Isolation,Identification and Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Minks

In order to provide therapeutical guidance for drug admistration,the bacteria from five dead minks suffering with typical symptoms provided by mink farms in Shandong province were isolated and identified,and the drug sensitivity was tested.The bacteria were isolated with TSA plates,and identified using biochemical methods and PCR assay.The drug sensitivity of the isolates to antimicrobial agents was investigated using K-B method.PCR was used to detect the resistance genes.A total of 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from sick minks.The drug sensitivity results showed that 5 strains were sensitive to fluoroquinolone,the third and fourth generations cephalosporin drugs,but were resistant to aminoglycoside,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,penicillin,the first and second generations cephalosporin drugs.There were six resistance genes were detected,aadA1,aac(3')-Ⅱc,aac(6')-Ⅰb,tetA,tetK and cat2.All of the isolates were detected more than three kinds of resistance genes.The result showed that 5 strains were all Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the main cause of mink hemorrhagic pneumonia.The resistance of 5 strains were very serious and mainly for multiple drug resistance phenomenon.The resistance genes detected in the mink were various,and could cause the resistance to the drugs.     

犊牛肺炎的过去、现在和未来

时下正值新冠肺炎疫情在全球肆虐时期,同样作为呼吸系统疾病的犊牛肺炎,也长期困扰着牧场生产,造成难以预估的经济损失。经过几十年的不断探索和研究,国内外牧场针对犊牛肺炎的认知及防治均取得长足发展,但当前仍面临尚待解决的诸多问题与不足。因此,本文主要从兽医视角,就犊牛肺炎的发展历史、现状及未来可能的发展方向做简要概述,以供参考。     

黄牛吸入性异物肺炎的诊治

黄牛吸入性异物肺炎,是因吸入尘埃、饲草和刺激性气体或灌药误入气管所致的以剧烈咳嗽为特征的肺部疾病。论文通过对一起群发本病的重危病例临床诊治,认为抓住最佳治疗时机与实施合理的治疗方案,对于避免急性死亡、控制病情恶化和实现康复颇有意义。     

氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂对人工感染猪胸膜肺炎的临床疗效试验

为了探讨氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的临床治疗效果,确定用药方案,本试验建立体重为15kg±1.5kg的杜×长×大三元杂交商品猪胸膜肺炎人工感染病理模型。以氟苯尼考注射液为对照组,采用氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高(40mg/kg)、中(20mg/kg)和低(10mg/kg)剂量组进行临床治疗与观察。结果表明,氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高、中试验组治愈率均为100%,显著高于低剂量组和药物对照组(P<0.05)。因此,临床治疗推荐采用中(20mg/kg)剂量组,3d1次,连用2次的给药方案。     

Fungal pneumonia in a captive black rhinoceros

A captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) with a hoof abscess was treated with long-term antibiotic therapy. After 9 months of treatment, there was rapid deterioration, marked weight loss and reluctance to stand. Profuse, bilateral epistaxis developed accompanied by collapse and the animal was euthanased. Necropsy revealed pulmonary aspergillosis with concurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Though a well-recognized disease of black rhinoceros, fungal pneumonia has not been reported in this species in Australia. The cost and efficacy of treatment have been questioned, however, prophylactic antifungal drug administration will be considered in any further cases of chronic, debilitating illness in black rhinoceros at Western Plains Zoo.     

The Effect of Providing Feed Supplementation and Anthelmintic to Donkeys during Late Pregnancy and Lactation on Live Weight and Survival of Dams and Their Foals in Central Ethiopia

Anthelmintic treatment (A), feed supplementation (F), anthelmintic and feed supplementation (A + F) or traditional management (Control) was given to 166 pregnant female donkeys in three localities (Holetta, Debre Zeit and Adami Tulu) in Ethiopia during an on-farm study. Treatments started during the last trimester of pregnancy and continued until 6 months after parturition when the foals were weaned. The same treatments were administered to foals once they reached 1 month of age. Live weights of adults and foals were measured throughout the study along with work output of adult donkeys and survival to weaning of the foals. Faecal worm egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volumes (PCV) were recorded monthly. When applied alone, anthelmintic treatment (A) or feed supplementation (F) had no significant effect on live weight gain or foal survival. However, when combined, anthelmintic and feed supplementation (A + F) significantly (p < 0.05) improved both live weight gain in adults and foals and foal survival. Workout was not affected by any of the treatments. Treatments A and A+F resulted in a highly significant (p<0.001) reduction in FEC in all three localities during the course of study and for at least 6 months after the last dose of anthelmintic in one of the study areas (Holetta). None of the treatments had any significant effect on PCV. Donkey owners in Ethiopia should be encouraged to adopt both anthelmintic treatment and feed supplementation if they expect tangible benefits in animal performance.     

Diversity of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi Serotypes from Apparently Healthy Sheep and Abattoir Specimens in the Highlands of Wollo,North East Ethiopia

The prevalence and serotypic diversity of Mannheimia [Pasteurella] haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi from nasal swabs, sera and abattoir specimens from sheep in the highlands of Wollo, North East Ethiopia was investigated. Prevalence rates of 83% and 75% of these microorganisms were found in the serum samples and nasal swabs, respectively, from apparently healthy sheep. In a local abattoir, 205 lungs were investigated, 34% of which showed pneumonia, from which samples were collected from 51 lungs and the same number of corresponding tonsils. Mannheimia and Pasteurella species were isolated from 59% of these pneumonic lungs and 69% of the respective tonsils. M. haemolytica serotypes accounted for 41 (59%) and P. trehalosi for 11 (32%) of the isolates from the abattoir specimens. The majority (67%) of isolates from nasal swabs were P. trehalosi, M. haemolytica being isolated f rom 4 (13%) of the swabs. M. glucosida was isolated only from the tonsils. The predominant serotypes of the isolates from both the nasal swabs and the abattoir specimens were M. haemolytica A1 (17%) and P. trehalosi T4 (16%) and T3 (13%). P. trehalosi T15 was less commonly encountered, while M. haemolytica A9 and A13 were not isolated. Studies on sera from 100 sheep indicated that antibodies against M. haemolytica serotype A1 (14%) were most common, followed by A5 and A8 (each 10%) and A9 and P. trehalosi T3 (each 9%) and T4 (8%). Antibodies against M. glucosida or serotype A11 occurred in 2% of the sera. Multiple serotypes were common in all types of samples. The importance of including in vaccines the most prevalent serotypes involved in the pneumonia of sheep in the area is discussed.     

Paecilomycosis in dogs and horses and a review of the literature

We reviewed 14 cases of paecilomycosis in a tertiary care veterinary hospital and all reports of the disease in the veterinary literature. Paecilomycosis is a rare disease primarily of dogs, horses, reptiles, and humans. Clinical manifestations in veterinary patients vary but include disseminated disease and diskospondylitis, particularly in dogs: pneumonia in dogs, horses, and reptiles; keratitis in horses; and miscellaneous local infections. It is important to have an appropriate index of suspicion because the diagnosis can be difficult, particularly in localized disease where it is difficult to determine whether a positive culture represents an etiology or a contamination with an environmental saprophyte. Spinal radiographs, transtracheal washes, histopathology, and fungal culture have proven to be valuable diagnostic tools. The prognosis for paecilomycosis is poor, although some treatment success has been reported, and success rates could improve if additional information were available regarding fungal species occurring in veterinary patients and drugs to which these fungi are susceptible.