Aspects of the Pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline Given to Healthy and Pneumonic East African Dwarf Goats by Intramuscular Injection

Ole-Mapenay, I.M., Mitema, E.S. and Maitho, T.E., 1997. Aspects of the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline given to healthy and pneumonic East African dwarf goats by intramuscular injection. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 453-462The effect of experimentally induced Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline (Doxycen Retard) administered intramuscularly was studied in seven East African dwarf goats. The study was conducted in two consecutive phases, separated by a washout period of four weeks. The experimental infection, induced by intratracheal administration of 5 ml of 107 to 109 cfu/ml of Pasteurella haemolytica, produced a temperature rise, depression and laboured breathing within 6-12 days after inoculation.The concentrations of doxycycline in the serum were determined by a quantitative microbiological assay using an agar-gel diffusion method employing Bacillus cereus var mycoides (ATCC 11778) as the test organism, with a level of detectability of approximately 0.05 µg/ml. The concentration-time curve of doxycycline in the serum after intramuscular injection of 20 mg/kg bodyweight of the long-acting formulation before and after experimental infection was adequately described by a one-compartment open model.The maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) of doxycycline were lower in pneumonic goats than in healthy goats (3.87 ± 0.52 and 5.56 ± 0.213 µg/ml, respectively), suggesting an increased distribution volume in the peripheral compartment. The mean ± SEM absorption rate (ka) before infection (1.13 ± 0.02 h-1) was smaller than that after infection (8.23 ± 3.81 h-1), but the difference was not significant. The apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) (24.51 ± 0.02 h) after infection was significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the corresponding rate constant () was decreased (p < 0.01). The absorption half-life (t1/2) (0.137 ± 0.03 h) was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after infection. The distribution volume (Vd()) was significantly increased after infection (p < 0.05). It is concluded that, although experimental infection had an effect on the disposition kinetics of doxycycline, this was not sufficiently pronounced to require alteration of the dosage during disease.     

肺炎犊牛与肺炎康复犊牛酸碱平衡指标研究

为确定和比较炎犊主肺炎康复后犊牛在一定环境条件下的酸碱平衡参数,笔者在环境监测条件下,对肺炎犊牛和康复犊 因肖ＰＨ值,氧分压、二氧化碳分压、实际碳酸氢盐含量、标准碳酸氢盐含量及剩余碱含量进行了测定。     

固原黄牛养殖现状及常见病症分析和处理措施

固原肉牛产业是宁夏地区肉牛的核心区域,固原黄牛产业是固原地区脱贫攻坚的支柱产业,因此本文对固原地区肉牛养殖的大体情况进行简单介绍,以及根据实地调研对肉牛养殖场种常见的犊牛腹泻和肺炎等疾病进行相关分析并给与防治建议。     

肺炎支原体P1蛋白羧基端基因片段的克隆及原核表达

根据GenBank公布的肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Mp)P1蛋白羧基端序列(AF290001.1),设计合成2对特异性引物,采取套式PCR方法,以肺炎支原体培养物中提取的DNA为模板,扩增肺炎支原体P1蛋白羧基端基因序列,将其克隆至pET32a表达载体,构建重组质粒pET32a/P1(3 802～4 695),转化大肠埃希菌BL21-gold,测序验证后IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE表明重组蛋白表观分子质量与预期一致,可溶性表达产物经Western blot证实重组蛋白具有免疫反应性。     

Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Minks

In order to provide therapeutical guidance for drug admistration,the bacteria from five dead minks suffering with typical symptoms provided by mink farms in Shandong province were isolated and identified,and the drug sensitivity was tested.The bacteria were isolated with TSA plates,and identified using biochemical methods and PCR assay.The drug sensitivity of the isolates to antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method.PCR was used to detect the resistance genes.A total of 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from sick minks.The drug sensitivity results showed that 5 strains were sensitive to fluoroquinolone,the third and fourth generations cephalosporin drugs,but were resistant to aminoglycoside,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,penicillin,the first and second generations cephalosporin drugs.There were six resistance genes were detected,aadA1,aac(3')-Ⅱc,aac(6')-Ⅰb,tetA,tetK and cat2.All of the isolates were detected more than three kinds of resistance genes.The result showed that 5 strains were all Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the main cause of mink hemorrhagic pneumonia.The resistance of 5 strains were very serious and mainly for multiple drug resistance phenomenon.The resistance genes detected in the mink were various,and could cause the resistance to the drugs.     

黄牛吸入性异物肺炎的诊治

黄牛吸入性异物肺炎,是因吸入尘埃、饲草和刺激性气体或灌药误入气管所致的以剧烈咳嗽为特征的肺部疾病。论文通过对一起群发本病的重危病例临床诊治,认为抓住最佳治疗时机与实施合理的治疗方案,对于避免急性死亡、控制病情恶化和实现康复颇有意义。     

Pathogenicity for chickens of a paramyxovirus type 1, isolated from racing pigeons in Sweden

Strains of paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) have been isolated from diseased racing pigeons in Sweden. One of these isolates was selected for studies of the pathogenicity and contagiousness in chickens.The same isolate was previously found to have a high intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in 6 weeks old chickens.In three experiments it was found that the PMV-1 isolate was very pathogenic for 1 week old chickens but not pathogenic for 120 day old pullets inoculated intranasally and ocularly.Symptoms in the young chickens were similar to those seen in the neurotropic form of Newcastle disease. The mortality was high and the incubation period 5–11 days.The disease easily spread to young chickens kept in contact with diseased birds.The microscopic examination revealed an interstitial nonpurulent pneumonia and a nonpurulent encephalitis in the young chickens. In the pullets the only finding was a mild encephalitis.PMV-1 was recovered from all young chickens but not from the pullets.Both the chickens and the inoculated pullets developed antibodies to PMV-1.     

Oscillatory measurements,blood gas analysis and clinical observations after intravenous clenbuterol administration in healthy and acutely pneumonic calves

The effects of clenbuterol (Ventipulmin, Boehringer Ingelheim) on respiratory functions were investigated in 6 calves aged 4–6 weeks prior to and after experimental infection withPasteurella haemolytica A1. On days 1–3 (prior to infection) and on days 7–9 (after infection), blood gas analysis, monofrequency forced oscillation techniques and clinical examinations (heart rate, respiratory rate) were conducted for 135 min after the intravenous administration of clenbuterol (0.8 µg/kg body weight). In healthy calves prior toPasteurella infection, intravenous administration of clenbuterol induced a mild tachycardia and a reduction in the mean oscillatory respiratory resistance. Using the same dose of clenbuterol in diseased calves after infection, the statistically significant reduction in oscillatory respiratory resistance was more impressive and it was accompanied by a significant increase in the oxygen pressure of the arterialized blood. Heart rate and respiratory rate did not change significantly after the administration of clenbuterol in infected calves.Abbreviations HR heart rate - IV intravenous - MFOT monofrequency forced oscillation technique - PaO₂ arterial oxygen pressure - R_os oscillatory resistance - RR respiratory rate