阴离子盐对围产期奶牛健康和生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究阴离子盐对围产期奶牛产后健康和生产性能的影响。试验选取24头围产前期经产奶牛分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂牧场原饲料、试验组于产前21 d饲喂含阴离子盐颗粒料,产犊后统一饲喂牧场原有日粮。结果显示,试验组奶牛尿液pH值维持在5.7~6.9;与对照组相比,试验组血液pH值显著降低（P<0.05）,血钙含量、血糖水平、碱性磷酸酶活性在产后1 d显著升高（P<0.05）;试验组低血钙、产乳热、胎衣不下、真胃移位和乳房炎等疾病的发生率降低,其中胎衣不下发病率显著降低（P<0.05）;但两组间产奶量无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,饲喂阴离子盐颗粒料可提高奶牛的健康状况,维持血钙平衡。     

钙离子载体及咖啡因对绵羊精子获能的影响

通过添加不同浓度(0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5、1、5、10μmol/L)的钙离子载体(A23187,IA)及2 mmol/L咖啡因,探讨不同作用时间其对绵羊精子体外获能的影响。结果发现,IA浓度越高,精子的体外获能率越高,顶体反应率越低,活力越低,死精子就越多;而延长作用时间对获能、顶体反应的影响不明显。IA和咖啡因共同作用后,咖啡因能够促进IA诱导顶体反应的发生。建议用IA诱导绵羊精子获能时,其浓度以0.05~0.2μmol/L为宜,作用时间1 min。     

一个山羊Ⅰ型毛角蛋白基因的序列及其在皮肤中的表达

角蛋白家族包含表皮软角蛋白和毛发硬角蛋白，可以分为酸性Ⅰ型和碱性或中性的Ⅱ型角蛋白亚家族。从构建的成年山羊皮肤cDNA文库和ESTs分析中发现了和与绵羊羊毛角蛋白8C1和人Ⅰ型毛发角蛋白相应cDNA序列高度同源的序列，经序列分析证明是一个山羊毛发特异性角蛋白，命名为山羊Ⅰ型毛角蛋白1（gHa1），Gen Bank序列号为AY510110．1。推导的读码框ORF由413氨基酸组成，与绵羊8C1角蛋白的序列一致性为97．8％。原位杂交显示它在皮肤初级和次级毛囊的皮质层有强烈的表达。     

青虾的虾苗培育及其稻田养殖技术

报道了青虾的虾苗培育和捕捞技术及青虾稻田养殖的具体技术和应注意的问题。     

犬卵巢卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

从屠宰母犬卵巢获取的卵母细胞,用含有FSH和LH的TCM—199培养基培养24～48h后,卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COC)表现扩展,生发泡(GV)破裂(GThD),且COC的扩展率和GVBD率随着培养时间的延长而逐渐升高.超微结构观察,卵母细胞体外成熟培养后,其胞质内线粒体、皮质颗粒等迁移到皮质区;高尔基复合体减少或消失,颗粒细胞和卵母细胞间的间隙连接消失.     

The face of conservation responding to a dynamically changing world

In its 40‐year history, the science of conservation has faced unprecedented challenges in terms of environmental damage and rapid global change, and environmental problems are only increasing as greater demands are placed on limited natural resources. Conservation science has been adapting to keep pace with these changes. Here, we highlight contemporary and emerging trends and innovations in conservation science that we believe represent the most effective responses to biodiversity threats. We focus on specific areas where conservation science has had to adjust its approach to address emerging threats to biodiversity, including habitat destruction and degradation, climate change, declining populations and invasive species. We also document changes in attitudes, norms and practices among conservation scientists. A key component to success is engaging and maintaining public support for conservation, which can be facilitated through the use of technology. These recent trends in conservation and management are innovative and will assist in optimizing conservation strategies, increasing our leverage with the general public and tackling our current environmental challenges.     

Bacteriological Quality of Ready-Mixed Mink Feed in Finland

Frozen samples of Finnish ready-mixed mink feed were analyzed for total bacterial count, the number of faecal streptococci, the coliform count, the number of haemolytic bacteria and the number of sulphite-reducing bacteria. The investigation comprised 242 feed samples from 38 central kitchens and larger private farm kitchens, the combined feed production of which is about 85 % of the yearly feed production of Finland.Of all samples 48.3 % had a total bacterial count of 10⁶ … 6} × 106 bacteria per g of feed. The total bacterial count was relatively constant during the first four production periods of the year (December-August) and was elevated during the last period (September-November). The percentage of samples containing less than 2.5 × 10⁴ faecal streptococci per g of feed was 49.8 %; 62 % of the samples contained less than 2.5 × 10⁴ coliform bacteria per g. The content of coliform bacteria was lowest during the third production period (May); 48.5 % of the samples contained 5 × 10³ … 10⁵ haemolytic bacteria per g, and 4.6 % were negative. The content of haemolytic bacteria was relatively constant during the whole production year; 52.6 % of the feed samples contained 5 × 10³ … 10⁵ sulphite-reducing bacteria per g, and 17.2 % were negative. The mean content of sulphite-reducing bacteria was lowest during the second production period (March-April).The results are discussed and compared with corresponding results from Norway and Denmark.     

在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸稳定性的研究

通过两个试验,研究在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸的降解率。试验1:N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在pH值6.5、温度为39℃的缓冲液中孵育9h,其降解率为3.3%。试验2:运用瘤胃体外发酵技术研究N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸不同添加量对pH值、氨态氮、微生物蛋白动态变化的影响。结果表明,添加0.4、0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵3～6h,均能够显著降低体系的pH值;添加0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵12h能够显著提高氨态氮的浓度;N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在发酵过程中不影响微生物蛋白产量。以上结果显示,N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在体外模拟瘤胃发酵的条件下可以稳定存在。     

新农业综合执法指导下我国动物卫生监督工作对策

动物产品作为日常饮食结构的重要组成内容,直接关乎人民健康和社会安定,因此动物卫生监督工作责任重大。动物卫生监督作为农业综合执法的一项基本工作内容,在执法改革过程中仍有许多问题制约着动物卫生监督工作的有效开展。该文从执法力量、职责划分、兽医数量、专业水平、执法环境和市场监管6个方面分析动物卫生监督工作中的不足,并提出对策。     

中国南方草地现状与生产潜力

中国南方草地区为秦岭、淮河以南、青藏高原以东的广大地区 ,总面积约 2 70万 km2 ,分属淮河、长江、珠江 3大流域。南方草地多山 ,本文涉及的 12个南方省区中 ,山地与平原之比平均为 4 .85∶ 1,比全国平均比值高出 1倍。山地面积之大小与青藏高原距离的远近呈负相关。南方草地大体可以分为云贵高原区、华东区和华南区。笔者提出建立 3类系统耦合经济带 ,即西南岩溶山地系统耦合生态经济带、江淮平原丘陵系统耦合生态经济带和岭南沿海平原丘陵生态经济带。每一生态经济带内包含中心城市 ,农村生产基地和社会支持系统。据初步估算 ,这样的生态经济带蕴藏了巨大的经济潜力