溶藻弧菌鞭毛蛋白flaC基因DNA疫苗对红笛鲷的免疫保护研究

为研究溶藻弧菌鞭毛蛋白flaC基因DNA疫苗对红笛鲷的免疫保护作用,实验构建了重组真核表达质粒pcDNA-flaC并将该质粒肌肉注射红笛鲷,采用PCR、RT-PCR、ELISA和攻毒试验等方法检测了该真核表达质粒在红笛鲷组织内的分布、表达和对红笛鲷的免疫保护.PCR结果显示,免疫接种7和28 d,注射点周围肌肉、鳃、肾脏、肝脏和脾脏都存在质粒分布;RT-PCR结果显示,免疫接种后第7天、14天和28天,红笛鲷不同组织内均有目的基因表达.ELISA结果表明,鱼血清内产生了抗FlaC蛋白的抗体,表明DNA疫苗免疫后鱼体表达了目的蛋白,并诱导产生了相应抗体.攻毒实验表明,免疫后的红笛鲷能较好地抵抗致病性溶藻弧菌的感染.结果表明,质粒pcDNA-flaC可能是抵抗溶藻弧菌感染的有效的疫苗候选物.     

红笛鲷头肾消减cDNA文库的构建与分析

应用抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH)构建红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)头肾消减cDNA文库,筛选红笛鲷免疫相关基因的EST.以哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)灭活疫苗体内诱导红笛鲷为实验组,以注射无菌生理盐水的红笛鲷为驱动组,通过SSH技术构建红笛鲷头肾消减.DNA文库.利用PCR技术和斑点杂交对文库进行筛选,从2 424个含插人片段的阳性克隆中筛选了680个克隆在上海生工进行了序列测定.使用BLASTx和BLASTn工具对获得的ESTs与GenBank数据库进行同源性比较并根据相似性序列的名称通过GO法对ESTs进行注释.结果获得了30个与红笛鲷免免疫防御相关基因的EST,如组织相容性抗原复合物基因(MHC I和MHCII),免疫球蛋白基因(IgH和IgL)、热休克蛋白基因(HSP10,HSP70和HSP90)等.本研究构建了哈氏弧菌灭活疫苗免疫后与正常组织差异表达的消减cDNA文库,并获得一批与红笛鲷免疫防御相关的ESTs,旨在为探讨红笛鲷分子免疫防御机制、筛选参与免疫防御调控相关的功能基因,揭示红笛鲷免疫抗病机制、提高机体抗病力、实现遗传改良奠定基础.     

5种笛鲷mtDNA及Cyt b基因片段的RFLP比较

采用线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态性分析(mtDNA-RFLP)和线粒体DNA的细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)的部分序列扩增限制性片段长度多态性分析(mtDNA PCR-RFLP)两种方法,对笛鲷属5种鱼类进行种间系统发育的比较研究,结果显示：(1)画眉笛鲷依照其形态学上体侧条带颜色差异,可分为褐带画眉笛鲷和黄带画眉笛鲷两个种;(2)千年笛鲷和星点笛鲷、褐带画眉笛鲷和黄带画眉笛鲷、金带笛鲷和金焰笛鲷之间遗传距离相对较近;(3)两种分析方法都可以为种的区分提供方便有效的分子标记;(4)两种分析方法在构建发育系统树上不完全一致。本文从mtDNA角度深入研究了南海海域笛鲷的系统发生,表明了mtDNA作为一种广泛应用的分子标记的实用性,同时也有一些潜在问题需要进一步研究。     

消化酶活力在千年笛鲷幼鱼不同消化器官中的比较研究

测定和比较了千年笛鲷(Lutjanussebae)幼鱼不同消化器官的消化酶活性。结果表明,蛋白酶比活力为:肠>胃>肝胰脏(P<0·01);淀粉酶比活力为:肠>肝胰脏>胃(P<0·01);脂肪酶比活力为:肠>肝胰脏>胃,胃和肝胰脏间差异不显著(P>0·05),但二者和肠之间差异极显著(P<0·01)。千年笛鲷幼鱼肠道对食物的整体消化能力始终较强,肝胰脏和胃是消化食物的辅助器官。     

紫红笛鲷血细胞发生研究

将体质量510~620 g的紫红笛鲷用间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐麻醉后解剖,取出头肾、体肾、肝脏、脾脏,用干净的刀片居中横切、纵切,印片和涂片用Wright-Giemsa染液染色10 min,观察头肾、体肾、脾脏、肝脏4个组织印片以及外周血涂片。试验结果显示,头肾、体肾、脾脏是其造血器官。头肾能发育生成各类型血细胞,体肾能生成红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞,脾脏能生成淋巴细胞。肝脏中未发现幼稚型血细胞。红细胞发育经过原红细胞、早幼红细胞、中幼红细胞、晚幼红细胞和红细胞5个阶段;原粒细胞发育至早幼粒细胞后,分化为嗜碱性中幼粒细胞、嗜酸性中幼粒细胞和中性中幼粒细胞,最后发育成嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞;淋巴细胞和单核细胞发育经过原始、幼稚和成熟3个阶段。血细胞在发育过程中,胞体逐渐变小,细胞核逐渐变小,染色质由疏松到致密;粒细胞中,颗粒由少到多。     

红尾皇冠鱼(Aequidens rivulatus)病原无乳链球菌的分离、鉴定与特性分析

为查明天津地区养殖红尾皇冠鱼(Aequidens rivulatus)大量死亡的原因,取患病红尾皇冠鱼进行细菌分离,从病鱼肾脏中分离到优势菌株071901,人工感染试验证实其对红尾皇冠鱼有较强的致病性;采用形态学观察、生理生化特性、16S r RNA基因序列系统发育树分析及cfb(GBS-specific gene cfb,CAMP factor)基因检测对菌株071901进行鉴定。结果显示,菌株071901为革兰氏阳性球菌,生化特性与链球菌属的无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)相近,基于16S r RNA基因序列的系统发育分析将菌株071901与无乳链球菌聚为一支,以071901为模板特异性扩增无乳链球菌的cfb基因,也得到了预期的900 bp的核酸片段,进一步证实菌株071901为无乳链球菌。对30种抗生素的药敏结果显示,菌株071901对红霉素、阿奇霉素等19种药物敏感,对多粘霉素、罗红霉素、呋喃唑酮等11种药物耐药。     

红笛鲷和卵形鲳鲹鳃的扫描电镜观察与功能探讨

对两种鲈形目鱼类红笛鲷Lutjanus erythopterus和卵形鲳(鱼参) Trachinotus ovatus的鳃结构进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明,红笛鲷和卵形鲳(鱼参)鳃的表面结构和微细结构与其他硬骨鱼类基本相似,鳃丝表面都具有规则或不规则分布的环形微嵴、沟、坑、孔等结构。红笛鲷的中部鳃丝表面一部分较为平坦,基部鳃丝表面则凹凸不平。红笛鲷的鳃小片高度要较卵形鲳(鱼参)鳃小片高。红笛鲷和卵形鲳(鱼参)鳃上皮的几种细胞的形态结构及数量分布存在细微的差异。红笛鲷鳃上的扁平上皮细胞界限清楚,而卵形鲳(鱼参)鳃上扁平上皮细胞表面遍布不规则的微嵴,细胞界限模糊。红笛鲷鳃丝表面的氯细胞数量多于卵形鲳(鱼参),这可能与两种鱼对生活环境、生活习性的长期演变相关。     

Effect of plant protease inhibitors on digestive proteases in two fish species, Lutjanus argentiventris and L. novemfasciatus

This work provides a comparative study of the inhibitory effect of several plant protein sources on digestive proteases of two snappers: yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) and dog snapper (Lutjanus novemfasciatus). Seed extracts did not affect gastric proteases whereas they significantly inhibit intestinal proteases. Inhibition of alkaline proteases showed that pancreatic proteases of L. argentiventris were more sensitive to seed protease inhibitors than those of L. novemfasciatus. Legume seeds showed the highest inhibitory capacity on alkaline proteases causing inhibition higher than 50% in total proteolytic activity. Protease inhibition on digestive extracts was assessed using different relative concentration of seed extracts and represented by constructing dose response curves. In order to reduce the inhibitory effect, seed extracts were acid-treated before the inhibition assay. Results showed that acid treatment did not affect the inhibitory capacity of seeds on alkaline proteases in both species. However, when the action of gastric enzymes was simulated on seed extracts, the inhibitory capacity was reduced significantly, mainly in the case of L. novemfasciatus. The responses of fish enzymes to heat-treated seed extracts were also tested. Only higher temperatures were capable of reducing the inhibitory capacity of seed, with the specific response to the snapper species. The use of biochemical assays allows us to quantify the action of inhibitors on total proteolytic activity. In addition, zymograms obtained by substrate-SDS-PAGE provided qualitative information about the number and type of proteases affected by each inhibitor. Each seed extract produces a characteristic profile of inhibition on alkaline protease. The results obtained are important for future formulation of feeds for these snapper species.