不同贮藏条件鸡蛋的脂类过氧化作用

本文以ＴＢＡ光度法分析了不同贮藏条件下鸡蛋脂类的过氧化作用,并分析了温度、氧对过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,在贮藏条件下,鸡蛋蛋黄中伴有明显的脂类过氧化过程。脂类过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）的水平随贮藏时间的延长而不断增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但蛋清中的ＬＰＯ在贮藏过程中没有明显的变化。低温和缺氧可明显抑制鸡蛋脂类的过氧化作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

鸡马杜霉素急性中毒及其脂质过氧化关系的研究

本文在实验条件下人工诱发鸡马杜霉素急性中毒，观察中毒症状及病理变化，测定受损靶器官的脂质过氧化物的含量及相关酶的活性，以及肝细胞色素Ｐ－４５０的含量。实验结果表明：鸡马杜霉素急性中毒的主要临床症状是腹泻、腿无力或麻痹；肉眼病变是全身性充血、淤血及少数组织出血；显微镜检病变是肝脏、心肌及腿肌出血与变性；肝脏的脂质过氧化物的含量及过氧化氢酶的活性显著增加；肝Ｐ－４５０的含量显著增加；但是心肌与腿肌的脂     

预氧丝原位炭化无粘结剂C/C复合材料氧化动力学研究

采用恒温热重法测定了在空气中，０．１ＭＰａ，６７３Ｋ到９７３Ｋ下预氧丝（即预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维）原位炭化无粘结剂Ｃ／Ｃ复合的氧化失重率；并利用扫描电镜分析了这种复合材料氧化前后的结构，氧化动力学测定结果表明：该材料在氧化开始时，其氧化速率随时间的增长而增大，然后随时间的延长而减小，并趋向恒定，研究表明：该材料中预氧丝与基体炭界面结合处是空气中氧的扩散通道，杂质为空气中氧的吸附起到了有附活性中心的催化     

改良型氧化沟工艺调试与运行

介绍了娄底市第一污水处理厂一期工程设计概况和采用的改良型氧化沟脱氮除磷工艺,分析了该污水处理厂调试、培菌过程中出现的问题,并针对性地采取了一系列改进措施.在进水远低于设计值的不利条件下,通过合理培菌,不到一个月系统启动成功.监测结果表明:该工艺运行可靠,出水水质稳定、达标.     

动物脂肪代谢激素调控分子机理的研究进展

激素对脂肪代谢调节机理的共同特点是一方面通过自身的受体介导，另一方面又通过干扰其它激素的信号传导通路的某个环节来发挥作用。其作用既可从ＤＮＡ水平 上调节相关基因的表达和ｍＲＮＡ水平上调节转录物的稳定性，也可从蛋白质水平上通过磷酸化来调节酶及相关蛋白质的活性。不同水平的调节作贯穿于整个脂肪代谢及其它物质代谢的相互作用之中，也就构成了脂肪代谢研究的独特性和复杂性，及其与其它代谢研究的不可分割性。     

日粮添加酵母硒对鸡肉线粒体氧化损伤及细胞凋亡的影响

旨在研究日粮中添加酵母硒对白羽肉鸡宰后成熟过程中线粒体氧化损伤及细胞凋亡的影响。以饲喂不同酵母硒添加量日粮肉鸡的胸肉为研究对象,测定宰后成熟过程中鸡肉线粒体氧化损伤程度、抗氧化酶活性、Caspase-3和Caspase-9活性及肉嫩度的变化。结果表明,宰后成熟过程中,酵母硒饲喂组活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平、线粒体膜通透性转换孔（mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP）开放程度、线粒体膜通透性、Caspase-3以及Caspase-9活性均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;硒含量、胞浆细胞色素c （cytochrome c,Cyt-c）还原水平、线粒体膜电位及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。酵母硒饲喂组总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）在宰后成熟初期显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而在其他时间点虽有提高但差异不显著（P>0.05）。此外,酵母硒饲喂组肌原纤维小片化指数（myofibrillar fragmentation index,MFI）在宰后成熟过程中显著低于对照组,相对应的剪切力显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。由此可见,饲喂酵母硒通过降低鸡肉线粒体的氧化损伤进而抑制了细胞凋亡,最终减弱了肌原纤维蛋白的降解。     

Chemopreventive efficacy of lycopene on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis

The chemopreventive efficacy of lycopene on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis was examined using lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) as biomarkers of chemoprevention. Twenty four male Syrian hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals each. The right buccal pouches of the animals in group 1 were painted with a 0.5% solution of DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week. The animals in group 2 were painted with DMBA as in group 1 and in addition received 2.5 mg/kg body weight lycopene orally three times a week on days alternate to DMBA application. Group 3 animals received lycopene as in group 2. Animals in group 4 received neither DMBA nor lycopene and served as control. The hamsters were killed after an experimental period of 14 weeks. Biochemical measurements were carried out in tumour and normal tissues. All hamsters painted with DMBA alone for 14 weeks developed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Diminished lipid peroxidation in the oral tumour tissue was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of GSH, GPx, GST and GR. Administration of lycopene significantly suppressed DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis as revealed by the absence of carcinomas. The results of the present study suggest that lycopene may exert its chemopreventive effects by modulating lipid peroxidation and enhancing the activities of the enzymes in the glutathione redox cycle.     

土壤干旱与柿叶片膜脂及脂质过氧化的关系

在不同灌水条件下,对盆栽柿幼树叶片组织相对含水量,细胞透性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,膜脂脂肪酸组分和脂质过氧化作用产物——丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定,结果表明:当水势Ψ_S下降时,细胞透性(PERM)增大,SOD和CAT活性下降,脂质过氧化作用增强,膜脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,饱和脂肪酸含量升高。试验证明:土壤水势(?)_S=-3.80±0.47bar,各指标变化最明显。本试验条件下,幼柿叶片SOD活性,CAT活性,MDA含量,PERM,不饱和脂肪酸指数(IUFA)与组织相对含水量(RWC)和土壤水势(Ψ_s)间具显著相关关系。     

Determination of nitrobenzene oxidation products by GC and1H-NMR spectroscopy using 5-iodovanillin as a new internal standard

The nitrobenzene oxidation method was modified to obtain more reproducible data and more structural information about lignin, not only by gas chromatography (GC) but also by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy for quantitative determination of the oxidation products and to simplify the procedures. The nitrobenzene oxidation mixture was directly extracted after acidification without preextraction of by-products. The direct extraction made the extractive step easy and gave reproducible data. 5-Iodovanillin was selected as a new internal standard. The reason for this selection was that 5-iodovanillin did not exist in the nitrobenzene oxidation products from any plant species and had an aldehyde group whose peak did not overlap with the other aldehyde peaks on an¹H-NMR spectrum. Thus, the use of 5-iodovanillin enabled us to quantifyp-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde in oxidation products on the basis of¹H-NMR analysis as well as GC. Furthermore, more information about the condensed structure of lignin was derived by comparing the¹H-NMR and GC analyses.Part of this work was presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Lignin Symposium, Sapporo, October 1997     

Semi-quantitative method to evaluate the α-carbonyl content in lignin

A method to estimate the content of -carbonyl structures in lignin was developed. This method consists of two successive treatments: NaBD₄ treatment of pulp to reduce an -carbonyl structure in lignin, and nitrobenzene oxidation. NaBD₄ was used to convert an -carbonyl structure to a deuterium-labeled hydroxymethine structure. The ratio of D-vanillin [(HO)(H₃CO)C₆H₃CDO] to H-vanillin [(HO)(H₃CO)C₆H₃CHO] or that of their syringyl analogues obtained by nitrobenzene oxidation was used as the measure of the content of -carbonyl structure. Model experiments demonstrated that when sodium hydroxide was used as alkali for the nitrobenzene oxidation, the retention of deuterium at the side chain -position was very low due to the displacement of deuterium with hydrogen by an unknown reaction mechanism. In order to depress this unexpected displacement, the reaction conditions of the nitrobenzene oxidation were modified. The modified nitrobenzene oxidation employs 0.5mol/l of lithium hydroxide as a reaction medium instead of 2.0mol/l sodium hydroxide. By this modification, this method could successfully trace the formation and the degradation of the -carbonyl structure in milled wood lignins.This paper was presented in part at the 11th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Nice, France, June 2001 and at the 46th Lignin Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, November 2001