辣椒新品种湘椒13号的选育

湘椒１３号是由湖南省地方品种中选出的９号自交系与北京引进的甜椒品种经多代定向选择而成的４号自交系配制的极早熟辣椒一代杂种。其植株生长势强,果实粗牛角形,果皮绿色,微辣,ＶＣ含量为１３１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１（鲜重）,风味佳,商品性好。从定植到采收约３５ｄ（天）,平均每６６７ｍ２产量２０００ｋｇ。早期产量比对照湘研１号增加１６．２５％,总产量增加２２．０９％,田间表现为抗寒、耐热,对疮痂病、病毒病、炭疽病抗性较强。     

辣椒新品种平椒3号的选育

平椒3号是以自交系99101为母本,自交系9949为父本配制的早熟一代杂种。果实羊角形,青熟果深绿色,果纵径17.7cm,果肩径3.0cm,果肉厚0.25cm,平均单果质量29.5g,肉质脆嫩,辣味浓且有香味,商品性好。田间对疫病、炭疽病、病毒病的抗性明显优于猪大肠。露地栽培每667m2青椒产量为3700kg左右,适宜西北地区及四川、山西、湖南等嗜辣地区露地栽培。     

辣椒新品种川腾2号的选育

川腾2号辣椒是以自交系03-8-4-2作母本,以自交系03-9-4-6作父本配制而成的一代杂种。该品种极早熟;果实粗牛角形,纵径12.2cm,横径4.5cm,果肉厚0.4cm,单果质量53.2g;青熟果深绿色,老熟果红色,外观商品性好;肉质脆嫩,微辣,适鲜食。露地667m2产鲜椒3000kg左右。耐寒、耐热、耐旱、耐涝,抗病毒病、疫病、炭疽病、蚜虫、跗线螨、烟青虫等的能力超过湘研1号,与湘研11号相当,为强或较强,适合四川和全国种植。     

超级杂交稻国稻1号农艺性状研究

对超级杂交稻国稻1号和杂交稻汕优63的株型特征以及农艺性状进行了比较分析,结果表明:国稻1号的单产之所以显著高于汕优63的,主要因为前者分蘖多且分蘖快,单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数多,而且结实率高。     

敌敌畏、敌百虫高效降解菌株DDB-1的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从长期受有机磷农药污染的土壤中分离到一株能同时高效降解敌敌畏、敌百虫的菌株DDB-1,经过一系列生理生化实验和16SrDNA序列同源性分析,将该菌株鉴定为鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingobiumsp．）。降解特性试验结果表明,菌株DDB-1能以敌敌畏和敌百虫为惟一碳源生长,初步推断菌株对敌百虫的降解有一条异于敌敌畏的降解途径;在25～42℃,pH6．5～8．5时降解性能良好,pH的变化对敌百虫降解效果的影响要小于敌敌畏,对敌敌畏、敌百虫的降解有着较广的pH范围和温度范围,在较高浓度的污染环境下同样能进行降解;在pH7、37℃时,100mg·L^-1敌敌畏和敌百虫分别经过15和30h降解至检测不出,降解率达100％。在灭菌土壤的农药降解试验中,100mg·L^-1敌敌畏和敌百虫分别经过5和7d降解至检测不出,降解速率远远超过不接菌土壤的敌敌畏、敌百虫降解速率,降解率达100%。该菌株在实际应用中有着很好的应用价值。     

DDT降解细菌W-1的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从受DDT污染的土壤中采取土样,经驯化富集后分离得到一株能够降解DDT的革兰氏阳性细菌W-1,通过生理生化鉴定,结合16S rDNA聚类分析,将W-1鉴定为短波单胞菌属（Brevunmdimonas sp．）。采用室内培养方法,研究了该菌株的降解特性。结果表明,W-1能在含10mg·L^-1 DDT的基础盐液体培养基中降解DDT,10d后降解率达到67．4％。添加葡萄糖可以促进W-1菌体生长及对DDT的降解;结构类似物联苯和4-氯苯甲酸能抑制W-1对DDT的降解,而添加表面活性剂Triton100和Tween20均可以提高W-1对DDT的降解。该菌株在250mL摇瓶中降解DDT的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为8．0。     

LcMYB1激活荔枝花色苷生物合成关键基因LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子区域分析

花色苷含量是荔枝果实呈现鲜红色的重要次生代谢产物,前人研究结果表明,LcMYB1通过调控关键基因的表达而影响荔枝果皮中花色苷的积累,其中LcDFR和LcUFGT1是荔枝果皮花色苷生物合成的关键基因,但是LcMYB1如何影响基因的表达,是否与结构基因启动子结合以及具体结合区段目前还不清楚。本研究通过克隆和分析LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子区域并对其进行分段处理,利用双荧光素酶和酵母单杂交实验,探究LcMYB1与LcDFR和LcUFGT1的启动子的结合区域。结果表明,LcDFR起始密码子上游1927 bp和LcUFGT1起始密码子上游1584 bp的启动子上分别有3个可能的MYB结合位点;双荧光素酶和酵母单杂交实验均显示LcMYB1可以结合LcDFR基因起始密码子上游904 bp到1425 bp包含有1个MYB-CORE元件的区域,LcMYB1与LcUFGT1基因启动子结合的区域是起始密码到上游610 bp,此区域包含有2个MYB-CORE元件。研究结果进一步证实了LcMYB1通过与基因LcDFR和LcUFGT1启动子结合发挥调控作用,并缩小了结合位点的范围。     

平阳霉素对盆栽小菊意大利红的诱变效应

利用1、2、4、8 mg·L-1平阳霉素(PYM)对小菊品种意大利红离体培养的叶片和茎段进行诱变处理.结果表明,PYM对叶片和茎段愈伤组织的诱导和分化具有明显的抑制作用,随着PYM质量浓度的增加,愈伤组织的诱导和分化均呈明显的下降趋势.对茎段外植体经不同质量浓度PYM处理后的M1代,进行田间主要观赏性状观察和统计分析,发现诱变后代与对照相比,平均株高、冠幅、节间长度和叶片长/宽均减小,花径增大,管状花数目和舌状花数目增加.诱变后代中还出现了叶色、叶型、花色以及花型变异的植株.随着PYM质量浓度由低到高,花型的变异率分别为0、2.5%、3.3%和1.2%,花型多为舌状花向下翻卷,或舌状花前端变尖;花色的变异率分别为0、4.9%、8.2%和1.2%,花色均往浅色方向变异.PYM最适的诱变质量浓度为2～4 mg·L-1.     

Molecular characterization of avipoxviruses circulating in Windhoek district,Namibia 2021

Samples from eleven birds (chicken, dove and peacock) with symptoms of fowlpox, caused by the avipoxvirus (APV), were collected in seven different areas of the Windhoek district, Namibia between April and October 2021. A fragment of the 4b core protein and the DNA polymerase gene of APV were amplified by PCR from the DNA of the samples and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the viruses present in the chickens all belonged to clade A1 while the viruses in the doves and peacock were from subclade A3.1. This is the first report of subclade A3.1 avipoxvirus in peacock. In addition, all of the samples obtained from chickens were shown by PCR to be positive for the integration of reticuloendotheliosis virus while those from the doves and peacocks were negative. This study is the first characterization of avipoxvirus in Namibia and provides additional information on the presence of avipoxvirus in southern Africa.     

Progress in Isoindolone Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Microorganism: Pharmacology,Preparation, and Mechanism

Compound 1 (SMTP-7, also FGFC1), an isoindolone alkaloid from marine fungi Starchbotrys longispora FG216 and fungi Stachybotrys microspora IFO 30018, possessed diverse bioactivities such as thrombolysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and so on. It may be widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including cerebral infarction, stroke, ischemia/reperfusion damage, acute kidney injury, etc. Especially in cerebral infarction, compound 1 could reduce hemorrhagic transformation along with thrombolytic therapy, as the traditional therapies are accompanied with bleeding risks. In the latest studies, compound 1 selectively inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation, thus demonstrating its excellent anti-cancer activity. Herein, we summarized pharmacological activities, preparation of staplabin congeners—especially compound 1—and the mechanism of compound 1, with potential therapeutic applications.