Comparison of Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (India) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (Israel) among Lycopersicon Wild Species, Breeding Lines and Hybrids

The objective of this study was to screen wild and domesticated tomatoes for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Israel (TYLCV-Is) and Tomato leaf curl virus from Bangalore isolate 4, India (ToLCV-[Ban4]) to find sources of resistance to both viruses. A total of 34 tomato genotypes resistant/tolerant to TYLCV-Is were screened for resistance to ToLCV-[Ban4] under glasshouse and field conditions at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. Resistance was assessed by criteria like disease incidence, symptom severity and squash-blot hybridization. All the tomato genotypes inoculated with ToLCV-[Ban4] by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) produced disease symptoms. In some plants of the lines 902 and 910, however, the virus was not detected by hybridization. The tomato genotypes susceptible to ToLCV-[Ban4] by whitefly-mediated inoculation were also found susceptible to the virus under field conditions. However, there were substantial differences between genotypes in disease incidence, spread, symptom severity and crop yield. Despite early disease incidence, many genotypes produced substantially higher yields than the local hybrid, Avinash-2. Sixteen tomato genotypes from India resistant/tolerant to ToLCV-[Ban4] were also tested for TYLCV-Is resistance at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. Accessions of wild species, Lycopersicon hirsutum LA 1777 and PI 390659 were the best sources of resistance to both viruses. Lines 902 and 910, which were, resistant to TYLCV-Is were only tolerant to ToLCV-[Ban4] and accession Lycopersicon peruvianum CMV Sel. INRA, resistant to ToLCV-[Ban4], was only tolerant to TYLCV-Is. Implications of using the resistant lines in breeding programme is discussed.     

Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in Lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in Tomato and Melon, and AG 4 HG-III in Broccoli and Spinach, in Brazil

Fungi isolated in Brazil, from lettuce, broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato, were identified as Rhizoctonia solani. All lettuce isolates anastomosed with both AG 1-IA and IB subgroups and all isolates from broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato anastomosed with AG 4 subgroup HG-I, as well as with subgroups HG-II and HG-III. DNA sequence analyses of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers showed that isolates from lettuce were AG 1-IB, isolates from tomato and melon were AG 4 HG-I, and isolates from broccoli and spinach were AG 4 HG-III. The tomato isolates caused stem rot symptoms, the spinach, broccoli and melon isolates caused hypocotyl and root rot symptoms on the respective host plants and the lettuce isolates caused bottom rot. This is the first report on the occurrence in Brazil of R. solani AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, of AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach and of AG 1-IB in lettuce.     

迟菜心新品种特青迟心4号的选育

特青迟心4号为迟熟种，株型矮壮，叶色深绿，薹色青绿，有光泽，菜薹匀条实心，主薹高25．4cm，薹粗2．10cm，单薹重62．58，商品率高，较耐霜霉病，品质脆嫩，风味好，适播期10月—翌牟2月，播种至初收50—55天，可连续采收20-25天，667m^2产量1000—1400kg。     

植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的表达调控与研究展望

苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanineammonia-lyase,PAL,EC4.3.1.5)是催化苯丙烷代谢途径第一步反应的酶,也是这个途径的关键酶,对植物有非常重要的生理意义。根据有关文献综述了植物PAL的分布与定位、酶学性质,总结了生长发育、钝化因子与调节因子、末端产物等内部因素及光、温、机械损伤与生长调节剂等外部因素对PAL的调控作用,得出外部因子是在转录水平上对酶活性实施调控的结论,并运用酶学和分子生物学方面的知识阐述了其调控机理。还着重阐述了PAL酶在果树上的研究现状与进展,并对其今后的研究及在果树上的应用进行了展望。     

木耳漆酶高产菌株筛选及其发酵条件的研究

通过运用不同检测方法对木耳属中的三个种的 2 7个菌株的产过氧化物酶、漆酶能力的检测 ,筛选得到一漆酶高产菌株毛木耳 (Auriculariapolytricha)AP4。并且对AP4的产漆酶的发酵条件进行了初步研究。摇瓶实验产漆酶的最佳培养基的成分为 :碳源羧甲基纤维素(CMC) 5g/L ,氮源NH4NO3 L -天冬酰胺 (L -As paragine) 2 4mmol/L ,培养基的初始pH4 0 ,培养温度2 5℃。     

吡啶衍生物研究(IX):N-(1-甲氧羰基)乙基-N-[5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]酰胺的合成及除草活性

为了进一步研究前期发现的除草先导化合物2-仲丁氨基-5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1，3，4-噻二唑(BCPT)的结构-活性关系并提高其除草活性，设计并合成了一系列N-(1-甲氧羰基)乙基-N-[5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-基]酰胺类化合物。其苗后除草活性测定结果表明，所有化合物的活性都远低于BCPT本身。说明BCPT可能具有与传统酰胺类除草剂不同的作用机制。     

Familial Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Pomeranian Dogs Caused by a Missense Variant in the NADH‐Cytochrome B5 Reductase Gene

Background

In veterinary medicine, congenital methemoglobinemia associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency is rare. It has been reported in several breeds of dogs, but little information is available about its etiology.

Objectives

To analyze the NADH‐cytochrome b5 reductase gene, CYB5R3, in a Pomeranian dog family with methemoglobinemia suspected to be caused by congenital b5R deficiency.

Animals

Three Pomeranian dogs from a family with methemoglobinemia were analyzed. Five healthy beagles and 5 nonrelated Pomeranian dogs without methemoglobinemia were used as controls.

Methods

Methemoglobin concentration, b5R activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration were measured, and a turbidity index was used to evaluate Heinz body formation. The CYB5R3 genes of the affected dog and healthy dogs were analyzed by direct sequencing.

Results

Methemoglobin concentrations in erythrocytes of the affected dogs were remarkably higher than those of the control dogs. The b5R activity of the affected dogs was notably lower than that of the control dogs. DNA sequencing indicated that this Pomeranian family carried a CYB5R3 gene missense variant (ATC→CTC at codon 194) that resulted in the replacement of isoleucine (Ile) by leucine (Leu).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This dog family had familial congenital methemoglobinemia caused by b5R deficiency, which resulted from a nonsynonymous variant in the CYB5R3 gene. This variation (c.580A>C) led to an amino acid substitution (p.Ile194Leu), and Ile194 was located in the proximal region of the NADH‐binding motif. Our data suggested that this variant in the canine CYB5R3 gene would affect function of the b5R in erythrocytes.     

sikFBA4基因启动子的克隆及低温表达模式分析

天山雪莲生长于常年积雪覆盖高海拔处的高山区域,具有很强的极端低温生境适应能力,属于研究植物低温适应的良好模式植物。前期的研究表明,sikFBA4基因可以显著提高番茄的抗寒能力。为进一步研究sikFBA4基因的耐寒响应模式,以天山雪莲为材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR分析sikFBA4在低温胁迫下的表达模式;利用高效热不对称PCR法(Hi-Tail PCR)克隆sikFBA4启动子序列并进行生物信息学分析。为分析PsikFBA4序列克隆的完整性及转录表达特性,将PsikFBA4与GUS基因融合在烟草中进行瞬时表达。结果表明,sikFBA4在低温胁迫条件下的表达发生瞬时显著上调,并在1 h达到峰值,而后表达下调。通过启动子克隆分析,在PsikFBA4序列-1648 bp位置处具有冷响应元件LTRE;进一步的GUS染色和酶活力测定结果表明,低温能够显著提高GUS基因的表达活性,说明sikFBA4属于低温诱导型基因。SikFBA4基因启动子的克隆、序列分析以及表达分析,为进一步探究雪莲果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(sikFBAs)基因的表达与调控机制奠定了基础。     

禽腺病毒血清4型贵州株全基因序列分析

为了解禽腺病毒血清4型(FAdV-4)地方流行毒株的分子进化情况,基于实验室分离的2株FAdV-4贵州株GZ-BJ株和GZ-QL株,分别对2株FAdV-4毒株进行PCR分段扩增,扩增产物克隆至载体,提取质粒进行PCR和双酶切鉴定后筛选出重组质粒进行测序,将测序结果依次拼接得到病毒的全基因组,获得FAdV-4贵州株的全基因序列,并对其进行序列和遗传进化分析。结果显示,通过PCR分段扩增成功获得了2株FAdV-4贵州株(GZ-BJ株和GZ-QL株)的全基因序列,长度分别为43352、43723 bp,FAdV-4 GZ-BJ株全基因序列长度比FAdV-4 GZ-QL株短371 bp,少6个ORF(22K、putative 9.1 ku、u-exon、ORF17、ORF28、ORF42),二者的氨基酸同源性为57.1%。2株FAdV-4贵州株同国内外不同地区FAdV-4毒株核苷酸同源性在88.7%~100%,与FAdV-4经典毒株ON1比对,2株FAdV-4贵州株和国内FAdV-4分离株均缺失ORF19、ORF27、ORF30。系统进化树分析显示,2株FAdV-4贵州株GZ-BJ株和GZ-QL株仍属于Ⅰ群C种FAdV。研究结果表明,2株贵州株FAdV-4 GZ-BJ株和FAdV-4 GZ-QL株较国内外FAdV-4毒株均存在进化与突变,且FAdV-4 GZ-BJ株变化较大,但尚未改变其血清型,这为探索FAdV-4致病机理的分子机制研究提供依据。