外源多胺对油松幼苗生长及抗旱性的影响

采用盆栽PEG处理的方法摸拟干旱条件,研究了干旱条件下外源多胺对油松幼苗生长和抗旱性的影响.结果表明,在正常和干旱条件下,外源多胺均能促进油松幼苗的生长,且干旱条件下的促进效果更为显著.干旱条件下外源多胺能提高光合速率和水分利用效率,促进有机渗透调节物质的积累,维持或提高SOD和CAT活性,降低膜相对透性和MDA含量,防止或降低了膜脂过氧化作用对膜的伤害.这些结果表明干旱条件下外源多胺能恢复或维持植物的正常代谢水平,提高植物的抗旱性.     

尾叶桉 湿地松1～6年生施肥效应研究

尾叶桉、湿地松１～６年生幼林施肥结果表明：１．尾叶桉在缺Ｐ的立地上,施Ｐ肥的效应极其显著。施Ｐ各处理在１～６年生时均显著或极显著地大于对照,其中以施ＮＰＫ全肥最好,６年生的树高、胸径和材积与对照比较,分别增长３５％,６９％,２４３％。而施ＮＫ肥的生长与对照差别不大。湿地松１～２年生的幼林施肥效果不大显著,３～６年生时才达显著差异,其中以施ＮＰＫ全肥的效果最好,６年生的树高、胸径和材积与对照比较仍分别增长１３％,１８％,５２％。２．尾叶桉、湿地松施Ｐ肥的各水平均达显著或极显著差异,施Ｎ、Ｋ肥的只在个别年度有差异。３．偏相关和复相关分析结果表明,尾叶桉施肥肥效主次顺序是Ｐ、Ｎ、Ｋ,湿地松是Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｎ。两树种均在５,６年生时,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ的肥效最高。４．最优施肥配方：尾叶桉１～３年生以施Ｎ３Ｐ３为好,５～６年生以施Ｎ３Ｐ３Ｋ２为佳。湿地松１～２年生不用施肥,或薄施Ｎ肥;３～６年生以施Ｎ１Ｐ３Ｋ１较好。     

加勒比松不同容器与基质育苗试验

试验结果表明，苗木５个月生时苗高生长，舒根型育苗器〉薄膜育苗袋〉硬塑管育苗器，已充分腐熟的木糠和高质量火烧土是两种优良的加勒比松育苗基质，基质的９种配方，１，２配方芽苗上袋成活率很低，６，７配方苗木生长最好。     

晋东南石灰岩山地油松人工林立地类型划分及评价

利用１１８块野外标准地资料，对晋东南石灰岩山地油松人工林进行了立地类型划分及生长评价。经分析坡向、海拔、土层厚度为影响林木生长的主导立地因子，３个主导立地因子共构成２４个组合立地，每个组合立地可视为一个立地类型，用最优分割法将２４个立地类型划分为４个立地类型组。在优势木与平均木树高相关分析的基础上，以椽材林木为标准。对４个立地类型组进行了林木生长评价与预测。     

高分辨率DEM在森林生产力估算中的应用

在广西宁明县以马尾松和桉树为例,对比分析野外实测与利用1∶10 000比例尺DEM推算的地形因子所建不同树种生产力模型的精度,探讨了高分辨率DEM在森林生产力估算中的作用.结果认为:①基于1∶10 000比例尺DEM推算的地形因子可代替实测数据进行森林生产力建模,其精度满足估算要求;②仅利用立地条件不能进行马尾松生产力建模,但却能建立桉树模型.对两树种而言,均是用树龄与立地条件共同建立的模型更优.     

Responses of Pinus massoniana and Pinus taeda to freezing in temperate forests in central China

Abstract

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), a native species widely distributed in temperate forests in central China, and Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), an exotic tree species introduced to China from southeastern United States, are dominant evergreen conifers that play a pivotal role in maintaining forest structure and functions for the region. We examined the effects of freezing on these species with chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage using both field- and laboratory-based experiments in September 2009 and January 2010, respectively. We found that freezing could cause a greater impact on the Loblolly pine than the Masson pine. Although the two species showed similar values of F _v /F _m and electrolyte leakage before freezing, the Masson pine needles showed lower F _v /F _m and higher electrolyte leakage ratios than those of the Loblolly pine when treated in low temperatures (?15 to 0°C). We also found that cold-acclimation was crucial for both species to adapt to low temperatures with the F _v /F _m ratio decreased approximately by 80% in the first freezing hour for the non-acclimated needles of both species while the cold-acclimated needles showed little changes in the F _v /F _m ratio. This finding is also supported by our measurements of electrolyte leakage. These results suggest that the Loblolly pine could be more susceptible to freezing damages than the Masson pine in central China.     

气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响研究

引入典范对应分析方法,研究了气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响。结果表明,不同的气象因子对松材线虫病的影响大小不同,并且在不同的松材线虫病侵染阶段也有差异。年平均风速以及与其相关的年蒸发量和相对湿度是影响定海区松材线虫病发病面积的最主要因素;年平均气温是影响定海区松材线虫病发病密度最主要的因素;冬春季降水过多会导致松材线虫病疫情严重,而6月份降水量越大,松材线虫病疫情越轻;相对湿度也是松材线虫病疫情的一个较重要影响因素,主要表现在3-5月份,与疫情轻重程度呈正相关。     

Growth and yield models for uneven-sized forest stands in Finland

Uneven-sized forestry is gradually gaining popularity and acceptability also in the Nordic countries. This is because of the willingness of the public and some forest owners to avoid clear-fellings and pursue more near-nature forest structures. It has also been realized that the profitability of uneven-sized forestry may be competitive with even-aged forestry. In Finland, management of uneven-sized stands is hampered by the lack of information about the dynamics of such stands, and about the yield and profitability of uneven-sized forestry. This study developed models which allow managers to simulate the growth and yield of uneven-sized stands in Finland, making it possible to predict the yield and analyze the sustainability of different management options. The model set consists of individual-tree diameter increment, height and survival models, and a model for ingrowth. The modeling data consisted of two long-term field experiments of uneven-sized forest management, a set of temporary sample plots measured earlier for growth modeling purposes, and the sample plots of the third National Forest Inventory of Finland. The application area of the models covers all growing sites, all main tree species, and the whole surface area of Finland. According to the models, the sustainable harvest of a fertile (Oxalis-Myrtillus site) uneven-sized Norway spruce forest varies between 5.5 and 7 m³ ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ in Central Finland, depending on the length of the cutting cycle, stand density, and shape of the diameter distribution. It is profitable to harvest large diameter classes more heavily than small ones. Due to the large amount of data the models for diameter increment are highly significant and reliably show the growth level of trees in uneven-sized stands. The weakest models are the ingrowth models, which are based on a clearly smaller data set than the other models.     

Impact of weather variables and season on sporulation of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae

Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae are the causal agents of important needle diseases on Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases, making the development of control strategies challenging. To investigate the seasonality and climatic drivers of sporulation, inoculum traps, consisting of pine fascicles floating on water in plastic containers, were exchanged fortnightly at five sites in P. radiata plantations between February 2012 and December 2014. Sections of needle baits were plated onto selective media and growth of Phytophthora pluvialis and P. kernoviae recorded. To explore the generalizability of these data, they were compared to detection data for both pathogens from the New Zealand Forest Health Database (NZFHDB). Further, equivalent analyses on infection of Rhododendron ponticum by P. kernoviae in Cornwall, UK allowed the comparison of the epidemiology of P. kernoviae across different host systems and environments. In New Zealand, inoculum of P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was detected between January–December and March–November, respectively. Inoculum of both species peaked in abundance in late winter. The probability of detecting P. pluvialis and P. kernoviae was greater at lower temperatures, while the probability of detecting P. pluvialis also increased during periods of wet weather. Similar patterns were observed in NZFHDB data. However, the seasonal pattern of infection by P. kernoviae in the UK was the opposite of that seen for sporulation in New Zealand. Phytophthora kernoviae was likely limited by warmer and drier summers in New Zealand, but by colder winter weather in the UK. These results emphasize the importance of considering both environmental drivers and thresholds in improving our understanding of pathogen epidemiology.     

柳州市三种人工林土壤有机碳储量的空间分布

采用野外调查、取样和实验室分析等方法,对柳州市杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和桉树(Eucalyptus sp.)人工林生态系统的土壤有机碳含量和有机碳储量及其分配进行了研究.结果表明,马尾松、杉木和桉树人工林土壤有机碳含量为3.2～12.6 g/kg,杉木人工林土壤有机碳含量最高,桉树人工林最小.马尾松、杉木和桉树人工林0～20 cm土层的土壤有机碳储量分别为26.25、30.09和17.05 t/hm2,分别占其土壤总有机碳储量的48.56％、44.70％和41.36％,成为土壤有机碳储量的主体,土壤的有机碳含量和有机碳储量均随着土层深度的增加而减少.土壤有机碳储量表现为杉木人工林(67.33 t/hm2)＞马尾松人工林(54.06 t/hm2)＞桉树人工林(41.22 t/hm2);马尾松人工林土壤有机碳储量表现为中龄林＞幼龄林＞过熟林＞成熟林;杉木中龄林的土壤有机碳储量大于成熟林,彼此间差异不显著;三年生的桉树人工林的土壤有机碳储量高于二年生和四年生的;杉木中龄林和成熟林的土壤有机碳储量分别高于马尾松中龄林和成熟林.