钾对瓜尔豆光合及胚乳中糖类含量的影响

研究了钾对盆栽瓜尔豆光合及胚乳中糖类物质含量的影响。试验设4个施钾水平:K2O.0(CK)、8.952、13.381和17.857.mg/kg,分别用K1、K2、K3和K4表示。结果表明,增施钾肥可显著提高瓜尔豆叶片中可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量和净光合速率,并且延长了光合峰值持续时间。在施钾条件下,生长前期叶片中蔗糖(Suc)和葡萄糖(Glc)含量与对照差异不显著;株龄60.d后,增施钾的处理叶片中Suc和Glc含量显著低于对照,子粒中的可溶性总糖、鼠李糖(Rham)、半乳糖(Gal)、Suc含量及多糖总量显著高于对照。不同处理的产量顺序为K3K2CK和K4;胚乳中半乳甘露聚糖(GM)含量为K2K3和CKK4。由于增施K2O.13.381.mg/kg的处理产量最高,其单株生产的糖物质及GM总量也最多。适量增施钾肥能显著提高瓜尔豆叶片的净光合速率,加速糖类物质由叶片向子粒中的运转,促进子粒中糖类物质的积累,提高子粒的产量。     

Agro-morphological diversity scenario in upland rice germplasm of Jeypore tract

The Jeypore tract of Orissa is one of the secondary centers of origin of cultivated rice. Recent exploration to that tract has resulted in a collection of 120 accessions of upland rice germplasm. They have been conserved in both National active collection and base collection centres for further utilisation as and when it will be required. Also a historical perspective on the genetical diversity of rice germplasm of the region has been highlighted. The characterization data revealed enormous morphological as well as agronomical variability among the landraces.     

煤基混合物对复垦土壤的改良及苜蓿增产效果

以煤基材料综合利用为目的,根据风化煤、煤矸石和粉煤灰的理化性质,按照特定质量比混合,比例为：风化煤∶煤矸石∶粉煤灰=5∶1∶4,并加入一定量的化学肥料,用于矿区复垦土壤的改良。煤基混合物含有丰富的养分。通过盆栽试验确定,复垦土壤中添加适量的煤基混合物后,养分含量有了显著提高,盆栽试验表明苜蓿生物量比对照提高约一倍,粗蛋白含量亦显著提高。利用煤基混合物改良土壤可以避免单纯施用化肥造成的土壤板结等问题,提高了矿区废弃物的综合利用率。     

Allozyme Variation Among Some Pearl Millet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pennisetum glaucum</Emphasis> L.) Cultivars Collected from Tunisia and West Africa

Allozyme variation was assessed in a collection of pearl millet cultivars derived from three different regions of traditional cultivation of this cereal in Tunisia and West African countries. Using starch gel electrophoresis, 11 loci corresponding to seven enzyme staining systems were identified. Important within-cultivar genetic diversity was detected. Genetic diversity within Tunisian cultivars was similar and was more pronounced than for West African ones. This result could be explained by the low level of the human selection characterizing the Tunisian cultivars. Most of the total genetic diversity is maintained within subregions suggesting little genetic differentiation. Cluster analysis did not reveal separate clusters for the various subregion cultivars. However the cluster analysis should help in the selection of interesting genotypes for future breeding programs.     

周宁县天然甜槠林乔木层主要树种的竞争研究

以甜槠及其伴生树种在正常纯林和伴生树种为优势种组成的阔叶林中的优势度为环境容纳量,用重要值百分数求取种间竞争系数,采用Lotka-Volterra竞争方程研究甜槠林的共优种群(甜槠与其伴生树种)种间竞争关系。结果表明,甜槠及其伴生树种的相对优势度分别为59.79%和40.21%,说明未来甜槠林仍由甜槠及其伴生树种共优组成,甜槠将支配整个群落。     

应用淀粉凝胶电泳鉴定西甜瓜杂交种纯度的研究

对甜瓜杂交种"新皇后"、西瓜杂交种"西农八号"和无籽西瓜"黑密二号"及其父母本苗期子叶的三种同工酶进行了淀粉凝胶电泳分析,结果显示:除乙醇脱氢酶同工酶无酶带显现外,过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱在供试的三个杂交种与其父母本间均表现出了差异."新皇后"和"黑密二号"以5d苗龄子叶、"西农八号"以12d苗龄子叶的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱的差异最为明显,酯酶同工酶酶谱的差异相对较小.用淀粉凝胶电泳分析过氧化物酶同工酶在西甜瓜杂交种纯度鉴定工作中具有很大的适用性.     

短梗五加种子萌发影响因子研究

短梗五加[Acanthopanax sessiliflorus(Rupr.et Maxim.)Seem]种子透水性良好,休眠后萌发不受其影响。果肉、种皮和胚乳中均存在抑制物质,胚乳中提取物质对白菜种子萌发的抑制效果最明显,果肉其次,种皮最弱。果实成熟种子自然脱落时,种胚尚未发育完全,处于心形胚阶段。种子萌发需要先暖温层积以完成胚的分化与生长,然后转入低温完成生理后熟。     

Isolation and characterization of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

Degenerate primers designed based on known resistant genes (R-genes) and resistance gene analogs (RGAs) were used in combinations to elucidate RGAs from Sorghum bicolor, cultivar M 35-1. Most of the previously tried primer combinations resulted in amplicons of expected 500–600 bp sizes in sorghum along with few novel combinations. Restriction analysis of PCR amplicons of expected size revealed a group of fragments present in a single band indicating the heterogeneous nature of the amplicon. Many of these were cloned and some were considered for analysis. The nucleotide sequence of different cloned fragments was done and their predicted amino acid sequences compared to each other and to the amino acid sequences of known R-genes revealed significant sequence similarity. A cluster analysis based on neighbor-joining (N-J) method was carried out using sorghum RGAs (SRGAs) together with several analogous known R-genes resulting in two major groups; cluster-I comprising only SRGAs and cluster-II comprised of known R-gene sequences along with three SRGAs. Further analysis clearly indicated similarity of SRGAs in overall sense with already known ones from other crop plants. These sequences can be used as guidelines to detect, map and eventually isolate numerous R-genes in sorghum.     

Direct plant development from microspore-derived embryos of winter oilseed rape Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzger

The influence of temperature/photoperiod treatment and gibberellic acid concentration (0, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l) on direct conversion of microspore-derived embryos (MDEs) to plantlets of winter oilseed rape was investigated. Physiologically mature, 21-day-old MDEs were transferred to a solid B5 medium supplemented with gibberellic acid, and cultured at 24 ^°C, 4 ^°C or 1 ^°C for 14 days, and then at 24 ^°C for the next 21 days. Low temperature was linked with short photoperiod (8 h light/16 h dark), and high temperature was linked with long photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark). The highest embryo conversion rate was at 1 ^°C with over 70%, compared to<20% at 4 ^°C. Two-way analysis of variance confirmed the significance of the effect of temperature/photoperiod treatment. By contrast, gibberellic acid concentration had no significant effect on stimulation of shoot development from apical meristems of MDEs. Roots developed from apical root meristems of MDEs very easily. The best obtained conversion rate of MDEs induced with cold treatment at1 ^°C for 14 days was 86.5%. Observations on morphological development of MDEs showed clear differences in reaction at various temperature/photoperiod treatments. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Nutrient Management Effects on Light Interception, Photosynthesis, Growth, Dry-matter Production and Yield of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea)

A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam acidic soil to study the effect of nutrient managements on light interception, photosynthesis, growth, biomass production and yield of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000‐seed weight, seed and oil yield of Indian mustard improved at 100 % recommended rates of NPK (N‐P‐K at 80‐17.2‐33.2 kg ha^?1) + 10 t ha^?1 farmyard manure (FYM) (T₃) compared with 100 % NPK rate (T₂). It was also at par with 100 % NPK + 10 kg ha^?1 borax + 20 kg ha^?1 ZnSO₄ (T₆) and 50 % NPK + 10 t ha^?1 FYM +10 kg ha^?1 borax + 20 kg ha^?1 ZnSO₄ (T₁₀). The rate of photosynthesis increased due to appropriate nutrient management treatments (T₃, T₆ or T₁₀) with concomitant increase in photosynthetically active radiation, internal CO₂ concentration and rate of transpiration and decrease in stomatal resistance. Consequent upon the higher rate of photosynthesis, dry‐matter accumulation increased. The crop receiving nutrient treatment T₃ or T₆ maintained higher light interception ratio (LIR), leaf area index (LAI), biomass production, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) that resulted in greater rate of photosynthesis, harvest index and seed yield. Similarly, T₁₀ was equally efficient in registering greater LIR, LAI, CGR, NAR and seed yield of mustard. The average seed yields were 1692, 1683 and 1668 kg ha^?1 in T₃, T₆ and T₁₀, respectively, and these three treatments were significantly superior to T₂ (1332 kg ha^?1), control (723 kg ha^?1) and other treatments. Significantly greater seed oil contents of 41.30, 40.60 and 41.07 % were recorded in T₃, T₆ and T₁₀, respectively. Thus, significant improvement due to appropriate combination of NPK, FYM, borax and ZnSO₄ was observed for uptake of nutrients.