关于土特产文化挖掘与传承的思考——以浙江省永康市为例

通过分析永康土特产文化的特点和现状,提出土特产文化挖掘与传承的主线。针对土特产文化的保护性传承和开放性传承,提出了相应的对策,并对土特产文化品牌的建设提出一些建议。     

不同肥料与芸苔素内酯处理对5年生油茶光合和品质的影响

为了探索不同肥料和不同质量浓度芸苔素内酯（BRs）在油茶Camellia oleifera优良无性系上的运用最佳效果,选择5年生‘长林4号’‘长林18号’和‘长林166号’优良无性系油茶品种,采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计,对它们分别施生物有机肥、油茶专用肥及复合肥和叶面喷施0.067,0.033和0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯,然后测定各处理油茶叶片日光合速率和油茶茶果的各项指标,并对测得数据进行相应的分析和总结。结果表明：①净光合速率最高处理是‘长林166号’品系,施复合肥和喷施0.067 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;②百粒质量最大处理是‘长林18号’品系,施有机肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;③出籽率最高处理是‘长林18号’品系,施有机肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;④出仁率最高处理是‘长林166号’品系,施专用肥和喷施0.020 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯;⑤出油率最高处理是长林4号品系,施专用肥和喷施0.033 mg·L^－1芸苔素内酯。表4参12     

感染鸡传染性贫血病毒的雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫后局部体液免疫球蛋白含量变化

本试验对感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）雏鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗免疫及其强毒攻击后，其泪液、气管液、肠液和胆汁的免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量的动态变化进行了检测。结果发现，感染雏鸡泪液的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ和气管液的ＩｇＧ及胆汁的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量均于接种ＮＤ疫苗后７～２８天明显低于未感染ＣＩＡＶ的免疫对照雏鸡；泪液的ＩｇＭ和气管液的ＩｇＡ含量在ＮＤ免疫后１４～２８天明显降低；肠液的ＩｇＡ和ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ含量分别于免疫后７～１４和７、１４天也显著减少。表明ＣＩＡＶ感染雏鸡对ＮＤ疫苗免疫的局部体液免疫应答能力降低。ＮＤ强毒攻击后，ＣＩＡＶ感染ＮＤ免疫雏鸡泪液、气管液、肠液和胆汁的ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ含量及免疫保护率，均明显低于未感染ＣＩＡＶ的免疫对照雏鸡。     

Effects of white clover cultivar and companion grass on winter survival of seedlings in autumn-sown swards

The aim was to study the effects of white clover cultivar and combinations with perennial ryegrass cultivars on seedling establishment in autumn‐sown swards and on winter survival of seedlings. Large‐leaved white clover cv. Alice and small‐leaved white clover cv. Gwenda, and an erect and a prostrate perennial ryegrass cultivar were sown in autumn in pure stands and as four binary grass‐clover mixtures. Mixtures of white clover cv. Huia and Aberherald with perennial ryegrass were also sown. Companion grasses had no significant impact on the establishment of white clover. The number of seedlings of white clover cv. Alice in mixtures (335 m^?2) was higher than cv. Gwenda (183 m^?2) and pure swards had similar white clover population densities as mixed swards. White clover cv. Huia tended to have more seedlings than Aberherald (355 and 205 m^?2 respectively). No stolons were produced prior to a severe winter, because of the late sowing date. Winter survival of clover seedlings was 0·56 in mixtures and 0·69 in pure stands, irrespective of white clover or companion grass cultivar. Stolon development of white clover in autumn is often considered essential for overwintering survival and spring growth. In this study, there was considerable survival of the non‐stoloniferous tap‐rooted seedlings of all four clover cultivars despite a severe winter.     

16个柑桔品种的光合特性

试验研究了 16个柑桔品种的光合速率、光饱和点、光补偿点及光合速率的日变化规律。结果表明 ,供试的 16个柑桔品种的光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点存在差异 ,其大小顺序为 :清见橘橙 >清家脐橙 >红肉脐橙 >丰脐 >姊良 3号脐橙>德尔塔夏橙 >卡特 >大三岛脐橙 >纽荷尔脐橙 >梦脐橙 >白柳脐橙 >红夏橙 >铃木脐橙 >福罗斯特脐橙 >Fallago橘>朋娜脐橙。大三岛脐橙、红夏橙的光饱和点最高 ,红肉脐橙、姊良 3号脐橙、梦脐橙、朋娜脐橙、白柳脐橙、德尔塔夏橙、卡特夏橙、清见橘橙、福罗斯特脐橙次之 ,纽荷尔脐橙、丰脐、铃木脐橙、Fallago橘较低 ;16个柑桔品种光补偿点在 8.4～6 6 .5μmol m- 2 s- 1 之间 ,福罗斯特脐橙的光补偿点最高 ,姊良 3号脐橙、朋娜脐橙、大三岛脐橙、德尔塔夏橙次之 ,其它柑桔品种光补偿点较低。供试柑桔品种在晴天光合速率的日变化均呈双峰曲线 ,中午有明显的“午休”现象。     

Evaluation of three non‐genetically modified soybean cultivars as ingredients and a yeast‐based additive as a supplement in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Two growth trials and a physiology assessment were conducted to evaluate three non‐genetically modified (GM) soybean cultivars as ingredients in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, a commercially available fermented yeast product was evaluated as dietary supplement. For the growth trials (46 and 35 days, respectively, for trials 1 and 2), the basal diet was primarily composed of soybean meal (SBM), fishmeal (FM), whole wheat, corn protein concentrate, poultry meal (PM, pet food grade) and corn starch. Non‐GM cultivars were processed with novel methodologies to produce Navita? ingredients (N1, N2 and N3) which were incorporated at low (L) or high (H) levels into the experimental diets, in partial replacement of FM and full replacement of conventional SBM. The last two formulations incorporated the fermented yeast for a total of nine experimental diets (Table 1 ). Results from the growth trials indicate that shrimp fed diet 5 (HN2) exhibited significantly lower (p < .05) weight gain as compared to shrimp fed diets 1 and 2 (basal and LN1, respectively) in trial 1, as well as compared to animals fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 (basal, LN1, HN1 and basal + yeast) in trial 2. The feed conversion ratio significantly increased for shrimp fed diet 5, in contrast with shrimp fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 in trials 1 and 2, as well as compared to shrimp fed diets diet 6 (LN3) in trial 2. For the physiological assessment (stress and immune responses), only the effects of diets 1, 3, 8 and 9 (basal, HN1, basal + yeast and HN1 + yeast, respectively) were investigated. Granular cell counts were significantly higher for shrimp fed the yeast‐containing diets. Haemolymph glucose and haemolymph packed cell volume were significantly reduced for shrimp fed diets 3, 8 and 9. No significant differences were observed in total haemocyte counts, hyaline cells counts, semi‐granular cells counts, haemolymph protein, haemocyte phagocytic capacity and haemocyte respiratory burst activity. Results of this work indicate that selective soy breeding technology coupled with novel processing options has the potential to increase the nutritional value of conventional SBM for shrimp feeds. Trends on immune responses were more difficult to elucidate possibly due to the limited length of the feeding trial.     

5个苦瓜地方品种染色体核型分析

以5个苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)地方品种的种子为试材,利用去壁低渗火焰干燥法进行染色体核型分析。结果表明:5个苦瓜地方品种均为二倍体(2n=2x=22),其核型公式如下:品种134-2的核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,属1A核型;品种76-4-5的核型公式为2n=2x=22=18m+4sm,属2A核型;品种70-5-2的核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,属1A核型;品种10-3-8的核型公式为2n=2x=22=18m+4sm,属2A核型;品种57-7-2的核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,属2A核型。     

地市级农科所以科技创新推动地方产业发展的实践与思考 ——以江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所为例

文章以江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所为例,总结了其以科技创新推动地方产业发展的实践经验,分析了地市级农科所以科技创新推动地方产业发展存在的问题,如农业科技创新投入强度偏低、科研成果与市场脱节、农业科研与科技推广不能有效衔接等,并从加大对基层科研单位的科研投入力度、发挥市场和政府等多元化主体作用、优化农技推广服务体系、转变传统科技创新思路等方面提出了有针对性的建议,以期推动科技创新与产业发展深度融合。     

我国大麦选育品种核心种质的初步构建

核心种质有效地提高了种质资源的利用效率。试验从1 142份大麦选育品种(系)中筛选出118份种质构建了核心种质库,占总体资源的10.33%。利用χ2测验检测了核心种质与全部种质农艺性状分布频率的一致性,除了芒形、穗和芒色以及粒色有极显著性差异,其他性状均无显著性差异。对两者数量性状的平均值进行了t测验,方差进行了F测验,两者的株高、穗粒数和千粒重3个数量性状均无显著性差异。所构建的大麦选育品种(系)核心种质可以作为全部种质的代表样本。两者变异系数以及Shannon-weaver和Simpson遗传多样性指数的比较表明核心种质的个体间具有更大的变异程度和遗传多样性。     

降水、灌溉和品种对玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

8年田间试验结果表明,玉米产量明显受降水和灌溉的影响。玉米苗期灌溉最为关键,是保证高产的基础。在只灌溉苗水而没有其他灌溉条件下,夏玉米产量与7、8月份降水密切相关,而与生长季节的降水总量关系不明显。除了极干旱年份(季节降雨量小于200 mm)外,随着灌溉量增加,玉米水分利用效率(WUE)降低。玉米最优灌溉制度为:干旱年份,除了苗期的1次灌溉外,在拔节和扬花期分别实施2次灌溉;常年和湿润年份,除了出苗水外,在抽穗到扬花期的8月初实施1次灌溉。3年的田间试验结果表明,当地种植的不同玉米品种之间产量最大相差20%,水分利用效率差异在12%~19%。因此,将适宜的品种与优化的灌溉制度相结合,是提高华北平原夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的有效途径。