单株平衡法的建立

单株平衡法的建立孙长忠，黄宝龙（西北林学院林学系杨陵７１２１００）（南京林业大学南京２１００３７）关键词黄土高原，蒸腾量，蒸发量，单株平衡法，单株平衡方程，蒸发偏量在黄土高原地区，水分因素对植物生长及生存具有强烈的限制作用。研究植物生长与环境水分条件...     

Forest structure, composition, and tree diversity response to a gradient of regeneration harvests in the mid-Cumberland Plateau escarpment region, USA

Upland hardwood stands on mesic, escarpment-oriented sites on the Cumberland Plateau region of northeastern Alabama provide a myriad management opportunities. Stands are primarily managed for Quercus, but the high species diversity allows for management that targets multiple species. Stand composition is unique in that dominant species include shade tolerant species such as Acer saccharum, intermediate tolerant Quercus spp. and Carya spp., and intolerant Liriodendron tulipifera. Three replications of five levels of disturbance were created to assess species compositional changes; disturbances included three levels of harvest intensity, a mid-story herbicide treatment, and a control. After eight growing seasons, there were no discernable differences in species richness, diversity or evenness. Importance values based on relative basal area and relative density also changed little, except for clearcuts where L. tulipifera greatly increased. An initial gradient in basal area, canopy cover, and light created by harvesting or thinning dissipated following five growing seasons. Options exist for future stand management, including promoting two-aged or uneven-aged systems. Maintenance of Quercus will require additional tending.     

PTDCA模式在黄土丘陵区防护林建设中的应用

笔者通过黄土丘陵区防护林综合配套技术构建的实践与探索,结合林业工程的生态公益性出发,以参与式PDCA项目周期管理方法为基础,创造性地引入培训(Train)这一环节,提出了增能扩效PTDCA项目周期管理模式。具体阐述了PTDCA的涵义,从制定计划、培训、项目实施、监测评估和完善改进5个方面介绍了PTDCA在防护林建设中的应用过程,指出了项目实施具有提高森林覆盖率、提高造林成活率与保存率、增加林木生长量和加强培训效果4个方面的成效,最后对PTDCA项目周期管理模式今后的发展进行了展望。     

林地土壤水分模型SWUF在晋西黄土高原的适用性

采用EnviroSMART土壤水分定位监测系统于2008-05-14至2008-10-11及2009-05-05至2009-08-05对晋西黄土区刺槐人工林、油松人工林(水平条整地)、天然次生林0～150cm土层的土壤水分进行实时监测。以这些监测数据为基础,分析SWUF模型参数的敏感性,进行参数率定,验证SWUF模型在晋西黄土高原水土保持林地的适用性。结果表明:SWUF模型中的蒸发参数、产流参数、非饱和水流参数属于高度敏感性参数,使用SWUF时必须对这些参数进行率定;SWUF模型对刺槐人工林20～150cm各土层、油松人工林和次生林0～150cm各土层土壤水分动态模拟效果较好,模拟值与实测值相对误差在20%以内;SWUF适用于模拟油松人工林和天然次生林各土层每日土壤含水量,也能够比较充分地模拟3种林地不同深度土壤层土壤水分的日变化趋势,但在模拟耗水量大的刺槐林表层土壤水分方面还需要改进。     

Storage of biomass and net primary productivity in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China

Biomass and net primary productivity （NPP） are two important parameters in determining ecosystem carbon pool and carbon sequestration. The biomass storage and NPP in desert shrubland of Artemisia ordosica on Ordos Plateau were investigated with method of harvesting standard size shrub in the growing season （June-October） of 2006. Results indicated that above- and belowground biomass of the same size shrubs showed no significant variation in the growing season （p〉0.1）, but annual biomass varied significantly （p〈 0.01）. In the A. ordosica community, shrub biomass storage was 699.76-1246.40 g.m^-2 and annual aboveground NPP was 224.09 g-m^-2·a^-1. Moreover, shrub biomass and NPP were closely related with shrub dimensions （cover and height） and could be well predicted by shrub volume using power regression.     

Needle blight caused by Dothistroma pini in Slovakia: distribution,host range and mating types

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) has been observed in Slovakia during the last two decades. Up until 2017, Dothistroma septosporum has only been detected and molecularly confirmed to cause DNB in Slovakia. Here, we report the detection of Dothistroma pini at six localities around Slovakia, representing different plantation types. Four pine species (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, P. mugo and P. jeffreyi) were confirmed as hosts of D. pini in Slovakia, of which only P. mugo has been previously reported as host in Slovakia. Three gene regions (ITS, EF1 –α, and ß-tubulin) of each of the 13 isolates were sequenced and assigned as D. pini. Based on ITS sequences, the studied isolates represent the haplotypes Dp_HAP.1, Dp_HAP.2. Both mating types were detected but at different localities. Our results suggest that in addition to D. septosporum, D. pini may contribute to DNB also in Slovakia.     

青藏高原黄金菇营养成份分析与评价

为了对我国青藏高原黄金菇的食用、营养、药用价值和安全状况作出科学评价,以为黄金菇资源的开发利用提供科研基础数据,采用国标法,对黄金菇子实体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、可溶性糖等主要营养成份、矿物质、氨基酸组成与含量、维生素、活性成分多糖以及重金属元素等含量进行测定,并与同步检测的香菇和双孢蘑菇含量进行比较分析。结果表明,与香菇和双孢蘑菇相比,黄金菇具有高含量的粗蛋白、氨基酸和矿物质,同时还含有很高的维生素B1、B2,维生素C和维生素E。此外,黄金菇的粗多糖含量略高于香菇,但低于双孢蘑菇。黄金菇4种重金属铅、镉、砷和汞的含量均远远高于香菇和双孢蘑菇,其中铅和砷含量尚在国标规定的食品安全标准范围之内,而镉和汞含量均超过了国标规定的食品安全标准。黄金菇是一种极具开发利用前景的珍稀菌根食用菌,但重金属元素超标尤其值得重视。     

三北地区农田防护林资源现状分析与对策

三北地区农田防护林建设对保障粮食增产、增加森林资源、提高木材供给能力、推动区域经济发展和农民增收发挥了重要的作用。三北地区农田防护林的建设发展还存在很多不足,如建设任务还很大、林龄老化、更新改造滞后等,在完善生态防护功能,提高资源培育功能上还有很大的潜力和空间,统筹农田防护林建设、更新、改造的任务还非常繁重。本文提出了促进三北地区农田防护林体系建设又好又快发展一系列的对策。     

阿拉善高原实施飞播和封育后植被恢复效果

沙区的生态建设是阿拉善地区当前及今后林业建设的重点。在对历年来飞播和封育成效的实地调查基础上,分析了现有各生活型植被植物数量和总生物量,结果表明：飞播和封育是阿拉善高原沙区迅速增加植被生物量的有效手段。     

参与式方法在退耕还林工程中的应用及相关政策研究--川中丘陵区典型案例分析

本文针对川中盆地丘陵区林业生态建设特点与存在问题,选择盐亭县作为典型,应用参与式理论与调研方法,进行案例分析,表明在退耕还林工程实施过程中,结合科研项目,采用参与式规划设计是一种有效的工作方法;同时,对退耕还林的相关政策问题进行了探讨.