逆向云在垩白识别中的应

在云理论的基础上提出了一种无需人工干预的垩白识别方法.在此方法中,把垩白与非垩白定义为两个定性概念,以一个不对称云和一个对称云来表达垩白与非垩白,以两组数字特征分别描述垩白云与非垩白云.首先,利用动态阈值算法获得训练样本,然后设计逆向云发生器实现定量到定性的转换,最后根据两个云的隶属度函数,用极大值判定法来实现垩白区与非垩白区的分离.试验结果表明,云分类法分类精度高于传统的硬分类法.     

真空干燥条件对稻米食味品质的影

通过食味仪测量糙米理化指标数据,借鉴精米模型,利用系数重估法得出糙米主要成分含量与食味值的关系式.采用二次正交旋转组合设计方案,在控制干燥时间直至稻谷含水率达15%左右的基础上,建立了糙米食味值的数学模型.研究表明,干燥温度、初始含水率和真空度是影响稻米真空干燥食味品质的3个重要因素.对食味值的影响从大到小依次顺序为干燥温度、初始含水率、真空度,且前二者与食味值呈负相关,后者与之呈正相关.     

4种农药对水稻籽粒生长模型参数的影响

 研究了稻田常用的4种农药对水稻籽粒充实的影响。于水稻破口期一次性标记200个稻穗。后每隔4d每小区取回20个稻穗烘干。每稻穗分别摘取10粒强势粒和弱势粒,去壳称重,计算百粒米重。根据籽粒生长模型,计算起始生长势R0,旺盛生长期△t,旺盛生长期内干物质累积生长量GT,最大生长速率Vmax及饱和生长量K。结果表明,强弱势粒的所有上述参数均受到农药处理不同程度的影响。其中吡虫啉2个剂量(有效成分22.5gha-1、45gha-1)处理GT、K值与对照相比分别下降10.68%、0.59%和8.79%、8.66%。高     

FACE对水稻产量形成的影响及其原因分析

2001～2003年,在大田条件下以武香粳14号为供试品种,设计高、中、低氮处理,研究开放式空气CO2浓度增加(FACE)200μmolmol-1对水稻产量形成的影响及其原因。结果表明,FACE处理使水稻产量平均比对照增加12.8%,其中2001、2002和2003年增幅分别为10.8、14.1和13.6%,高、中、低氮处理的增幅分别为17.6、12.4、10.9%,均达到显著或极显著水平;FACE和氮处理对水稻产量的互作效应,2001、2002年达到显著水平,产量最高的处理组合为FACE×NN;FACE处理使水稻穗数平均比对照增加18.8%,每穗颖花数平均比对照减少7.6%,均达极显著水平;FACE处理使水稻生物产量平均提高16.2%,达极显著水平,使经济系数下降但未达到显著水平。进一步研究表明,FACE处理使水稻穗数极显著多于对照是因其分蘖发生速度快,最高分蘖数多所致,而不是其分蘖成穗率高的缘故;FACE处理使水稻每穗颖花数极显著少于对照是因其分化颖花的大量退化所致,而不是分化颖花数少的缘故。     

水稻抗倒伏能力与茎秆物理性状的关系及对产量的影响

研究了不同肥力条件下的水稻抗倒伏能力与茎秆物理性状的关系及对产量的影响。以成熟期植株倾斜角度代表的抗倒伏能力与茎秆第1伸长节间长度呈极显著负相关,与基部茎秆粗度、厚度分别呈极显著正相关。不同株高品种的抗倒伏能力存在着品种间差异;施氮对水稻群体倒伏具有重要影响。就产量来说,最高产群体一般出现在750kg/hm2的中肥区。研究认为,通过降低第1和第2伸长节间长度,适当加强茎秆基部物理性状的强度、降低穗位、增加穗长和穗颈长度等,可以提高水稻植株的抗倒性,使倒伏与株高和生物产量的矛盾在更高产水平上得到统一。     

水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨

 本文从水稻栽培学角度提出了高产群体质量这一新的理论问题。重点论述了水稻抽穗后物质生产量、群体总颖花量、粒叶比、有效及高效LAI、平均茎鞘重、颖花根活量以及有效分蘖率等与高产形成的关系，分别分析了它们在群体质量上的意义，并在有些方面初步指明了作为高产群体质量指标的数量范围。文章还阐述了高产群体质量优化控制的基本程序。     

Interactions of Water Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Rice

The interactions of water management and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utili-zation were studied in rice with Wuxiangjing9 (japonica). The results showed that the nitrogen uptake and re-maining in straw increased and the percentage of nitrogen translocation (PNT) from vegetative organs, nitro-gen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE) and nitrogen grain production efficiency (NGPE) decreasedwith nitrogen increasing. The nitrogen uptake and NGPE decreased when severe water stressed. However, ricenot only decreased the nitrogen uptake but also increased the PNT from vegetative organs, NDMPE and NGPEwhen mild water stressed. There were obvious interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and water management,such as with water stress increasing the effect of nitrogen on increasing nitrogen uptake was reduced and thaton decreasing NDMPE was intensified.     

N-硝基-N-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)-N′-2-甲氧基苯基脲生物活性的研究

研究了N -硝基 -N - ( 2 ,4,6—三氯苯基 ) -N′ - 2 -甲氧基苯基脲对单子叶作物水稻的植物生长调节活性及对单子叶杂草稗的除草活性 ,结果表明 :在一定的浓度范围内 ,该化合物对水稻具有植物生长调节活性 ,对稗具除草活性。     

Senescence of Top Three Leaves in Field‐Grown Rice Plants

Abstract

The top three leaves play important roles in biomass production and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop since the three leaves not only assimilate majority of carbon for grain filling during ripening phase, but also provide large proportion of remobilized‐nitrogen (N) for grain development during their senescence. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare senescence of the top three leaves and (b) compare the changes in N, chlorophyll, and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) contents of the top three leaves after their full expansion in field‐grown rice plants. When the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was plant age in terms of days after transplanting (DAT), senescence generally started earliest in ?3rd leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and latest in flag leaf. If the basis of comparison among the top three leaves was leaf age in terms of days after full leaf expansion (DAFE), it was not clear which leaf senesced earlier. Senescence rate was generally greatest in flag leaf, intermediate in ?2nd leaf, and smallest in ?3rd leaf. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content declined earlier, and at a faster rate than N and chlorophyll contents during the senescence of all top three leaves. Correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between N and chlorophyll contents. Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content correlated with N content better than with chlorophyll content. The suitability of N, chlorophyll, and Rubisco contents for quantifying the leaf senescence of field‐grown rice plants is discussed.     

酸化水浸种对水稻秧苗素质及产量影响的研究

本试验探讨了酸化水浸种对水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响。试验结果表明，用ｐＨ值为３．５～４．０的酸化水浸种，可明显提高水稻种的发芽率和发芽势，缩短发芽所需浸种天数和破胸时数，秧苗茎基粗壮，根系发达，大大降低了水稻苗期立枯病的发病率。三年本田试验结果表明，用ｐＨ值３．５～４．０的酸化水浸种可在一定范围内提高水稻子粒产量，增产幅度为６％～９％。