Evaluating breeding objectives for sow productivity and production traits in Large White Pigs

the objective of the study was to develop and evaluate different breeding objectives for sow productivity and for production traits, using economic selection indices. Genetic parameters were generated using a repeated records model for sow productivity traits and a maternal effects model for production traits, in ASREML. Stochastic simulation models based on a hypothetical 100-sow model were performed for each line, i.e., a dam line and a terminal sire line, respectively, to derive economic values. The traits included in the study were number born alive (NBA), 21-day litter size (D21LS), 21-day litter weight (D21LWT), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), age at slaughter (AGES), dressing percentage (DRESS), lean content (LEAN) and backfat thickness (BFAT). The economic values for LEAN and BFAT were derived using the partial differentiation of the profit function, while those for the other traits were derived using the partial budget approach. An economic value of a trait was the change in profit per unit genetic change in that trait. Breeding objectives were developed with a corresponding selection index, for improvement of that objective. Three combinations of breeding objectives and selection indices were developed for sow productivity traits, while there were 15 combinations for production traits. Responses to selection and economic return were computed for each combination to determine the most appropriate combination for the improvement of the breeding objective traits. The most appropriate index to improve sow productivity consisted of NBA and D21LWT. For production traits, the combination that consisted of a selection index with AGES, DRESS and BFAT, and the breeding objective ADG, DRESS, FCR and LEAN, was considered the most appropriate. Age at slaughter and BFAT were, respectively, included as indicator traits for ADG and LEAN. The recommended breeding objectives were sensitive to changes in economic values, indicating that economic values for breeding goal traits should be updated periodically to ensure proper weighting of traits, hence maximization of economic return.     

百例牛剖腹产手术的经验及技术探讨

难产是牛常见的产科病之一，奶牛发病明显高于黄牛。难产发生以后，经过各种办法难以从阴道产出犊牛，就应果断的，不失时机的施行剖腹产手术，从而有效的救治牛只。如能慎重果断的选择病例，早期进行手术，加上熟练的技术，成功率是很高的。     

蜂子比值与采蜜量相关性的研究

“浙农大1号”意蜂66群 ,通过刺槐花期和荆条花期的5次重复试验 ,研究蜂子比值与单位蜜蜂采蜜量的关系。5次重复试验结果均表明两者之间存在显著的正相关 ,其相关系数分别为0.6207 (n=16)、0.6887 (n=11)、0.5074 (n=27)、0.7628 (n=17)、0.5920 (n=17) ,且这5个相关系数之间不存在显著差异 ,表明这些试验蜂群来自相同相关程度的总体。把5次重复试验的数据进行综合 ,得到蜂子比值与单位蜜蜂采蜜量之间的相关系数r=0.3737 (n=88) ,回归方程为y=1.4262 3.2805x (0.3相似文献   

西南贫困山区草业开发的扶贫效益探析

通过对中国西南扶贫世界银行贷款项目不同项目农户投入来源及构成的调查分析,表明草地畜牧业收入是农户家庭经营收入的主要来源之一,大力开发山区草业,发展草食家畜,是贫困农户增加收入,脱贫致富的重要途径。     

青海细毛羊断奶羔羊体内钠,钾及血清总脂含量的检测

对湖东种羊场２０只青海细毛羊断奶羔羊体内钠、钾及血清总脂的检测结果表明：血清钠、钾和唾液钠、钾分别为１３５．３０±１４．１７、４．５９±０．８４、１３３．４５±２５．９３、２８．２５±５．１２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,唾液钠、钾比为４．７２∶１,血清总脂４．２４±０．８６ｇ／Ｌ。     

长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化参数及组织中糖代谢相关基因表达的影响

为了研究长期饲喂高精料日粮对泌乳期山羊血液生化指标和糖代谢的影响,选择8只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康经产泌乳中期山羊,分别饲喂精粗比为40∶60 (low concentrate, LC,n=4) 和60∶40 (high concentrate, HC,n=4)的日粮。实验期共8周,实验期间采集瘤胃液,血液;实验结束时采集肝脏,肌肉,脂肪组织置于液氮速冻后于-70℃保存待测。结果显示,饲喂高精料日粮2周后山羊瘤胃液pH显著降低,采食后瘤胃液pH持续低于5.8超过3 h,8周后瘤胃液pH升高维持在6.0以上,但仍低于LC组山羊。与LC组山羊相比较,HC组山羊血液中葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸含量均升高(P<0.05,P=0.071),谷草转氨酶含量有上升的趋势(0.05相似文献   

不同粗饲料品质（GI）与不同精料给量水平对奶牛生产性能影响的研究

为了完善二代GI技术标准体系,建立以粗饲料GI和产奶水平为参数的预测奶牛日粮科学精饲料给量模型。试验选取36头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,根据产奶量、泌乳天数、胎次相近的原则,随机分成3个大组,每个大组又分为3个小组,每个小组含4头奶牛。第1大组的粗饲料为黄贮,精、粗饲料比分别为55：45、57．5：42．5、60：40．标记为A1、A2、A3;第2大组为黄贮加羊草,精、粗饲料比分别为55：45、57．5：42．5、60：40,标记为B1、B2、B3;第3大组为全株玉米青贮加羊草,精、粗饲料比分别为55：45、57．5：42．5、60：40,标记为C1、C2、C3。研究不同粗饲料水平以及不同精料给量下,对泌乳奶牛生产性能的影响。结果表明,随着精料比例的增加,乳蛋白、乳糖和产奶量呈上升趋势．而乳脂呈下降趋势;精、粗饲料比对产奶量有显著影响（P〈0．05）,对乳成分有一定的影响（P〉0．05）;随着粗饲料品质（GI）的提高,乳脂和产奶量呈上升趋势,乳蛋白和乳糖呈下降趋势,但是对乳脂、乳蛋白和乳糖的影响不显著（P〉0．05）,对产奶量的影响显著（P〈0．05）。     

论素质教育的特征及实施

经济发展、社会进步、科技发达要依赖劳动者素质的提高，劳动者素质的提高要依赖素质教育，素质教育是全面提高公民思想道德、文化素养、身心素质等方面发展水平的教育。文中论述了素质教育的含义、结构、特征与实施方法。同时比较分析了素质教育与应试教育的区别，进一步明确了素质教育的特点和宗旨。     

日粮精粗比对活体外瘤胃发酵和烟酸、烟酰胺合成的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对活体外瘤胃发酵和烟酸、烟酰胺合成的影响。以4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦阉公牛作为瘤胃液供体,选用淀粉、微晶纤维素、酪蛋白3种成分配制成相同粗蛋白质水平(13.5%,DM)和不同精粗比(30:70、50:50、70:30,DM)的3种纯合日粮作为发酵底物。应用人工瘤胃体外产气量法进行培养发酵并测定产气量、挥发酸及发酵液中烟酸、烟酰胺含量的变化。结果表明,提高日粮精粗比可极显著降低发酵液pH、乙酸/丙酸摩尔比、乙酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01),显著降低氨态氮浓度(L,P<0.05),但却极显著增加72 h产气量、总挥发酸浓度、丙酸和丁酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01)。随日粮精粗比的提高,瘤胃发酵液中总烟酸(烟酸+烟酰胺)、烟酰胺浓度在24和48 h均呈线性增加(L,0.050.10)。由此得出,日粮精粗比可改变活体外瘤胃发酵模式和影响瘤胃微生物合成总烟酸和烟酰胺,且随日粮精粗比的上升,瘤胃合成总烟酸、烟酰胺的数量呈线性增加趋势。     

新疆退牧还草工程建设与管理的探讨

草地是发展畜牧业的重要基础,退牧还草工程是恢复、更新天然草地和保护生态环境的重要手段。本文就新疆实施退牧还草工程中所出现的一些问题进行了探讨。