无线网在海洋渔业中的应用探讨

当今互联网迅猛发展，各行各业应用互联网进行信息化管理已成必然趋势。但是由于海洋渔业所涉及的面广、点多、点分散等特点，在应用互联网进行信息化管理方面有一定的困难。然而随着无线互联网的出现与普及，海洋渔业也能象其它行业一样越来越多地应用互联网，加快渔业信息化的进程。     

江西沟地区禾本科牧草引种试验

经过对早熟禾属(poa L.)、披碱草属(Elymus L.)的九种禾本科牧草在江西沟地区的生长情况、青干草产量及籽实产量的试验观测,筛选出了适于江西沟地区种植的牧草种类。     

四季草莓寒地高效栽培技术研究

利用四季草莓新品种‘四季公主2号’为试材,在吉林省开展四季草莓寒地高效栽培技术研究。结果表明,秋季定植四季草莓的产量和经济效益比春季定植的高,最佳定植时期8月10—25日;最佳栽培方式是平畦;春季采收后修剪使植株更新复壮,可提高草莓秋季产量和品质。     

You cannot conserve a species that has not been found: The case of the marine sponge Axinella polypoides in Liguria,Italy

1. Detailed knowledge about the distribution of species in need of protection is required for the management of Marine Protected Areas, a major tool to reduce marine biodiversity loss. Such knowledge is deficient for most marine invertebrates.
2. Axinella polypoides is a marine sponge included on the list of protected species by the Barcelona Convention (1976) and the Bern Convention (1987). This large and erect species has an important ecological role in habitat forming and benthic–pelagic coupling.
3. Bathymetrical, geographical and ecological data over the last 60 years were collated from publications and reports, together with new surveys to assess the distribution and protection status in Liguria of A. polypoides. It identified a more widespread distribution than previously thought, which points at a general need for dedicated investigations on the occurrence of species that require protection.
4. Bathymetrical distribution was trimodal, with peaks corresponding to different geomorphological settings: coastal cliff bases (around 38 m depth), inner shelf shoals (52 m) and rocks amidst coarse sediment on the outer shelf (79 m). Density was significantly greater at the shallowest depths. The species was mostly found in the coralligenous biocoenosis, in association with other characteristic species or forming a monospecific facies.
5. On (sub)vertical cliffs, A. polypoides often exhibited an unusual cane shape, rather than the typical bushy morphology, thus causing confusion with the congeneric A. cannabina, a more southern species. Records of the latter in the Ligurian Sea therefore need confirmation.
6. Only a minority (22.6%) of A. polypoides records were in Marine Protected Areas, the remainder being located in areas with no current environmental protection plans in place. While the occurrence of this species in MPAs remained stable over the decades, the only quantitative historical data available indicated that populations in non-protected areas were declining owing to anthropogenic impacts (fishing and anchoring).

     

三峡库区典型流域水质时空特征及污染防控策略

为了解三峡库区典型小流域不同土地利用类型下水质的变化特征,于2015-2020年对三峡库区长坪小流域开展水质监测,对不同土地利用类型下水体中的总氮（Total Nitrogen,TN）、硝态氮（NO3--N）、氨氮（NH4+-N）、总磷（Total Phosphorus,TP）、可溶态总磷（Dissolved Total Phosphorus,DTP）和颗粒态总磷（Particulate Phosphorus,PP）浓度的时空变化规律进行研究,识别流域内主要氮磷污染源,从而提出针对性的污染防控策略。结果表明：1）不同土地利用类型氮磷输出浓度从大到小依次为村庄、坡耕地、林地和水库,其TN平均浓度分别为8.29、2.88、1.57和1.43 mg/L,TP平均浓度分别为0.25、0.13、0.09和0.07 mg/L。2）不同土地利用类型的水质在汛期和非汛期存在差异,村庄氮磷输出浓度为非汛期高于汛期,坡耕地、林地和水库则表现为汛期高于非汛期。3）内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果表明林地和水库的污染程度均为清洁水平,坡耕地污染程度为轻污染水平,村庄受散养生猪数量的影响,污染程度从污染水平转变为重污染水平。4）长坪小流域TN和TP年输出负荷总量分别为4 278.59和364.93 kg/a。畜禽养殖源是小流域氮磷最主要的污染源,其TN和TP的输出负荷分别占流域总负荷的45.69%和71.77%。坡耕地的TN和TP单位面积污染负荷分别是村庄的7.58%和1.79%,与村庄相比,坡耕地具有显著的低污染特征,因此,以坡耕地消纳村庄污水和畜禽粪便,可促进流域内粪污的就地消纳,达到多源共治的效果。基于小流域不同土地利用类型的水质特征和生态系统服务功能,将流域划分为林草水源涵养区、村庄污染控制区和坡耕地水土保持区,并进行分区协同防控,促进流域农业面源污染系统高效治理。     

三峡库区2类典型森林5种土壤酶季节动态及其与养分的关系

以三峡库区2类典型的森林类型马尾松纯林和马尾松-杉木混交林为研究对象,测定土壤理化性质与不同季节酶活性,以揭示土壤酶的季节动态及其与养分的关系。结果表明:5种酶活性最低值均出现在冬季(1月),除多酚氧化酶活性最高值出现在夏季(7月)外,其余4种酶活性最高值出现在秋季(10月)。蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的季节变化规律一致,从夏季到冬季呈现先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势,多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶的季节变化则呈现从春季到秋季持续升高再降低的动态规律。除多酚氧化酶外,其余4种酶活性均与土壤有机质、全氮、土壤含水量、硝态氮呈极显著正相关,4种酶之间均存在显著的正相关关系。     

汽车4S店服务补救对补救绩效的影响研究

基于债务结构的研究视角,以德国和PIIGS五国为例,构建主权债务可持续性模型,量化研究债务自身结构、宏观经济结构以及财政支出结构对债务可持续性的影响,并运用向量自回归模型进行检验.研究结果表明：适度地提高长期债券所占比重（以65%-75%为宜）,同时降低短期债务的比重（不超过15%）,改善宏观经济结构并促进国内就业,扩大固定资产投资的财政支出,均有助于抑制债务规模的持续扩张,维持主权债务的可持续性.     

陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤养分评价——以甘肃庄浪县为例

【目的】从县域尺度对陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤养分进行评价,为黄土丘陵区梯田土壤培肥、粮食产量增加提供科学依据。【方法】以庄浪县耕地质量评价数据为数据源,共采集3 839个样点,且采样点均匀覆盖全县农田,通过主成分分析和方差成分估计模块分析了陇东黄土区梯田土壤大量养分（有机质、全磷、全氮、缓效钾、速效磷、碱解氮、速效钾）和微量养分（有效铜、有效锌、有效锰、有效铁、有效硼）分布特征及其影响因素。【结果】1）庄浪县梯田土壤全磷和速效磷含量处于高水平,速效钾含量处于较高水平,有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量处于中等水平。土壤大量养分综合指数处于较低、中等和较高级别的样本数分别占有效样本数的14.45%,65.89%和19.66%。2）庄浪县梯田土壤有效铜、有效锰和有效铁含量为中等水平,有效锌和有效硼含量处于中下水平,且有较大面积的土壤缺硼。土壤微量养分综合指数处于较低、中等和较高级别的样本数分别占有效样本数的32.53%,63.35%和4.12%。3）土壤类型对土壤大量养分空间变异的贡献率达51.81%,海拔影响次之,其贡献率为23.60%。随着海拔的升高,土壤大量养分综合指数在较高水平样本所占比例相应增加。4）土壤微量养分空间变异性与土壤类型、土壤质地、海拔有关,土壤类型对微量养分空间变异的贡献率最高,为69.41%,土壤质地、海拔的贡献率分别为17.65%,11.76%。随着海拔的升高,土壤微量养分综合指数在中高水平所占比例总体降低。【结论】陇东黄土丘陵区梯田土壤大量养分和微量养分整体处于中等水平,有较大面积的土壤缺硼。梯田土壤养分的空间变异主要受土壤类型和海拔的影响。     

南疆环塔里木盆地林果种植区近50a气候变化特征及对果树生长的影响

根据南疆环塔里木盆地林果种植区1961-2010年以来资料完整的32个气象站点的气象资料,利用线性趋势函数分析了该地区近50年的光、温、水等主要气象要素的变化。结果表明:南疆环塔里木盆地林果种植区对全球气候变化的响应显著,年平均气温呈明显的上升趋势,冬季升温尤为显著;年平均降水量以5.873mm/10a的速度上升,增加最快的是夏季,其次是秋季,冬季最少;光照条件和湿度条件变化不明显。南疆环塔里木盆地年平均气温上升趋势对林果这一喜温作物整体有利,暖冬气候整体有利于果树的越冬;夏季降水量增加显著,可利用水资源略有增加,有利于果树的生长发育。但气候变暖同时导致极端气候事件频发,果树发生冻害风险增大。暖冬气候条件使越冬病虫卵蛹死亡率降低,病虫群数量上升,不利于果树病虫害防治。     

Assessing waterbird conservation objectives: An example for the Burry Inlet, UK

We use an individual-based model to assess the conservation objectives for knot Calidris canutus L. and oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus L. on the Burry Inlet Special Protection Area (SPA), UK. Population monitoring has identified a decline in oystercatcher numbers, but cannot determine whether this is due to a decline in site quality. Long term data on cockle stocks show that the biomass of the large-sized cockles consumed by oystercatcher declined after 2004, whereas a similar decline was not observed in the smaller cockles consumed by knot. The model postdicts that during the winters of 2005/2006 to 2008/2009 the site was unable to support the number of oystercatcher present at the time it was designated (i.e. the SPA population). Large cockle biomass remained low during 2009/2010, but increases in mussel biomass meant that the model postdicted that the site could support the SPA population of oystercatcher. Knot food supplies remained high during most years, except 2008/2009 during which the model postdicted that the SPA population could not be supported. The model postdicted that the stock reserved for oystercatchers after shellfishing needed to be 2-4 times the amount consumed by the birds in order to support the bird population. We recommend that where necessary, the conservation objectives of waterbirds should be assessed using a combination of thorough population size and behaviour monitoring to identify sites with population declines, and individual-based modelling on these sites to determine whether reduction in site quality may contribute to the site-specific population decline.