邢台山区野生酸枣叶成分测定及开发利用

以野生酸枣嫩叶为试材,测定了酸枣叶中锌、铁、镁、锰、钾、钠、钙及总黄酮含量。比较分析了酸枣叶与茶叶、银杏叶的营养保健价值功效;并对酸枣叶开发利用的市场前景、存在的问题及对策进行了阐述。     

白菜与甜菜间作的生长与资源利用效果

通过设置不同的白菜与甜菜间作密度,监测了复合群体的叶面积指数、漏光率以及各作物产量,研究复合群体的生长动态,光资源分布以及产量产值效应。结果表明:在间作群体中,白菜依其速生优势而表现偏利效应,间作甜菜前期受白菜遮蔽胁迫,其生育期叶面积指数始终低于单作;白菜收获后甜菜通过叶层自动空间散布提高光能截获率,促进了后期光合补偿性生产;白菜2行∶甜菜1行间作(BT1)处理,白菜的实际产量比"预期"产量极显著增高26.7个百分点,甜菜比"预期"产量增高34.0个百分点;白菜2行∶甜菜2行间作(BT2)处理,白菜、甜菜的实际产量比"预期"产量分别极显著增高59.3、53.0个百分点;BT1、BT2间作群体较白菜单作经济效益分别提高10.2、23.7个百分点,较甜菜单作经济效益分别提高91.5、115.1个百分点。分析表明,间作种植显著提高了地气资源的利用效率,BT1间作LER为1.29;BT2间作LER高达1.56。     

铅对油麦菜和四季菜心幼苗生长的影响

为了解铅对油麦菜和四季菜心生长的影响,通过无土栽培的方法,用不同浓度的硝酸铅溶液对2种植物的幼苗进行了胁迫处理,分析不同浓度铅处理对植物生长的影响。结果表明:铅处理不同程度的影响了2种植物的生长,降低了其生长速度。但是,除茎叶鲜重和干重外,各指标仍呈现增加趋势。在相同处理时间内,高浓度的铅处理使油麦菜叶片数、叶面积、株高和茎叶鲜重、干重指标明显下降,根系鲜重、干重则呈增加趋势。在高浓度铅处理下,四季菜心的各项指标呈现降低趋势。在0.005mg/L的铅处理时,四季菜心各项指标略好于对照,油麦菜各项指标则略有降低;表明在低浓度下油麦菜对铅更敏感。在0.015mg/L处理时,油麦菜和四季菜心各项生长指标均明显降低,四季菜心降低的更多;在0.045mg/L铅高浓度处理下,油麦菜和四季菜心各项指标变化最大,生长受到明显抑制;高浓度铅对四季菜心的生长影响更大。     

1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂防治苹果斑点落叶病田间药效试验报告

为验证1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂对苹果斑点落叶病的防治效果及合理施用剂量和安全性,为生产上大面积推广提供科学依据,特进行此试验。     

Variation in Leaf Shapes of Nitraria Species and Effect on Leaf δ13C

Leaf shapes are not only the useful indicators in plant taxonomy,but also the important factors affecting energy and material exchange in leaves.In this paper,we collected and scanned the leaves of Nitraria tangutorum in Dengkou of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region（the mean annual precipitation 145 mm） and Minqin of Gansu Province （the mean annual precipitation 115 mm） and N. sphaerocarpa in Dunhuang,and then analyzed leaf shape parameters with Image - Pro Plus6.0 image processing software and leafδ¹³C values in the isotope laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Forestry.The result showed that:1) as leaf area increased with increasing water availability the increases in the leaf length and width were asynchronously;2) with the same leaf width,the 1 eaves of N.tangutorum and N.sphaerocarpa were significantly longer in high water available conditions;and 3) although there were significantly differences in water availability between Dengkou and Minqin,as well as between the bottom and middle of the alluvial fan near the East Lake in Dunhuang,the leafδ¹³C values of N.tangutorum or N.sphaerocarpa were similar in different water conditions（P>0.05）.Our results suggested that the ratio of leaf perimeter to area would be an important factor which linked leaf shape to plant water physiology.During growing procedure of leaf area,leaf length increase was prior to its width to alleviate the reduction in ratio of perimeter to area and maintain water use efficiency of the plant.     

Review on Leaf Water Use Efficiency of Major Trees Species in Arid and Semi-Arid Area

The tree specie selection is the critical part in the process of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in arid and semi-arid areas.As a reliable indicator of drought resistance and water use characteristics of tree species,water use efficiency（WUE） has become a hotspot in the research on tree specie selection.This paper introduced the concept and correspondingly research method of leaf WUE and summarized the research progress of leaf WUE in terms of the variation in leaf WUE between species,positions in the canopy,and characteristics of temporal and spatial variation,its influence on environmental factors like illumination,moisture,temperature, CO₂ and O₃ concentrations.Furthermore,it put forward the problems currently existing in the research and prospected the trend of future research on leaf WUE.     

8种柑橘类植物对柑橘碎叶病毒分子组成的影响

探究不同柑橘类型对柑橘碎叶病毒(Citrus tatter leaf virus,CTLV)变异的影响,为研究寄主-CTLV的互作关系提供基础。将CTLV分离株HH和XLB分别嫁接接种于8种柑橘类植物,对CTLV分离株和获得的亚分离株样品进行CP基因的限制性长度多态性(RFLP)和单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析,以及序列比较。结果表明HH和XLB与其各自在不同柑橘植株上的亚分离株的CP/Hinf I RFLP酶切图谱无明显差异;混合侵染的CTLV分离株HH和其亚分离株之间的SSCP谱型存在差异,株系构成单一的CTLV分离株XLB与其亚分离株间的SSCP谱型差异不明显。通过序列分析进一步证实CTLV在不同寄主上其CP基因有几个核苷酸位点发生了变异。CTLV可能受寄主植物的影响发生了变异。     

马棘的γ辐照效应与彩叶突变选育

用0~450Gy 8种剂量60Co γ射线辐照马棘干种子,研究表明：150Gy以下低剂量辐照对种子具有刺激效应,350Gy以上的高剂量具有显著的抑制作用,200～450Gy之间时,剂量与出苗率、成苗率和苗高显著相关,综合考虑苗高和成苗率,初步认为马棘种子辐照以300Gy为佳。经300Gy辐照诱变2代出现黄色、白色、虎斑、紫色等4大类型的10种叶色变异,尤以黄色突变谱最丰富。并对比分析了黄色、紫色和银白3种叶色突变体材料的物候期、成枝量、分枝长度、主干花序数、结荚果数、成熟种子数、耐逆性与适应性等特征特性。     

土壤干旱对刺槐幼苗水分生理的影响

对不同土壤干旱条件下刺槐幼苗水分生理和生长指标进行了初步研究。结果表明:蒸腾速率、叶水势、叶片相对含水率、耗水量和耗水系数均随土壤水分的减少而呈降低趋势。同时,对试验中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

植物水分利用效率的影响因子研究综述

在概述植物水分利用效率(WUE)及其层次和测定、计算方法的基础上,介绍了影响植物WUE的内部因素(包括植物种类和品种、叶片解剖结构及生理生化特征等)和外部因素(包括气象、土壤、生物因素等),以及各自的作用机理,尤其是对气孔不均匀关闭、影响Δ13C在田间条件下表现较差的原因、冠层和叶边界层对植物WUE产生的效应及其作用原理进行了探讨,并提出了今后植物WUE研究的重点和方向。