     

Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata on physiological,immunological and inflammatory parameters in healthy beagles

The aim of the study was to investigate nutritional, physiological and immunological effects of a plant‐derived blend of isoquinoline alkaloids (Sangrovit® Extra) in healthy dogs. Two groups of healthy, adult beagles (N = 10) were tested in a cross‐over experiment, lasting two consecutive three‐week periods. The experimental group received 1.2 g additive/kg feed, according to the recommendation of 10–20 mg/kg live weight per day. The control group received the same feed without additive. Complete blood count, immunological parameters and amino acid concentrations in serum were assessed. Faeces were analysed for short‐chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonium; moreover, their quantity and consistency were determined. Neither feed intake, total apparent nutrient digestibility (crude protein and fat, organic matter, sodium, potassium) were affected by intake of the product. Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were slightly increased in both groups. Elevation was not treatment dependant. IgA, IgG, haptoglobin in serum and flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral lymphocytes were not affected by alkaloids supplementation. Numerically greater methionine concentrations in blood serum occurred in the experimental group (p = 0.182). Quantity and consistency of faeces and ammonium concentration in faeces were not affected by the additive. Faecal concentrations of short‐chain organic acids differed between groups (acetic acid, % of total SCFA: control group 52.3 ± 5.2 vs. experimental group 57.1 ± 4.5, p = 0.042), lactate concentrations (d ‐, l ‐ and total) did not. Due to the shift of SCFA proportions in faeces, an effect of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) on the metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota is probable. In conclusion, the addition of IQs in the given dose was well tolerated and did not have adverse effects in healthy dogs.     

博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选用28±2日龄、体重相近的长×大断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4处理组,分别饲喂给基础日粮（空白对照组）、基础日粮＋100 mg/kg金霉素（阳性对照组）、基础日粮＋0.45 mg/kg血根碱（血根碱组）和基础日粮＋0.675mg/kg博落回提取物（博落回提取物组）,试验期为30天,试验结束时测定各处理组的生长性能等指标。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,血根碱组仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高8.53%（P〈0.05）、11.93%（P〈0.05）,料肉比下降了3.18%（P〈0.05）,博落回提取物组仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高12.32%（P〈0.05）、17.26%（P〈0.05）,料肉比下降了4.5%（P〈0.05）。试验显示,血根碱和博落回提取物均能显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,有效缓解了断奶应激,表明博落回提取物作为植物源性抗生素替代产品在断奶仔猪日粮中有良好的应用效果。     

博落回小檗碱含量的测定

采用Dikma DiamonsilTM C18柱(250 mm×4.60mm),流动相为乙腈-0.05mol磷酸(25∶75),柱温为35℃,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为345nm,进样量为20μL,对博落回乙醇提取液中小檗碱进行定量分析.结果表明:小檗碱和其他成分能获得基线分离,线性关系良好,平均加样回收...