我国自然保护区管理浅析

介绍了我国自然保护区建设发展历程,阐述了自然保护区的管理现状,分析了我国自然保护区管理存在的主要问题。     

Nest site selection of white-naped crane （Grus vipio） at Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang, China

White-naped crane （Grus vipio） is a globally threatened spe- cies. It is very important to analyze its nest site selection in circum- stances where there are multiple disturbances, and also helpful to accu- mulate valuable information about this threatened species and supply scientific suggestions for conservation and management. We studied nest site selection and the effects of environmental variables on nesting habits of white-naped crane at Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Qiqihar City, Heilongiiang, China, during March-May of 2002-2008. White-naped crane responded and adapted to changes in the quality of the spatial environments of landscape and microhabitat under multiple environ- mental disturbances. Nest site selection included two scales and two choices, namely the choice of nest site habitat type within the macro-habitat scale and nest site micro-habitat selection within the mi- cro-habitat scale. Nest sites were recorded only in reed marshes. The choice of nest site micro-habitat included three basic elements and six factors, namely incubation element （nest parameters factor, incubation temperature factor and incubation humidity factor）, safety element （pro- tection factor and concealment factor）, and food element （water factor）. Water, remnant reed clusters, and fire were major resource management challenges during the breeding period for the white-naped crane in this Reserve.     

广西古龙山自然保护区两栖动物调查及多样性分析

2006年4~5月对广西古龙山自然保护区的两栖动物进行了调查并对两栖动物的区系及多样性进行了分析,结果表明:该保护区两栖动物有23种,隶属15属6科1目。其Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.889,均匀度指数为0.921;并提出保护管理建议。     

计划烧除对西双版纳保护区思茅松林的影响

对西双版纳自然保护区内思茅松林进行计划烧除的影响情况监测。分析认为,计划烧除对思茅松林的乔木层树种不会产生明显影响,影响较大的是灌木层和草本层植物。在计划烧除过程中,灌木层和草本层植物大部分被烧死,但草本植物在烧除后3个月内已大部分重新萌发,1a后基本达到了烧除前的水平,6个月后灌木树种已基本从死亡植株的基部重新萌发出新的植株。计划烧除对思茅松林不会造成长期的影响,同时由于烧除后郁闭度减小,有利于林下植物的生长和外部植物的进入,可适当增加物种多样性,但丛生的植株对植物的生长有一定的影响。     

南京市森林特点与环市自然保护区网的建设

在分析研究了南京市的自然环境、植物区系与森林类型特点的基础上提出了建设南京市环市森林公园型自然保护区网的建议，讨论了各保护区的保护内容、保护价值与建设构想。     

Are health benefits of physical activity in natural environments used in primary care by general practitioners in The Netherlands?

There is a growing body of literature showing that physical activity and nature have a positive effect on people's health and well-being. Additionally literature indicates that there may even be a synergic benefit from being physically active whilst simultaneously being directly exposed to nature. This insight is used in recovery programmes for work related stress and mental health care settings. However, as primary care is usually people's first point of contact with the health care system, the greatest benefits for people's health can probably be obtained in primary health care settings. The aim of the present study is therefore to investigate to what extent general practitioners advise patients on physical activity and whether they refer to the additional health benefits of physical activity in a natural environment.

A secondary analysis was performed on a random sample of 2784 video-taped patient consultations of 100 general practitioners in The Netherlands. Many characteristics of these consultations were known on the basis of earlier analyses: diagnosis, age and sex of patient and whether or not the issue of physical activity had been brought up by either patient or doctor. First, we investigated to what extent and with which health problems advice was given concerning physical activity. Second, from these consultations, a stratified sample of 100 consultations was observed in order to investigate whether an advice was given by the general practitioner concerning the additional benefits of nature. In 26% of all consultations advice on physical activity was given by the general practitioner. Physical activity was mentioned more often in cases of vague complaints than in cases with a clear cut diagnosis. As could have been expected, physical activity was mentioned relatively frequently in cases of musculoskeletal complaints and complaints of the nervous system. The additional benefits of physical activity in natural environments was not mentioned during any of the consultations.

In conclusion, general practitioners regularly give advice on physical activity. However, they fail to mention that physical activity in nature areas might have additional health benefits. Given the fact that medical treatment is increasingly evidence based, we think the evidence for the health benefits of physical activity in nature needs to be stronger. Results from such research could eventually find their way into the guidelines of the general practitioners.     

祁连山自然保护区康乐自然保护站野生动物调查与研究

为进一步查清祁连山自然保护区康乐自然保护站辖区内野生动物资源现状,全面、准确地掌握野生动物资源的动态变化,分析变化的原因,提出保护管理与合理利用对策,更好地贯彻执行《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》及《中华人民共和国陆生野生动物保护实施条例》,进行了为期2a的针对康乐保护站辖区内国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级和省级重点保护野生动物的全面调查,并针对辖区环境情况,分析研究影响动物活动的因素,提出整改措施。     

邵武将石省级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护利用

初步统计,邵武将石省级自然保护区共有兰科植物34属64种(铁皮石斛及落叶兰为福建新记录种)。区内兰科植物生活类型多样,区系成分比较复杂,各种地理成分相互交错,渗透现象明显,以热带成分22属(含38种、占总属数64.7%)占优势,温带成分10属(含19种、占总属数29.4%)影响较大。调查发现,区内兰科植物花期重叠与交替现象明显,并存在种下异变。针对资源濒临绝迹现状,提出保护利用的对策。     

关于自然保护区原住民补偿问题的调查与思考--基于对黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区的调查

建立健全自然保护区原住民补偿制度,是自然保护区取得社会经济和自然资源保护和谐发展的关键。通过实地走访调查发现,黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区对于原住民补偿面临一些现实难题：补偿标准难以确定,补偿范围难以衡量,补偿资金难以保证,补偿方式相对单一。要解决这些问题,应做到精确补偿范围,并通过健全融资机制、法律法规体制以及建立多样的补偿方式,同时鼓励原住民积极参加到保护区管理工作之中等方法完善补偿机制。就当地原住民的实际情况而言,大力发展旅游业和精细农业,并大力推动劳务输出可以做到补偿其因保护区成立所造成的生计困难。     

Long-term response of living forest biomass to extensive logging in subtropical China

Forest disturbance and recovery are critical ecosystem processes,but the temporal patterns of disturbance have not been studied in subtropical China.Using a tree-ring analysis approach,we studied post-logging above-ground(ABG)biomass recovery dynamics over a 26-year period in four plots with different degrees of logging disturbance.Before logging,the ABG biomass ranged from 291 to 309 t ha-1.Soon after logging,the plots in primary forest,secondary forest,mixed forest and singlespecies forest had lost 33,91,90 and 100%of their initial ABG biomass,respectively.Twenty-six years after logging,the plots had regained 147,62,80 and 92%of their original ABG biomass,respectively.Over the 26 years following logging,the mean CAI(Current annual increment)were 10.1,5.5,6.4 and 10.8 t ha^-1 a^-1 and the average MAI(Mean annual increment)8.7,2.5,5.6 and 7.8 t ha^-1 a^-1 for the four forest types,respectively.The results indicate that subtropical forests subjected to moderate logging or disturbances do not require intensive management and single-species plantings can rapidly restore the above-ground biomass to levels prior to heavy logging.