Measurement of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand without sample dilution or bacterial and nutrient enhancement

A direct method for measuring the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) of aquaculture samples that does not require sample dilution or bacterial and nutrient enrichment was evaluated. The regression coefficient (R²) between the direct method and the standard method for the analyses of 32 samples from catfish ponds was 0.996. The slope of the regression line did not differ from 1.0 or the Y-intercept from 0.0 at P = 0.05. Thus, there was almost perfect agreement between the two methods. The control limits (three standard deviations of the mean) for a standard solution containing 15 mg/L each of glutamic acid and glucose were 17.4 and 20.4 mg/L. The precision of the two methods, based on eight replicate analyses of four pond water samples did not differ at P = 0.05.     

Diurnal variations in hypothalamic monoamine levels in the teleostChanna punctatus (bloch) in response to melatonin under two photothermal conditions

Hypothalamic dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels exhibited marked day-night variations under ambient photoperiod and temperature (12L12D; 17±1°C) with peak values at mid-light phase. The 16L8D; 22±1°C treatment reversed the diurnal rhythm of 5-HT, but not that of DA and NA. However, there was an overall increase in the levels of the catecholamines on exposure to the long photoperiod and high temperature. The administration of melatonin in the fish held on 16L8D; 22±1°C regime restored the 5-HT rhythm to that of the 12L12D; 17±1°C control group, but with elevated mid-photophase value. However, there was no effect of the indole treatment on the 5-HT rhythm under the 12L12D; 17±1°C regime. Melatonin causes a significant reduction of NA level in both the groups, while DA level did not change in either group.     

鱼类特有的Ring型E3泛素连接酶MARCH5A基因在刺激隐核虫感染下的表达分析

为探究大黄鱼MARCH5A的免疫作用,实验采用反转录PCR确认了该基因的c DNA序列。该序列全长1045 bp,包含1个长度为867 bp的开放阅读框,编码288个氨基酸;序列分析显示该蛋白含1个RINGv和4个跨膜结构域。进化树分析表明大黄鱼有11个MARCH家族蛋白(与哺乳动物相同),但鱼类存在多个亚型,MARCH5A为鱼类特有蛋白,其蛋白理化性质和三维结构均与MARCH5B存在一定的差异。荧光定量PCR分析显示,MARCH5A在健康大黄鱼的多个组织中均有表达,在血液和心脏中表达量最高,其次为鳃和脑,而在肾脏和皮肤中表达量最少。刺激隐核虫感染大黄鱼后,MARCH5A在皮肤中早期表达量显著上调,第2天为对照组的9.65倍,后期下调。在鳃、脾脏和头肾中的前期表达量也有所增加,后期下降。结果表明大黄鱼MARCH5A在抗刺激隐核虫免疫应答过程中可能发挥重要作用。     

厚壳贻贝5-羟色胺2A受体(5-HT2AR)基因克隆和时空表达

为探究5-羟色胺2A受体（5-HT 2A receptor, 5-HT2AR）基因在海水贝类生长发育中的作用,本研究通过RACE技术和实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）克隆了厚壳贻贝5-HT2AR 基因的cDNA全长,并分析该基因的时空表达。结果显示,5-HT2AR基因全长2 636 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）2 124 bp,共编码707个氨基酸。序列分析结果显示该序列与人、小鼠、斑马鱼、长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝等物种分别具有45%、45%、48%、49%和67%的同源性。厚壳贻贝雌雄成体各组织和器官中均有5-HT2AR基因表达,雄性中的鳃表达量最高,而在雌性鳃、外套膜和性腺中的表达稍高于其他组织和器官;推测该基因可能与厚壳贻贝的摄食、对外界环境的感知及促进卵母细胞成熟有关。5-HT2AR基因在厚壳贻贝各发育阶段均有表达,且稚贝的表达量为眼点幼虫的1.4倍,推测5-HT2AR基因可能参与了调控厚壳贻贝幼虫的生长发育过程。本研究为进一步了解5-HT基因家族在双壳贝类中的功能奠定了基础。     

Regeneration of adventitious shoots from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1)

Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1) was achieved in vitro. The influences of the presence and absence of the light, different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) in the culture media, TDZ pretreatments and different basal salts on shoot regeneration were evaluated. TDZ was more effective in inducing shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons than BA. Dark incubation significantly increased the regeneration frequencies. Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal salts stimulated shoot regeneration more than woody plant (WPM) or B5 salts did. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation varied among the varieties and the regeneration ability appeared to be genotype depended. The frequency of regeneration under the optimum tested conditions for ‘Bruce’, ‘Shiro’, ‘Redheart’, ‘Gladstone’ and ‘Early Golden’ cotyledons were 66.7%, 46.7%, 43.3%, 26.7% and 6.7%, respectively.     

水稻粉质皱缩胚乳突变体fse4的表型分析与基因克隆

【目的】水稻种子主要以淀粉形式储藏能量。淀粉合成需要多种酶类和调控因子参与，机制较为复杂。本研究利用水稻胚乳发育缺陷突变体，克隆和鉴定新的调控淀粉合成相关基因，旨在为研究淀粉合成及其调控提供理论依据。【方法】从化学诱变剂甲基亚硝基脲（1-methyl-1-nitroso-urea, MNU）处理的宁粳3号(Ningjing 3, WT)突变体库中筛选到一个能稳定遗传的胚乳粉质皱缩突变体，命名为fse4 (floury and shrunken 4 )。与籼稻品种Dular杂交获得F1种子（F2），通过图位克隆的策略确定FSE4候选基因。利用杂合植株（FSE4fse4）分离出的粉质种子，观察形态学特征，分析其理化性质。使用扫描电镜和半薄切片技术观察胚乳结构。使用qRT-PCR和免疫印迹分析淀粉合成相关基因表达模式和淀粉合成相关酶类的蛋白积累量。利用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定成熟胚乳各氨基酸含量。【结果】突变体fse4籽粒宽度、厚度以及千粒重显著下降，同时胚乳中总淀粉、总蛋白、直链淀粉含量亦显著下降，而脂肪含量显著上升；淀粉黏度、崩解值和消减值显著低于野生型。突变体fse4中多为单粒型淀粉颗粒，且排列分散。FSE4定位于第5染色体长臂约252 kb的区间内，测序发现编码Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶基因 （Delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, P5CS）第1外显子上发生单碱基替换，导致一保守的氨基酸发生变异。突变体fse4中大部分淀粉合成相关基因表达量下调，多种淀粉合成相关蛋白积累量减少。突变体fse4米粉中多种氨基酸含量发生显著变化，游离氨基酸含量是其野生型的3.6倍。此外，外源喷施脯氨酸能部分恢复突变体fse4种子萌发缺陷表型。【结论】FSE4编码脯氨酸合成关键限速酶P5CS，该基因对胚乳中氨基酸的合成及代谢起重要的调控作用，并影响淀粉的合成与积累。     

高产高油抗病油葵杂交种晋葵5号的选育

晋葵5号是以雄性不育系76202－3A为母本，恢复系902－11R为父本组配选育而成，该杂交种抗旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、耐菌核病能力强，含油率达51．44％，品种鉴定平均产量3823．5kg/hm^2，比对照品种汾葵杂3号增产13．9％，生产示范平均产量2056．5kg/hm^2，比对照品种晋葵2号增产17．0％，适宜高寒山区春播及麦茬复播。     

5年生种植人参对成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的调节作用

目的观察5年生种植人参食用对成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的影响,探讨人参食用对机体内分泌系统功能的调节作用。方法正常成年Wistar大鼠随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只。各组大鼠连续灌胃给药3个月,观察下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的变化。结果与对照组比较,人参原粉中、大剂量组,人参水提物大剂量组和人参醇提物中、大剂量组均可使正常成年大鼠血清FSH的含量降低(P0.05或P0.01),人参原粉中剂量组可以使正常大鼠前列腺脏器系数升高(P0.05),人参原粉小、大剂量组可以使正常大鼠睾丸+附睾脏器系数升高(P0.05),人参原粉、人参水提物和人参醇提物各剂量组对正常成年雄性大鼠血清T、Cor.及海绵体组织中NO的含量,雌性大鼠血清E2、Cor.的含量,血清中LH的含量及阴茎、子宫和卵巢脏器系数均无明显影响(P0.05)。结论人参原粉、人参水提物和人参醇提物对正常成年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴具有一定的调节作用。     

赣豆5号高产栽培技术研究

赣豆5号是国审优质大豆新品种,为探索该品种的最优高产栽培措施,为该品种的大面积推广应用提供科学依据,研究了不同播期、密度和氮肥追施量对赣豆5号产量及农艺性状的影响.结果表明,密度、播期、密度和氮肥互作效应对赣豆5号产量影响极显著,在施入等量的钙镁磷肥(375kg hm-2)和钾肥(150 kg hm-2)前提下,赣豆5号在6月29日播种,密度取12万株hm-2,氮肥追施量为300 kg hm-2,产量最高,经济效益最好.